‘ { “ ‘ j _ _ jf oe Ne : 1 el “4 high Sm psa 9 x , A Sime e — 7 ( a y gee, . - ' — ,! ; — 7, . ‘ \ . * ’ ‘ ie p ee MPO Vie eS ey ee RF PRAM, Bee Ta SICH sg patsy RA ATE. Ger) a RN Ast: SAE ey es ; A, ie al We > n a OF ae ; ie, by oe \, Ned oe oe PARAL eae Vi ry ** s PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PART XXI. 1853. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ; SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE, AND BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER ROW. LIST CONTRIBUTORS, With References to the several Articles contributed by each. Apams, Artuur, Esq., F.L.S. at of New Shells, from the Collection of ra Cuming, Esq. . Seis crores hn nia: «ee Eee TRE of New Lae of Semele, Rhizochilus, Plotia, and Tiara, in the Cumingian Collection ................ Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Conus, from the CollecGon’of Hugh Cuming, Esqes 22.6. fcc) sss Monograph of Plecotrema, a New Genus of Gasteropodous Mollusks, belonging to the Family Auriculide, from speci- mens in the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq............. Descriptions of New Species of Shells, in the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. A Monograph of Pyramidella, a Genus of a Am Mollusca, belonging to the Family Pyramidellidee Contributions towards a Monograph of the Genus Chem- MEPIS Ata eS PU io eees, SEMEL: ohtee ts, teed Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Gasteropodous DE SIOHER eI es co widen saiiedines ne pau SOE Np! sate A Monograph of Fossar, a Genus of Gasteropodous MoMemeR to ask) paceman a). aiervineaadh)spidiediiveds sae (n A Monograph of Umbonium (Rotella), a Genus of Trochidee. A Monograph of Isanda, a New Genus of Trochide, allied to Umbonium .... 2. ainetaalol Hagan. pomints; page 69 94 . 116 120 MS eLYB . 176 178 182 186 187 . 188 iv Barro, Witi1aM, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. page Descriptions of some New Species of Entozoa, from the Collection of the British Museum ............ 6.0.05 0505 Boureuienat, M. J. R. Descriptions d’Ancyles nouveaux, de la Collection de M. Cuming, précédée d’une courte notice sur le genre Ancylus, et d’un Catalogue complet des espéces qui le composent .. . . Broperip, W. J., Esq., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &e. Notice of an original Painting, including a figure of the Dodo, in the Collection of his Grace the Duke of Northum- berlandsat: SionsHVOUse: sss ce et thon eee eee eee Cuvurton, Mr. H. Extracts from a Letter respecting Collections in New Zealand. Crisp, Epwarps, Esq., M.D. Ou;the Anatomy of the Onckoo: « 3i.°.)5: 00s. s «2a wee On Two Species of Entozoa EOP ONEN Tak On the Splenic Vein of the Giraffe.................44. Desuayes, M. G. P. Descriptions of New Species of Shells, in the Collection of Mr. Cuming VP ehh er Tee Mets! «lo valete wrist ere Bure we) ei phauahe” ef eadiaciera tpubniate Descriptions of Fourteen New Species of Mactra, in the Collection of Mr. Cuming Descriptions of Two New Species of Clementia, in the Col- lection of Mr. Cuming Observations sur les Animaux de quelques genres de Mol- lusques Acéphalés (Chamostrea, Glauconome, Circe et Capsa). Dunxer, Dr. W. Limnzeacea nova Collectionis Cumingianze 18 76 54 30 68 99 14 17 167 Earu, G. Winpsor, Esq. page Notes on the Bovine Animals of the Malay Peninsula.... 29 Fraser, Louts, Esq. On the occurrence of a large Ape in the vicinity of Fer- DMN Ae Anos Sot ctcck cauecese tes. 1S Descriptions of Two New Birds, from Fernando Po...... 13 Gou.p, Joun, Esq., F.R.S. Description of a New Species of Aulacorhamphus ........ 45 On the Nest and Eggs of Menura Alberti .............. 45 Description of a New Species of Tetraogallus............ 47 Descriptions of Five New Species of Humming Birds .... 61 Observations on the Nests of Humming Birds .......... 100 Descriptions of Two New Species of Humming Birds from Gray, Dr. J. E., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &. On a New Species of Salamander from California........ 11 Description of a New Species of Tortoise (Testudo planiceps), Prone, Lhe Maalnparcns: ERAN Pine fe co verse oie /aje nian le.e-ave 12 Description of the Animal of Cyclina sinensis .......... 25 On the Division of the Ctenobranchous Gasteropodous Mollusca into larger Groups and Families................ 32 Notice of a esbige New age of Rhinoceros from PUPUE IN RERLCH AE hg cicecne ss) Me eres aos wakes aces ieee Temes LO On the Synonyms of Johnstonella Catharina, Gosse .... 94 Descriptions of Two New Genera labels and sie of Land Mollusca ...... .. 109 On the Attitudes and Bigiran: of the Morse .).3600 6.0. 112 Observations on some rare Indian Mammalia .......... 190 vi Gray, Grorce Rosert, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.8. &e. page Descriptions of Two New Species of Ptilonopus ........ 48 On a New Species of Thalassidroma........ ......... 62 GuLLIVER, GroreGE, Esq., F.R.S. Notes on a Cetaceous Animal stranded on the North-east COARCLOLRUEC IANA A er ek ee ga oe aoe Coase aoa. cou he Beae Chaka scale Newcoms, W., Esq., M.D. &c. Descriptions of Seventy-nine New Species of Achatinedla, Swainson, a genus of Pulmoniferous Mollusks, in the Collec- tion OF een Cre Beg, cs osu es cues ax os DOS Owen, Professor, F.R.S. &c. On the Anatomy of the Walrus...................... 103 Preirrer, Dr. L. Descriptions of Twenty-three New » postice angulatis ; latere antico brevi, obtuso, postico trun- cato ; cardine angusto, tridentato, altero bidentato ; sinu pal- lit parvo, angusto, brevi, obtuso, submarginalt. Hab. Looy. Coll. Cuming. 18. VeNERUPIS ELEGANS, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 2.) V. testd elongatd, transversd, angustd, inequilaterali, inflato-cylindra- ced, antice attenuatd, breviore, postice latiore, obtuse truncatd, latere postico obtuse angulaté, longitudinaliter tenuissime et eleganter striato-granulosd, transversim multi-lamellosd ; la- mellis inequalibus, antice obtusis, crenulatis, postice tenuibus latioribus, minute crispis ; lunuld ovato-elongatd, in medio pro- minente, rimosd; ared angustd, profundd, canaliculatd ; valvis intus albis, marginibus tenue crenulatis ; impressione pallii submarginali, sinu brevi, angulato, basi lato. Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming. 19, VENERUPIS sILiqua, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1.) V. testd elongato-transversd, turgiduld, inequilaterali, albo-flavidd, an- terius obtusd, posterius obtuse angulatd, truncatd, transver- sim inequaliter striato-sulcatd, sulcis striisque irregularibus, numerosis, appressis, nonnullis sensim posterius eminentioribus et in laminas breves, regulares, erectas, sese transformantibus ; umbonibus minimis, turgidulis ; lunuld viv distinctd, in medio prominente ; sinu pallii angusto, elongato, apice obtuso. Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming. 20. VenEeRupPis mitTis, Desh. V. testd ovato-transversdé con- veaxiusculd, tenui, inequilaterali, antice declivi, angustiore, ob- tusd, postice obscure subangulatd, vix oblique truncatd, intus extusque albd, longitudinaliter dense striatd, striis planis, sepius duplicatis, lamellis brevibus, angustis, simplicibus, postice paulo eminentioribus cinctd ; margine lunulart promi- nente, lunuld indistinctd ; cardine angusto dentibus tribus minimis instructo ; nymphis intus violaceis, sinu pallii angusto, apice acuto, breviusculo. Hab. ? Coll. Cuming. 21. VENERUPIS PAUPERCULA, Desh. JV. testd ovatd, compressd, transversd, inequilaterali, irregulariter contortd, antice ob- tusd, posterius perpendiculariter truncatd, squalide albo-rufes- cente, transversim irregulariter rugosd et striatd, intus albd, postice violaceo-maculatd ; sinu pallii lato, profundo, apice ob- tusissimo, horizontalt. Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming. 22. VeNERUPIS OBESA, Desh. V. testd ovatd, transversd, brevi, inequilaterali, inflatd, turgidd, antice declivi, acuminaté, postice obtusd, antice albd, postice squalide violaced, longitu- dinaliter tenue striata, transversim irregulariter rugosd ; striis convexis, sepius undulosis ; umbonibus magnis, inflatis, promi- nentibus, levigatis, oppositis, violaceis ; lunuld aredque nullis ; 6 valvis intus antice albo-flavis, postice violaceis ; sinu palli angustissimo, profundissimo, oblique ad umbones ascendente. Hab. Port Phillip. Coll. Cuming. 23. Venerupis rnsiGnis, Desh. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 4.) V. testd ovato-transversd, subquadratd, valde inequilaterali, plus mi- nusve inflatd et irregulari, flavd, ad margines rufa, longitudi- naliter creberrime et tenuissime liratd, liris in latere postico profundissime angulatis seu divaricatis et inter se conjunctis ; latere antico brevissimo, postico paulo latiore, oblique truncato ; margine superiore inferiori parallelo ; umbonibus obliquis, tumt- dis, approximatis ; valvis intus in medio croceo-rubris, ad pert- pheriam violaceis; sinu pallii angusto, profundo, apice acumi- nato, ascendente. Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming. 24. Circe personata, Desh. C. testd suborbiculato-trigond, de- pressd, lenticulari, inequilaterali, ad umbones compressd, trans- versim tenue striatd, striis in latere postico evanescentibus, albo- grised, in medio fusco maculata, ad margines sepius lineolatd ; maculis in medio sepius duabus personatis; lunuld aredque minimis, angustis, lanceolatis, atro-castaneis ; valvis intus in fornice violaceis, in margine albis; impressione musculare anticd ovato-oblongd ; fossuld laterali value dextre usque ad dentem cardinalem prolongatd ; impressione pallii ad marginem descendente. Venus scripta, Chemn. ; Cytherea scripta, Lamk. non Linn. Hab. Indian Ocean; Philippines. Coll. Cuming. 25. Circe putcuRa, Desh. C. testd ovato-transversd, subequi- laterali, antice obtusd, postice angustiore, tumidd, solidd, irre- gulariter transversim striatd, striis inequalibus distantibus, pliceformibus, striis longitudinalibus tenuissimis, obsoletis, de- cussantibus, albo-grised, maculis duabus, castaneis, radianti- bus, in medio separatis; valvis intus albo-griseis, marginibus brunneis ; impressione pallii brevissimd, in medio valvarum positd, simplice. Cytherea elegans, Sow. (non Koch) Thes. Conch. p. 645. pl. 135. . 163. Hab. Red Sea. Coll. Cuming. 26. CrRcCE TRANSVERSARIA, Desh. C. testd ovato-transversd, subequilaterali, depressd, antice rotundatd, postice subtruncatd, JSuscd, sepius ad umbones albo angulatim maculatd, antice posticeque divaricatim rugosd, in medio transversim sulcatd, suleis rugisque granosis; umbonibus minimis brevibus, oppositis ; lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, lined impressd circumscriptd, atratd; =e subpland, levigatd, intus albd, in medio violaceo-macu- ata. Var. 3. Testa minore, sulcis transversis majoribus. Hab. Philippimes. Coll. Cuming. / 27. CrRCE LENTICULARIS, Desh. C.testd ovato-subtrigond, in me- dio turgidd, ad peripheriam acutd, inequilaterali, antice postice- que obtusd, transversim sulcato-plicatd, albd, lineolis castaneis, angulatis, vel undulatis, interruptis, ornatd; suleis in latere postico evanidis ; umbonibus depressis, plicis obsoletis, divari- catis, notatis ; lunuld angustd, atro-fuscd, lanceolata ; vulvd profunde excavatd, atratd, lineis atris, irradiantibus ornatd ; valvis intus pallide croceis; impressione pallit brevissimd, in medio valvarum positd. Hab. 2? Coll. Cuming. 28. Crrce Mercauret, Desh. C. ftestd orbiculato-subtrigond, tumiduld, subequilaterali, candidd, fusco rare maculata, maculis in medio serialibus, transversim tenue sulcatd, suleis inequa- libus, numerosis, convexis, antice posticeque striis tenuissimis, divergentibus, intersectis ; lunuld ovato-lanceolatd aredque fusco maculatis seu candidis ; valvis intus flavo-rufis, ad mar- gines albis ; cardine angusto, dente antico valde separato. Hab. 2 Coll. Metcalfe. , 29. Meretrix GRATA, Desh. WM. testd minimd, ovato-trigond, depressiusculd, inequilaterali, nitidissimd, late profundeque transversim sulcatd ; sulcis regularibus, rotundatis, interstitiis subequalibus separatis, simplicibus, rubescentibus, interstitis pallide luteis; umbonibus acutis, parvis, angustis, elatis; lunuld pland, ovato-angustd, elongatd, lividd; ared planulatd, levigatd ; valvis intus albis, maculd angustd castaned in margine postico ; sinu pallii latissimo, semicirculart. Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming. 30. CHIoneE GiBBOSULA, Desh. C. testd rotundato-trigond, obl- qud, inequilaterali, convexiusculd, antice brevi, obtusa, inferne convead, superne arcuato-gibbosd, postice subangulatd; alba, postice fusco cerulescente vel radiata vel pallide violaced ; latert- bus et apicibus longitudinaliter costatis, rugis transversalibus, undulosis, decussatis, et crenulatis ; in latere postico costis plu- ribus majoribus, alteris tenue granulosis ; lunuld nulld ; valvis intus albis, impressionibus muscularibus violaceis ; sinu pallit horizontali, trigono, acuto, subequilaterali. Hab. ? Coll. Cuming. 31. Cu1one reEGuLARIS, Desh. C. testd ovato-trigond, trans- versd, turgidd, inequilaterali, antice obtusd, postice dechivi, subangulatd, subrostratd, margine ventrali valde arcuato, flavo- grised, postice nigro-violascente, transversim regulariter et ele- ganter sulcatd; sulcis convevis, equidistantibus ; lunuld elon- gato-ovatd, perpland, levigatd, nitente, superne violaceo macu- latd; ared parvd, elongatd, lanceolatd, pland; valvis intus albis; cardine antice posticeque violaceo maculato ; sinu pallit lato, obliquo, brevi, semiovalt. Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming. 8 32. CuionE spHa#rRicuLa, Desh. C. testd orbiculari, subaequi- laterali, turgidd, subspheroidali, candidissimd, transversim sul- catd, sulcis antice posticeque evanidis, in medio convexiusculis, latioribus ; umbonibus magnis, elevatis, recurvis, cordatis ; lu- nuld. brevi, impressd, cordiformi, in medio purpureo-maculatd ; valvis incrassatis, intus albis, ad marginem posticum purpureo- maculatis ; sinu pallit brevi, triangulari, equilateral, acuto. Hab. ? Coll. Cuming. 33. CHIONE ustuLATA, Desh. C. testd ovato-transversd, sub- trigond, turgidd, crassd, solidd, inequilaterali, antice obtusd, postice obtusissime angulatd, flavd, lineis maculisve rufis diverso modo variegatd et subradiatd, transversim irregulariter sul- catd, sulcis triangularibus, in medio obsoletis, ad umbones tenu- assimis ; lunuld ovato-elongatd, fuscd; ared ligamenti brevi, parum profundd, fuscescente ; valvis intus pallide fiavis ; mar- gine cardinali violaceo. Hab. Philippines (Port of Manilla). Coll. Cuming. 34. Tapes 1nFLATA, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 3.) T. testd ovato- transversd, subequilaterali, inflatd, turgidd, subcordiformi, transversim regulariter sulcatd, nitente, rufo-flavescente, punc- tulis lineisve fuscis, raris aspersd, obscure quadriradiatd ; wm- bonibus tumidis, recurvis, approximatis ; lunuld magnd, ovatd, levigatd, depressiusculd, concavd; ared ligamenti excavatd, ovato-lanceolatd; sulcis latis convexis ; valvis intus pallide aurantis ; sinu pallii brevi, apice obtuso, oblique ascendente, marginibus subparallelis ; sinuositate in margine posteriore sicut in Tellinis. Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Cuming. 35. Tapes TURGIDULA, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 4.) 1’. testd ovatd, transversd, inequilaterali, turgiduld, antice attenuata, breviore, angustiore, postice superneque rotundatd; umbonibus parvis ma- culd albd notatis ; valvis rufis, maculis punctisque fuscis sub- quadriradiatis, tenue transversim sulcatis, sulcis antice tenuiori- bus, sensim in medio et in latere postico majoribus, et posterius lamellosioribus ; lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, fused, in longitudi- nem concavd et striatd; ared ligamenti angustd, brevi, utroque latere canaliculatd, lateraliter maculd Juscd notatd ; valvis in- tus croceis ; sinu pallii lato, parum profundo, apice obtuso ; valve stnistre dente mediano profundissime bipartito. Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming. 36. Tapes srmiuis, Desh. 1. testd ovatd, transversd, depressd, inequilaterali, extremitatibus obtusd, transversim tenue sul- cata, rufa, apicibus rubra, levigatd, maculis raris castaneis tri- radiatd, lineis angulosis, distantibus, obsoletis notatd ; umboni- bus minimis, oppositis ; lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, levigatd, ru- bro-lineolatd ; ared angusté, depressd, lanceolata, lividd ; valvis intus in fornice rufis. Hab. ’ Coll. Cuming. 9 37. Tapes axpa, Desh. T. testd ovatd, transversd, inequilate- rali, turgiduld, antice obtusd, postice latiore, oblique truncata, crassd, solidd, intus extusque candidd ; umbonibus brevibus, de- pressis, vie obliquis, oppositis ; lunuld elongato-angustd, vix per- spicud, irregulariter striatd; ared angustissimd, vix depressd ; valvis extus irregulariter sulcatis, sulcis in medio depressis ; sinu pallit brevi, angusto, apice attenuato, semielliptico. Hab. Western Australia (Swan River). Coll. Cuming. 38. Tapers opscurata, Desh. J. testd ovato-transversd, ob- longd, inequilaterali, tumiduld, squalide rufescente, maculis minimis, unidentatis, fuscis obscurd, radiis quatuor fuscis, sub- articulatis notatd, transversim tenue et regulariter sulcatd ; sulcis antice angustioribus, in medio et ad latus posticum sen- sim latioribus; latere antico brevi, angustato, subangulato, postico latiore, obtuso; valvis tenuibus, intus pallide croceis ; sinu pall profundo, oblique ascendente, apice obtuso, margini- bus parallelis. Hab. ? Coll. Cuming. 39. Tapes BrrapiatTa, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 5.) 7. testd ovato- transversd, tumiduld, inequilaterali, eatremitatibus obtusd, fla- vescente, antice posticeque maculis minimis, pallide fuscis grised, radus duobus castaneis, latis, interruptis ornatd, transversim et regulariter tenue sulcatd ; sulcis antice minoribus, in medio la- tioribus eminentioribusque, postice angustioribus et leviter un- dulatis ; lunuld lividd, concavd, levigatd, vie distinctd ; ared elongato-laciniatd, pland, levigatd, lividd, lineis violaceis litu- ratd ; valvis intus albis; margine cardinali antice et postice violaceo maculato; sinu pallii angusto, obtuse, marginibus paral- lelis. Var. (3. Testd minore, turgidiore, radiis evanescentibus ; valvis maculis minimis et lineis angulosis irregularibus ornatis. Hab. Philippines (Puteao). Coll. Cuming. 40. Tapes quaprrrapraTa, Desh. (Pl. XIX. fig. 6.) T. testd transversd, ellipticd, turgiduld, inequilaterali, utroque latere obtectd, antice angustiusculd, albo-luted, lineis fuscis, angulatis, numerosis densissime pictd et quadriradiatd, radiis maculis quadratis fuscis et albis subarticulatis ; striis transversis regu- laribus numerosis, depressiusculis, postice planis et latioribus ; lunuld fusco-violascente, elongato-angustd, politd, fusco dense lineolatd ; ared angustd, excavatd, in medio maculd violaceo- lividd notatd ; valvis intus pallide luteis ; sinu pallii lato, semi- elliptico. Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming. 41. Tapes Grata, Desh. T. testd ovatd, transversd, inequi- laterali, compressd, antice angustiore et breviore, postice latiore, obtusd, transversim eleganter tenue sulcatd, albo-flavescente eleganter lineis fuscis tenuibus reticulata et obsolete radiata, 10 inferne maculis majoribus albo-fiavescentibus trigonis delineatis ; umbonibus minimis ; lunuld lanceolata, levigatda, fuscescente li- turaté ; ared posticali elongato-angustd, maculis transversali- bus notata ; valvis tenuibus, intus pallide croceis; pallit sinu horizontali, profundo, elliptico. Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming. 42. Tapes punicea, Desh. T. testd ovato-transversd, inequi- laterali, convexiusculd, antice breviore, obtusa, attamen attenu- atd, latere postico latiore, obscure subtruncato, fulvo vel fusco punctata, irregulariter saturatiore radiatd, maculis albis mini- mis irregulariter irroratd, longitudinaliter tenue sulcatd, sulcis inequalibus, posticis latioribus, aliquando duplicatis, sulcis éransversis decussatis, in medio simplicibus ; lunuld vie perspi- cud, elongato-lanceolatd, per longitudinem striata ; valvis intus vivide roseo-purpureis; margine cardinali postice violaceo macu- lato; sinu pallit lato, parum profundo. Tapes variegata, ex parte, Sowerby, jun., Thes. Conch. p- 696. pl. dole. 1435. Hab. Philippines. Coll. Cuming. 43. TAPES vioLASCENS, Desh. T. testd ovato-angustd, trans- versa, valde inequilaterali, subrhombed, depressd, marginibus su- periore et inferiore parallelis, latere antico brevi, oblique declivi, postico oblique truncato, extus longitudinaliter striata, striis transversalibus antice et postice decussatd ; striis longitudina- libus posticalibus latioribus, granoso-asperatis, medianis sim- plicibus ; lunuld elongato-lanceolatd, pland, viv distinctd, le- vigatd ; cardine angusto, postice violaceo, dentibus tribus sub- equalibus ; valvis extus pallide violaceo-griseis, albo triradiatis, intus rufo-violaceis ; sinu pallit lato. Hab. ? Coll. Cuming. 44. Tapes Japonica, Desh. T. testd ovato-transversd, angustd, turgiduld, inequilaterali, antice angustd, obtusd, postice sub- truncatd, longitudinaliter tenue striatd, striis inequalibus, posti- cis et anticis latioribus, striis transversis decussatis et granu- losis; lunuld vix perspicud, ovato-lanceolatd ; ared minimd, pland, levigatd ; valvis albo-griseis, maculis magnis, rregularibus, rufis in latere postico marmoratis, intus pallide flavidis ; sinu pall brevi, obtuso, basi dilatato. Hab. Sea of Japan. Coll. Cuming. 45. Tapes FABAGELLA, Desh. 1. testd elongato-transversd, ine- quilaterali, compressiusculd, intus extusque candidd, tenui, fra- gilt, antice breviore, obtusd, postice latiore, oblique truncatd, margine superiore recto, inferiore arcuato, ewilissime striatd, striis transversis regularibus, in latere postico multo rarioribus, lamellosis ; umbonibus parvis levigatis ; lunuld ovato-lanceolatd via perspicud ; sinu pallii magno, profundo, basi lato, trigono. Hab, New Zealand. Coll. Cuming. kei) ASNAINMOATIVO VAOLSOATINY diny 3804 x pay YET PPLHD TIA eundey Ss 7 90rg it 46. Tapes cineREA, Desh. T. testa ovato-transversd, inequi- laterali, depressd, extremitatibus obtusa, grised, maculis fuscis, albo subarticulatis, in latere postico radium unicum formanti- bus, longitudinaliter et inequaliter striata; striis in medio depressis, simplicibus, antice posticeque crassioribus, striis trans- versis, brevibus, decussatis ; umbonibus minimis obliquis, postice granulosis, acutis, approximatis ; lunuld angusta, lanceolata, in medio concaviusculd ; valvis intus squalide lutescentibus ; sinu pallit lato, brevi, obtusissimo. : Hab. ? Coll. Cuming. 2. On a New Species or SALAMANDER FROM CALIFORNIA. By J. E. Gray, Pa.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. (Reptilia, Pl. VII.) Mr. Henry Gurney most kindly sent to the Zoological Society for exhibition some Reptiles, from Monterey in California, with the de-, sire that the specimens should afterwards be placed in the British Museum. Among the rest was a very fine and large specimen of a Triton, which has much the external appearance of the large white- spotted Ambyostoma Caroline of the eastern part of the United States of America. On more minute examination and comparison, it proved to be quite distinct ; and as I do not find any description of it in any of the American papers on these animals, I have sent a comparative description of the two species. 1. AmByostoma Caro.in#&, Gray, Cat. Amph. B. M. 35. Brown; small spot over orbit, large spot on each side the occiput, on each leg near the joint, and a series down each side of the back and tail, white; palatine teeth in a short, nearly straight line, be- tween and not reaching to the internal nostrils, and with a separate small group of teeth behind each internal nostril. 2. AMBYOSTOMA CALIFORNIENSE. Black ; sides of lips, lower part of neck, body and tail, and limbs, with large white spots; palatine teeth in an elongated angular trans- verse line, bent forwards in the middle and extending to the outer edge of the hinder part of the internal nostril. Hab. California, Monterey, in a well (Gurney). A smaller white spot on each side of the back, not symmetrical ; the one on the right side being much in front of the other. Ambyostoma punctulatum, Gray, Cat. Amph. B. M. 37, has the tongue free on the side, and is nearly allied to the genus Plethodon : the palatine teeth are very indistinct, not forming a regular ridge. 12 3. Description oF a New Species or Tortoise (Testupo PLANICEPS), FROM THE GaLAPAGOs ISLANDS. By J. E. Gray, Pa.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.B.S. erc. After the examination of the specimens of the large Black Tor- toise (Testudo Indica) in the various English and continental col- lections, including the specimens which had served Schweiger, Schle- gel, Fitzinger, Dumeril and Bibron, and others, as the types of spe- cies, I placed them all in the ‘Catalogue of the Tortoises, Croco- diles and Amphisbzenians in the Collection of the British Museum,’ as varieties of a single, very variable species, which had been scat- tered by man in different tropical parts of the globe. I see no cause to change my opinion with respect to the head now about to be de- scribed, even should it prove to be that of a black species, which is possible, as the black species is the only one known which has any affinity to it in point of size. The skull now described was sent to Haslar Hospital, and said to have been taken from a specimen brought from the Galapagos Islands. The Black Tortoise of those islands has been described by Dr. Harlan under the name of Testudo elephan- topus ; but his figure and description so exactly agree with the adult Testudo Indica, and the specimen in the Gardens of the Zoological Society brought from the Galapagos Islands, is so exactly similar to the specimen of Testudo Indica from the Mauritius, that I cannot think that the usual Galapagos Tortoise is different from that spe- cies, or like the skull here noticed. I therefore propose to designate this species by the provisional name of Testudo planiceps. The fol- lowing comparative statement of the characters presented by this skull and that of 7. Indica, will show the differences which exist be- tween them. Testupo Inpica. Skull high, convex. Forehead convex, rounded to the nose-cavity; broad between the eyes. Temples flat behind. Cheeks small, four-sided. Edge of the jaw between the nose- cavity and the mouth narrow and rounded. Nose-cavity oblong, nearly twice as high as broad, contracted on each side above. : Palate broad, oblong, very deeply concave, and with concave con- verging sides in front. TESTUDO PLANICEPS. Skull much-depressed, flat. Forehead flat, with a rapid de- clivity towards the nose-cavity ; narrow between the eyes. Temples produced, bent in be- hind. Cheeks large, subtrigonal. Edge of the jaw between the nose- cavity and the mouth high and erect. Nose-cavity nearly square, scarce- ly higher than broad, and very little contracted above. Palate narrow, nearly lozenge- shaped, truncated behind, rather deeply concave, with straight converging sides in front. Testupo Inpica. TESTUDO PLANICEPS. Sphenoid bone deeply concave | Sphenoid bone flat beneath, under beneath, under the condyle. the condyle. Lower jaw narrowed and rounded | Lower jaw convex and erect in in front, not more than half as front, and as high as behind. high as behind. These descriptions are taken from skulls of nearly the same size, as proved by the following measurements :— Testudo Testudo Indica. laniceps. Length from condyle to front of lip........ BE as Me i from occipital crest to nose-cavity... 52 58 Of PRlAerCONCSVILY oi. oe ans = OF 26 Reig al Convles, ete sie dayy oe tte ne A 43 at ends of temporal bones .......... 44 32 of palate concavity in middle........ 13 1 betweenvarhits, 2. o> tk Sake se hash 2 12 Height from back of upper lip to top of head 2% 1g of front of lower jaw .............. & l Lenpth of nasaf opemme 22.82 SUS Oo 2 ls January 25, 1853. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. A portion of a letter from Mr. Louis Fraser, H.M. Consul at Whi- dah, was read, in which the writer mentioned that he had received accounts of the occurrence of a large Ape in the vicinity of Fernando Po. He says it has only been brought down to the colony on two or three occasions. The natives call it Tap-par-po-har, and sup- pose it to be a Chimpanzee ; but from the description they give of it, he thinks it must be a Cynocephalus. The people say it is as large as a man, that it has a long head and a very short tail, and that it barks like a dog. He adds that there are curious tales current about the animal, which he will endeavour to collect. The following papers were also read :— 1. Descriptions or Two NEw Birps, FROM FERNANDO Po. By Louis Fraser. Buso Pornsis, Fraser. Brownish yellow, each feather barred with brown, the brown pre- dominating on the crown, shoulders and middle of the back; tail 14 above barred with brown and greyish brown alternately ; twelve bars of each colour. } Total length 16 inches; gape, 12; wing, 12; tail, 7; tarsi, 14. Hab. Fernando Po. po Killed in June. The specimen from which the above description was taken is the only one that has been seen by the town’s-people ; consequently I presume it is very scarce, at least in this part (Cla- rence) of the island. The natives say it destroys fowls, which here roost in the trees. Native name ‘Oko.’ This is evidently a generic term, as the same name is applied to my Striw Poensis. Buceros Poensts, Fraser. Female by dissection. Head and neck maroon, the feathers of the head standing out in apparent disorder, as in Buceros comatus ; the rest of the plumage black, the back and tail having bronze reflections ; the four outer tail-feathers terminated with white. Cere czerulean-blue ; upper part of throat-sac French-white, middle a blending of French-white and blue, terminated with czerulean-blue ; these fleshy parts are much wrinkled; legs and feet deep blue. Total length 30 inches; gape, 6; wing, 143; tail, 13; tarsi, 13. Hab. Fernando Po. Killed in the month of July, in deep moult. Native name, ‘Oon-cot-to.’ The natives say it cries, as it flies, ‘ How-oo-ar, how-oo-ar, how-oo-ar.’. Very shy. Makes its nest in holes of very large trees, in the dry season; lays two eggs. These birds used to be common in the neighbourhood of Clarence, but since the introduction of guns they have been much shot, and have retired to the mountain. Palm oil nuts, only, were found in the gizzard, which was soft, almost like a stomach ; skin very thin and difficult to prepare. Be- tween the skin and body appeared to be air-cells. The male is said to differ materially, but I have not been fortu- nate enough to procure a specimen. 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOURTEEN NEW SPECIES OF MACTRA, IN THE CoLLECTION oF Mr. Cumine. By G. P. Desuayes. 1. Macrra compianata, Desh. WM. testa transversin trigona, depressa, equilaterali, securiformi, levigata, alba, utroque latere equaliter obtusa; latere antico posticali equante; margine in- feriore acuto, regulariter arcuato; lunula magna, elongato-lan- ceolata, sulco impresso circumdata, in medio prominente; area elongata, ovato-lanceolata, impressa, plana, angulo duplici circum- scripta; umbonibus parvis, recurvis, acuminatis ; valvis tenuibus, intus candidissimis ; lamina cardinali lata, tenui; dentibus late- ralibus brevibus, lamellosis, triangularibus, abrupte truncatis; sinu pallit brevi, semielliptico, descendente. Hab, Yndian Ocean. Coll. Cuming and Deshayes. 15 2. Macrra sutcaTartisA, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, sub- equilaterali, turgidula, utraque extremitate equaliter obtusa, trans- versim sulcata, ad apices levigata, flava ; umbonibus depressis, vio- luceis, albo triradiatis, lunula areaque magnis, eleganter plicatis ; valvis intus albo-flavescentibus ; cardine angusto ; foveola ligamenti obliqua ; dentibus lateralibus compressis, brevibus. Hab. ——? Coll. Cuming. 8. Macrra Reever, Desh. M. testa rotundato-trigona, inflata, solida, subequilaterali, transversim obsolete striata, epidermide tenui, straminea, tenue striato-lamellosa, vestita, albo-rufescente, maculis sparsis, inequalibus, fuscis ornata, postice castaneo macu- lata; latere antico paulo breviore late rotundato; postico at- tenuato declivi, brevi, truncato ; umbonibus prominulis, approwi- matis, cordiformibus ; lunula cordiformi, plana, levigata; area magna, planulata, angulis duobus distantibus circumscripta ; car- dine crasso; fossula basi producta ; sinu pallit brevissimo, semi- circulari; valvis intus albis, in latere postico fusco maculatis. Hab. New Caledonia. Coll. Cuming. 4. Macrra pura, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, depressiuscula, crassa, solida, equilaterali, in medio gibbosiore, transversim in- equaliter et obsolete striata, candidissima, sub epidermide tenut flavescente ; umbonibus brevibus, depressis ; latere antico obtuso, postico subangulato; lunula obsolete circumscripta, ovato-elon- gata, eleganter plicata; area magna, angulo obtuso circumdata, linea impressa, marginata, plicata ; sinu pallit brevissimo, angusto, subsemicirculari. Hab. Australia. Coll. Cuming. 5. Macrra quapRanGuLarRis, Desh. WM. testa ovato-subqua- drangulari, tenui, tumida, cordiformi, subequilaterali, superne inferneque «qualiter convera, squalide albo-grisea, epidermide flavescente, tenuissima, vestita, transversim striata, ad umbones levigata ; latere antico subtruncato, lato, posticali subequante ; umbonibus tumidis, oblique cordatis, approximatis; lunula non circumscripta, eleganter plicata ; area ovata, zonula levigata, cir- cumdata, in medio plicata; valvis tenuibus, intus squalide albis, postice rubro-violascente maculatis ; cardine angusto, dentibus lateralibus lamellosis ; sinu pallii brevi, subtrigono, apice obtuso. Hab. Chinese Seas. Coll. Cuming. 6. Macrra vENERIFORMIS, Desh. WM. testa orbiculato-subtri- gona, inflata, convexissima, cordiformi, subequilaterali, antice obtusa, postice longiore, angulata, transversim regulariter striata, ad umbones levigata, squalide alba vel grisea, postice intus ex- tusque violaceo maculata; latere antico lato, obtuso, postico de- clivi, plano, angulo obtuso inferne terminato ; umbonibus tumidis, prominentibus, oblique cordatis; lunula areaque latis, ovatis, regulariter plicatis ; valvis intus albis, cardine angusto, dentibus lateralibus brevibus, crassis, prominentibus, equalibus ; sinu pallit brevi, lato, subsemicirculari. Hab. Seas of China and Japan. Coll. Cuming and Deshayes. 16 7. Mactra cornEA, Desh. WM. testa magna, ovato-trigona, tur- gida, tenui, inequilaterali, transversim tenue et irregulariter striata, squalide corneo-flavida, intus alba pallide violascente, zonulis saturatioribus interrupta ; latere antico breviori, late ob- tuso, subsemicirculari, latere postico attenuato, superne longe de- clivi, recto, inferne obtuse angulato ; margine inferiore regulariter convexo; lunula plana, indistincta, tenue striata; area elongato- lanceolata, excavata, angulo obtuso circumdata; umbonibus an- gustis, acutissimis, prominentibus, oblique incurvatis, violaceo- lividis ; cardine lato, tenui; dentibus lateralibus lamellosis, latis, postico longiore, cardine proximo; sinu pallii brevissimo, lato, obtuso, basi dilatato. Hab. Chinese Sea. Coll. Cuming. 8. Macrra eximsa, Desh. WM. testa ovato-transversa, equilate- rali, utroque latere equaliter obtusa, levigata, polita, epidermide decidua, flavescente vestita, pallide rufescente, eleganter albo mul- tiradiata, radtis inequalibus, inequaliter distantibus; lunula magna, ovata, in medio carinata, areaque eleganter plicatis ; um- bonibus tumidulis, acutis, oppositis ; valvis tenuibus, intus albis ; cardine angusto ; dentibus lateralibus magnis, lamellosis, inequa- libus, antico majore; sinu pallii brevissimo, lato, regulariter arcuato. Hab. Australia (Moreton Bay). Coll. Cuming. 9. Macrra mera, Desh. MM. testa ovato-trigona, turgidula, levigata, nitida, inequilaterali, corneo-flavicante, ad umbones rubescente, zonulis transversalibus saturatioribus, distanter inter- ruptis, intus corneo-rufescente ; latere antico paulo breviore, ob- tuso, superne declivi et convevxiusculo; latere postico attenuato, valde declivi, umbones versus convexiusculo ; umbonibus depressis, parum obliquis, approximatis, acutis ; lunula areaque ovatis, tumi- dulis, regulariter plicatis ; linea ventrali pallii latissima; sinu postico brevi, obtuso, ad apicem parum dilatato ; dentibus latera- libus magnis, compressis, lamellosis, in valva dextra duplicatis. Hab. Chinese Sea. Coll. Cuming. 10. Macrra opesa, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, inequilaterali, crassa, tumida, cordiformi, antice obtusa, postice angulata, levi- gata, alba, sub epidermide tenuissima griseo-flavescente, tenue et regulariter striata; umbonibus tumidulis, oblique cordatis; area lunulaque ovatis, regulariter striato-plicatis, planis ; valvis crassis, intus albis ; sinu pallit brevi, lato, semielliptico ; dentibus latera- libus compressis, antico breviore, eminentiore. Hab. Torres Straits. Coll. Cuming and Deshayes. 11. Macrra mrererricirormis, Desh. M. testa ovato-trigona, inflata, turgida, cordiformi, inequilaterali, levigata, albo-grisea, apicibus atro-violacea, epidermide fuscescente, transversim striata, vestita, antice obtusa, postice angustiore, angulata ; latere antico lato, plano, regulariter sulcato ; area elongato-ovata, angulo ob- tuso circumdata, eleganter sulcata; umbonibus tumidis, promi- nentibus, oblique cordatis ; valvis crassis, intus lilacinis ; cardine 17 angusto, in medio prominentiore ; dentibus lateralibus lamellosis, antico breviore et eminentiore ; sinu pallii brevi, lato, vie inflexo. Hab. Port Essington. Coll. Cuming. 12. Macrra Cuviert, Desh. WM. testa ovato-trigona, tenui, fra- gili, tumidissima, cordiformi, inequilaterali, trunsversim irregu- lariter et obsolete striata, cuticula tenuissima, pellucida, flaves- cente vestita, alba, radiis rubescentibus, roseo maculatis picta ; umbonibus tumidis, cordatis, involutis, oppositis, separatis ; latere antico longiore, tumido, dilatato, obtuso; lunula magna, ovata, concaviuscula, tenue et regulariter striata; latere postico brevi, declivi, sensim attenuato, subrostrato, cuneiformi; area angus- tissima, elongata, impressa, duplici, sulco marginata ; valvis tenu- ibus intus albis, in latere postico rufo-castaneo maculatis ; cardine angusto, dentibus lateralibus lamellosis, brevibus, prominentibus ; sinu pallit lato, brevissimo, Hab. Molluccas. Coll. Cuming. 13. Macrra #QUILATERALIS, Desh. WM. testa triangulari, equi- laterali, tumida, levigata, antice striata, albo-grisea, cuticula fla- vescente vestita, antice posticeque angulata, latere antico posticali subequante, latere postico plano, lato, angulo acuto circum- scripto ; lunula permagna, depressa, areaque levigatis; valvis crassis, intus nitidis, albo-griseis ; cardine angusto, crasso, brevi ; dente cardinali parvo, dentibus lateralibus crassis, brevibus, an- tico longiore ; sinu pallii lato, profundo, semielliptico. Hab. New Zealand. Coll. Cuming. 14. Macrra symmetrica, Desh. UM. testa trigona, equilaterali, turgidula, levigata, nitida, ad marginem inferiorem transversim sulcata, pallide flavicante, lateribus equaliter declivibus et atte- nuatis, superne convexiusculis, margine inferiore regulariter ar- cuato ; lunula areaque equalibus, eleganter striato-plicatis, pli- cis ad peripheriam abrupte terminatis ; umbonibus minimis, acutis, oppositis, antice macula violacea notatis ; cardine angusto, fossula brevi, luta, dentibus lateralibus subequalibus, parum prominenti- bus ; sinu pallii brevi, angusto, obtuso, horizontali. Hab. New Caledonia. Coll. Cuming. 3. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF CLEMENTIA, IN THE COLLECTION OF HuGH Cuming, Esa. By G. P. DesHayes. 1. Crementia Strancet, Desh. C. testa ovato-subtrigona, ob- lique inequilaterali, tenui, papyracea, candida, translucida, trans- versim regulariter intus extusque plicata et obsolete striata, antice brevi, lata, obtusissima, postice angustiore, obtusa; umbonibus prominulis, parum obliquis ; lunula vie distincta, depressa ; area angusta, sublevigata ; sinu pallii elongato, triangulari, ad apicem convexiusculo, oblique ascendente. Hab. Australia (Moreton Bay). Coll. Cuming. No. CCXLIX.—Proceepinecs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 18 2. CiuementiA Moretonensis, Desh. C. testa ovato-subtri- gona, turgidula, inequilaterali, candida, opaca, calcarea, trans- versim irregulariter rugoso-striata, punctis confusis, irregulari- bus, dense aspersa; latere antico brevi, lato, obtuso, postico de- clivi, obtuso ; umbonibus acutis, prominulis, obliquis ; lunula de- pressa, ovato-oblonga, vie distincta; area profunda, levigata, angulo obtuso circumdata ; valvis tenuibus, fragilibus, intus can- didissimis ; sinu pallii maximo, trigono, basi late aperto, lateribus angulum fere rectum formantibus. Hab. Australia (Moreton Bay). Coll. Cuming. February 8, 1853. John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read. :— 1. Descrirrions OF SOME New Species or ENTOZOA FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE British Museum. By W. Barrp, M.D., F.L.S. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. XXXI.) Class Enrozoa. Order NEMATOIDEA. Family Ascarip&. Genus ASCARIS. 1. ASCARIS SIMILIS. Ascaris similis, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 19. t. 1. f. 1. Head small; mouth with three small valves slightly projecting be- yond the margin. Anterior portion of body much narrower than posterior. Tail rounded, thick, obtuse. Females spirally twisted in many convolutions ; of a dark olive colour. Males straight to within a short distance of tail, which is inflected ; of a whitish colour. Skin of body minutely and finely striated across. Wing extending along the whole length and becoming thicker and stronger at inferior ex- tremity. Length of male 2 inches, breadth 1 line. Length of female 13 inch, breadth 3 of a line. This species resembles the 4, osculata from the Phoca vitulina, but differs in having the wing stronger and thicker at inferior extre- mity, in having the head and mouth smaller, and in the skin of the body being finely striated across. Hab. Stomach of a Seal from Antarctic Seas ; collected during the late Antarctic expedition. Brit. Mus. =f Proc. ZS, Annulosa. XXX RAP oi a | - o = = : § © i G.H.Ford. Irth, # Ford & Vest, Tmp LAscaris leevissima. Baird 2.Mermis rigidusB. 3.Cardms violaceus.B. 4 C.pustulosus.B §.G.spaerura.5. 6.C.fasciatus.B. 7 Pentastama annulatum.B. 19 2. Ascaris LavisstmA. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 1.) Ascaris levissima, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 25. Head small, in form of a narrow circular rim; valves of mouth large and distinct, of a triangular shape, divided at the tip into two lobes, each of which again is broadly emarginate. Between each of the valves, at their base, is a small smooth tubercle or prominence. Body round, very smooth, of a rather dark olive colour, marked with numerous very fine smooth longitudinal les, and occasional very distinct red circular lines at irregular distances ; tapering at both ex- tremities, narrower at posterior extremity. Qn each side of the body is a smooth narrow band of a lighter colour, which runs the whole length, and has the appearance at first sight of a wing, but is not raised. Length 10 inches; greatest breadth 4 lines. Hab. ? India; from the Collection of General Hardwicke. Brit. Mus. 3. ASCARIS BIFARIA. Ascaris bifaria, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 26. t. 1. f. 2. Head rather small; valves rounded, wrinkled transversely and slightly bifid at the upper margin. Body round, much narrower at anterior than posterior extremity. Anterior third of body surrounded with numerous very close-set, circular, raised strie. Remainder of body smooth, with the strize not raised and about one-fourth of a line apart from each other, till within about half an inch of inferior ex- tremity, which is large and obtuse, when it again becomes surrounded with numerous raised circular lines or striee which give it a wrinkled appearance. The tail terminates in a papilla, and the anus is lunar- shaped and situate at the base of the papilla about half a line from the extremity. The whole surface, in addition to the raised lines or strie, is covered with exceedingly fine and immensely numerous striee. A line runs down each side of the body throughout its whole length. Length 9 inches, breadth 5 lines. Hab. ? From Korea. Collected by Capt. Sir E. Belcher, C.B. Brit. Mus. Family Gorpi1pz. Genus Merits. 1. MERMIS SPIRALIS. Mermis spiralis, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 35. t. 1. f. 3. About 7 inches in length and } mill. in breadth ; of a red colour, rigid and twisted into many spiral convolutions. Anterior and poste- rior extremities obtuse. Body of equal size throughout and quite smooth. Hab. Abdomen of a species of Grasshopper from Rio Janeiro. Brit. Mus. 2. Mermis rigipus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 2.) Mermis rigidus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 35. Body of a light amber colour, smooth and very shining, narrow at upper extremity, very soon becoming thicker and terminating at 20 inferior extremity in an obtusely conical point. The animal is very rigid and stiff throughout its whole length. Length 10% inches, breadth about 3 a line. Hab. ? Coll. Brit. Mus. Genus GorpIwvs. A. Body smooth. 1. GoRDIUS PLATYURA. Gordius platyura, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 36. t. 1.f. 4. Body of a uniform dull white colour, quite smooth, with a depressed line on one side throughout its whole length, obscurely ringed at un- equal distances, narrower at anterior extremity and terminating in a broad flattish tail, which is slightly bifid. Length of animal 32 inches, breadth of middle portion of body about } a line; tail 1 line broad. Hab. Jamaica? From the Collection of Sir Hans Sloane. Brit. Mus. ° B. Epidermis granulated. 2. GORDIUS VERRUCOSUS. Gordius verrucosus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 36. t. 1. f. 5. Body black, covered all over with innumerable small, raised warty papillee, round and very stiff like a piece of wire. An impressed line runs on each side through the whole length. Head small. Anterior extremity narrower than posterior, Length 6 inches, breadth about + a line. Hab. 8. Africa? (Male). From the Collection of Dr. A. Smith. Brit. Mus. 3. Gorpius viotacEus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 3.) Gordius violaceus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 36. Body of a dark brown colour; apparently srnooth, but under a high magnifying power completely covered with small flattish-look- ing papillze, and ringed transversely with very slightly raised circular lines, about one-half or one-third of a millimetre apart from each other ; tapering slightly at upper extremity, and gradually becoming thicker at inferior. Along the whole length of the body, on each side, runs a pretty deep sulcus or groove, interrupting the circular Ines. Length 11 inches 3 lines, breadth about 3 a line. epg Abdomen of Carabus violaceus from Berwickshire. Brit. Vis. 4. Gorvivs pustuLosus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 4.) Gordius pustulosus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 37. Body of a light brown colour, not ringed across, completely covered with minute flattish-looking papille, and numerous larger raised dots or small warty protuberances intermixed, tapering considerably at superior extremity, and becoming gradually thicker towards the tail, which is obtuse and marked across with a deep indentation. 2] Along the whole length of the body runs a deep groove on one side only. Length 8} inches, breadth } mill. Hab. Abdomen of Blaps obtusa, from the neighbourhood of Lon- don. Brit. Mus. When brought to the Museum it had just emerged from the Blaps, and was then 4 inches long and about the diameter of a horse-hair. It was placed in water and kept alive for a day or two, at the end of which time it had grown to double its original size, in both length and diameter. 5. Gorpius sPH#RURA. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 5.) Gordius spherura, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 112. Male: nearly black, quite smooth, flattened throughout its whole length, and nearly of equal size throughout. Length 16 inches, breadth 3 a line. Female: of a dark brown, smooth, but rather deeply. notched across, the notched lines occurring now on one side, now on another, but never going quite round the body, and at times presenting an appearance as if it were divided into numerous segments. The body is of nearly equal size throughout its length till it reaches the tail, which is somewhat swollen and club-shaped. Length 14 inches, breadth about J line. Hab. Khasyan Hills, India. Collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker. Brit. Mus. 6. Gorpius rascratus. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 6.) Body smooth, skin prettily shagreened with very fine lines cross- ing each other in opposite directions, of a light colour banded with broad patches of dark brown. Anterior extremity smaller than posterior, and roughened with raised circular ridges, which extend for about three lines, and as well as posterior extremity of a very dark colour, almost black. Length 113 inches, breadth about 1 milli- metre. Only one specimen ¢?. Hab. N. America. Brit. Mus. Order ACANTHOTHECA. Genus PENTASTOMA. 1. PENTASTOMA MEGACEPHALUM. Pentastoma megacephalum, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 39.t.2.f.1. Female: body yellowish white, somewhat depressed and termi- nating anteriorly in a large, thick, club-shaped head. The dorsal surface is depressed at the edges, rounded and very prominent in the centre and transversely ridged. The ventral surface is more flattened, ridged and wrinkled ; with the mouth in a hollow depres- sion, surrounded by four strong, brown, simple hooks. The part of the body immediately beneath the head is very strongly ridged 22 transversely, each of the first six ridges being wavedly wrinkled. The length of the whole body is about 11 lines. The head is 5 lines broad, and the middle portion of the body about 35 lines, dimi- nishing in size towards the tail. The oviduct is very long, the por- tion outside the body being 2 inches in length. ? Male? Longer than female, about 14 lines long; covered with a smooth skin which is slightly ridged across, and has at its inferior extremity a small sharp papilla, about 2 of a line in length and brown at the tip (the penis?). The inferior extremity is rounder than in the female, but otherwise the form of the animal is nearly the same. Hab. Imbedded in the flesh of the head of a Soonderbund Croco- dile, Crocodilus palustris, from India. Brit. Mus. 2. PENTASTOMA ANNULATUM. (Annulosa, Pl. XXX. fig. 7.) Pentastoma annulatum, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 113. Body white, elongate-cylindrical, nearly of the same size at each extremity, strongly ringed; rings raised, about twenty-eight in number, one line distant from each other. A dark blue line runs through the whole length of body on one side. Circumference of body 5 lines, length of body 2} inches. Hab. In the lungs of the Egyptian Cobra, Naja Haye. Collection of Dr. Crisp. Order TREMATODA. Genus Distoma. 1. DistoMA MICROCEPHALUM. Distoma microcephalum, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 58. t. 2. f. 2. Body of an elongated oval or lanceolate shape, of a slightly yellow- ish white colour, plicated transversely, the folds being very fine ; head narrow, obtuse, separated from the body by a contraction; pos- terior extremity obtusely lanceolate ; dorsal surtace slightly convex ; ventral surface nearly flat or somewhat concave ; anterior sucker small, terminal; ventral sucker larger, round, prominent, sur- rounded by au elevated thickened edge, and situated within 3 milli- metres of the former; organs of generation placed half-way between the two suckers in the form of an elevated papilla. Length from 6 to 8 lines, greatest breadth 1} line. Hab. Stomach of the spinous Shark, Acanthias vulgaris, from Falmouth Harbour. Brit. Mus. Order CesTorpEA. Genus TETRARHYNCHUS. 1. TeTRARHYNCHUS RUGOSUS. Tetrarhynchus rugosus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 69, t. 2. f. 3. Body flattish, thick, exceedingly rugose, almost tuberculated, the ruge extending right across the body, which is of a white colour. 23 Head conical, thicker than the body and about one-fifth the length of it. Bothria inversely heart-shaped (the broader part being at the lower margin), deep, divided at the bottom by a narrow septum ; edges thick and raised. Proboscides round and club-shaped at their tips. Inferior extremity of body, as it were, truncate. Total length (in spirits) 103 lines, breadth of head 23 lines, of lower part of body 3 lines, bothria 2 lines in length. In one specimen the head is much broader than the inferior extre- mity of the body, being about 3 lines broad, while the inferior extre- mity is only 2 lines and is terminated by a heart-shaped appendage of about 1 line long and of a light-rose colour (the male’). Hab. Taken alive from the lower intestine of a salmon. Brit. Mus. 2. TETRARHYNCHUS STRANGULATUS. Tetrarhynchus strangulatus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 69, tab. 2. f. 4. Body flat, of a light yellowish colour, thickish, elegantly and mi- nutely striated across and marked with slight longitudinal sulci, which run the whole length of the body. The head is narrower than the portion of the body which immediately succeeds it, is about 4 lines in length, longitudinally sulcated on the sides, smooth on the two faces, and distinctly separated from the body by a contraction which gives the appearance, as it were, of a shoulder to the com- mencement of the body. The bothria are shallow, oval-shaped and divided at the bottom by a septum, which, at about the half of its length, divides into two portions; the edges are raised and thickened. Proboscides short and stout; the inferior part of the body terminates in a blunt conical papilla. Length from 1} to 23 inches; breadth from 2 to 34 lines. Hab. ? From Chusan. Brit. Mus. Genus TANIA. 1. Tania BREMSERI. Tenia Bremseri, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 73, t. 2. f. 5. Head of a moderate size, surrounded with a double crown composed of upwards of twenty small hooks; neck very short. Articulations of body numerous, at first very small and nearly oblong, gradually enlarging in size as they descend, and becoming campanulate. They are marked with numerous fine transverse lines, which again are crossed by several strong longitudinal lines or grooves. The inferior angles of each joint are slightly prolonged into a point, and the margin is somewhat thickened (especially in the lower joints of body) and undulately waved or slightly scalloped. Orifices of ovaries irregularly alternate. Length of specimens about 7 inches; greatest breadth about 23 lines. Hab. In the Crocodile of the Soonderbund, Crocodilus palustris, from Bengal. Brit. Mus. 24 2. Tmnza caLvA. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI. fig. 1.) Tenia calva, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 83. Head small, rounded and smooth, white and shining. Mouth unarmed. Neck constricted. Articulations of body at first very small, gradually enlarging in breadth as they descend till they reach about the middle of the body, where they are still narrow, linear- shaped and about seven times broader than long. After this they begin to increase in length and diminish in breadth, becoming at first nearly square, and at last, near the extremity, nearly twice as long as broad. All the articulations are strongly striated across, and the upper and lower margins, where they join with each other, are con- siderably thickened. Length 53 inches, greatest breadth 33 lmes, breadth of lower extremity 1 millimetre, of head {th of a mill. Had. Intestines of the common Grouse, Lagopus Scoticus. Brit. Mus. 3. Tania Goezil. Tenia Goezii, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 78. Articulations of body very short and numerous. Inferior margins straight. Genital orifices opposite, situated on or near the lower edge of each joint; the lemniscus projected out in form of an ele- vated papilla which curves downwards. Unfortunately the head is wauting. Greatest breadth of body 6 lines, length of articulations about 4 a line. This species differs from T. expansa and denticulata (to which species it approaches) in having the posterior or inferior border or edge of each articulation smooth and rounded, instead of being cre- nulated or undulated ; and in having the genital orifices situated on the lower edge of the articulation, instead of in the middle. Hab. ? Brit. Mus. 4, Tanta ZepERI. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI. fig. 2.) Tenia Zederi, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 85. Articulations of body of moderate size, campanulate-shaped, lower margins of each more or less crenated and thickened ; at first they are short, they then become longer and narrower as they descend. The greatest breadth is about 2 lines. The whole body is of a yellow- ish-white colour. Unfortunately the specimens are imperfect at the upper extremity and want the head. The orifices of the genital organs are irregularly alternate. Hab. Stomach of a Penguin from the Antarctic Seas. Collected during the late Antarctic expedition. Brit. Mus. 5. Tania FALCIFoRMIs. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI. fig. 3.) Tenia faleiformis, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 116. Head conical; proboscis unarmed? ; suckers large, oval-shaped ; no neck ; body at anterior extremity very narrow, almost linear, gradually enlarging as it descends; articulations very numerous, extremely narrow. The body is flat and is curved like a sickle. Proc. 7.8. Annulosa. XXXI Ford & West, Imp as I GH Ford lith. D 1 Teenia Ried 27 ZederiB. 3T falciformis B. 4Bothriocephalus antarcticus.B 25 Genital orifices part | line. Hab. Mus. ? Length about 23 inches, breadth at broadest ? Collected during the Euphrates expedition. Brit. Genus BoTHRIOCEPHALUS. 1. BoruriocePHALus ANTARCTICUS. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXI. fig. 4.) Bothriocephalus antarcticus, Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 90. Head conical, elongated, smooth, with two lateral opposite fossettes. At the lower margin of each fossette there are two small rounded projecting lobes. Body rounded; from the neck someway downwards it is quite round or cylindrical, and the articulations are very numerous and very small, appearing like mere ridges across. Lower down, the body becomes flatter and the joints larger and more deve- loped ; lower margin thin. An impressed line runs along the centre of the body through its whole length. Length about 9 inches, greatest breadth of body about 3 lines. Hab. In the stomach and intestines of a Seal caught about and within the Antarctic Circle. Collected during the late Antarctic Expedition. Brit. Mus. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Pu. XXX. . Ascaris levissima, Baird :—nat. size. 1a. Head :—magnified. eal Fig. 2. Mermis rigidus, Baird :—nat. size. Fig. 3. Gordius violaceus, Baird :—nat. size. 3a. Portion of body :—magnified. Fig. 4. Gordius pustulosus, Baird :—nat. size. 4a. Portion of body :—magnified. Fig. 5. Gordius spherura, Baird :—uat. size. 5a. Portion of body :—magnified. Fig. 6. Gordius fasciatus, Baird :—nat. size. 6a. Portion of body :—magnified. ad . Pentastoma annulatum, Baird :—nat. size. 7a. Head :—magnified. Pu. XXXI. . 1. Tenia calva, Baird :-—nat. size. 1a. Head :—magnified. . Tenia Zederi, Baird :—nat. size. - Tenia faleiformis, Baird :—nat. size. 3a. Head :—magnified. . Bothriocephalus antarcticus, Baird :—nat. size. 4a. Head :—magnified. ee seed Pope 2. DrscripTion or THE ANIMAL OF CYCLINA SINENSIS. By Dr. Jounw Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. The description of this animal was written some ten or twelve years ago, from a specimen kindly given to me by Mr. John Reeves, to whom we are indebted for the knowledge of the greater part of the animals of China and Japan now known to zoologists. The animal in most particulars agrees with that of the genus Do- sinia, next to which I proposed to place it, in my paper on the arrangement of the genera of Veneride, published in the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ for January 1853. M. Deshayes regards Venus Chinensis as the type of the genus 26 Cyclina. In his late monograph he has united to this genus the Lucinopsis of Messrs. Forbes and Hanley; but the description of the animal here given will show that Lucinopsis is a very distinct genus, for it has separate siphons, whilst the type of the genus has the siphons united as in the other Dosiniana. It differs from Do- sinia in the absence of the anterior lateral tooth. CYCLINA SINENSIS. Mantle lobes free the whole length of the lower margin, the lobes then with a series of radiating muscular bands, a little within the edge ; united together behind and extended into a compressed, rather slender, elongated siphon, grooved along the centre of each side and ending with two apertures; the retractor muscles of the siphons an- gular; the foot (in spirits) rhombic, very much compressed, inferior, subcentral, the lower angle rather produced in front; the lips equal, very long, slender, triangular, more than half the length of the foot ; the gills large, oblong, elongate, equal. The crenated margins of the valves of the shell are covered with the inflexed edge of the hard periostraca; the siphonal inflection is angular. 3. MonoGrara OF THE Genus ASGOsoMA, SERVILLE, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES ALLIED TO IT. By Apvam Wurtz, F.L.S. The genus Agosoma was formed by M. Serville for the reception of a longicorn beetle, first described by Scopoli under the name of Cerambyz scabricornis. In this genus the head is produced behind the eyes into a kind of neck, unlike its congeners, which have the head retracted into the thorax as far as the eyes. The prothorax is trapezoidal and contracted in front; the ovipositor of the female is long and prominent; the antenne in the males are rough, in the females smooth. The larva of the European species is found in the trunks of various kinds of trees ; the perfect insect, according to M. Mulsant, appears at Lyons in the month of July, and is active at night. M. Serville alludes to a second species, which he had seen in the collection of M. Dejean, where it bore the name 4g. affine ; in the following little monograph will be found descriptions of five new species, all con- tained in the collection of the British Museum. ARGOSOMA. 4igosoma, Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.i. 162.—Cerambyz, p. Scop. — Prionus, p. Fabr. 1. AiGOSOMA SCABRICORNE. Cerambyz scabricornis, Scop. Ent. Carn. 54. Prionus scabricornis, Fabr. Syst. El. ii. 258; Oliv. Col. iv. t. 11. f. 42.9; Latr. R. A. v. p. 108. 27 Aigosoma scabricorne, Serv. Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. i. 163; Mulsant, Col. de France, 1. p. 24. Hab. Europe. Coll. Brit. Mus. 2. /EGosoma sinicum, White. Ag. nigro-brunneum, thorace medio postice recto, scutello apice subelongato.—Long. lin. 18. Hab. Shanghai, N. China (Mr. Fortune). Coll. Brit. Mus. There is a female of this species in the Museum; it comes from Shanghai, and differs but little from the corresponding sex of the Aigosoma scabricorne ; it is of a darker brown, the posterior margin of the thorax over the scutellum is straight, and not slightly notched as in that species; the scutellum also is more pointed. 3. ASGOSOMA ORNATICOLLE, White. 4g. capite et thorace ni- gris, verrucis minutis scabriusculis ; thorace plagis quatuor pilis aureis tectis; elytris obscure ferrugineo-brunneis, sutura (apice spinigera) margineque nigris ; antennarum articulis ter- tio quarto et quinto basi asperis.—Long. lin. 25. Hab. b. Indies. Coll. Brit. Mus. Head black, covered with small warts, with a smooth lie down the middle, ending in a small smooth depression in the space between the antennz. Mandibles strongly punctured, tips and inner edge smooth: antennz with the basal jot thickly covered with small warts; the third, fourth and fifth scabrous, the projections more distant from each other than they are on the basal joint; sixth and following joints short and smooth. Thorax thickly covered with small warts, with four small spots covered with golden yellow hairs; two of these spots on the fore-margin, two on the posterior margin, somewhat more distant from each other than the two fore ones; the hairs are all more or less directed towards the centre of the spot. Elytra smooth, dull ferruginous brown, the suture and margins black, the suture spined at the apex. 4. ASGOSOMA MARGINALE. Cerambyx marginalis, Fabr. Syst. El. ii. 280. Hab. China, Hong Kong (J. C. Bowring, Esq.) ; Cape. of Good Hope (Fabr.). Coll. Brit. Mus. 5. Aicosoma CrincGaLense, White. Ay. antennarum articulis tertio et quarto scabriusculis et breviter pilosis ; thorace spina brevi laterali, dorso excavato ; elytris costatis pilisque flaves- centibus tectis, sutura apice mutica.—Long. lin. 17-203. Hab. Ceylon. Coll. Brit. Mus. and Capt. Parry. Head between and behind the eyes more or less covered with de- cumbent yellowish hairs ; antenne with the basal joint scabrous and punctured ; third joint very long, slightly curved, somewhat rough, and rather thickly covered with short yellowish hairs; fourth joint as long as the fifth and sixth joints taken together, somewhat bent, rather rough, and covered with short yellowish hairs, except at the tip, which is smooth: the fifth and following joints without hairs. Thorax with the sides angled, the angle terminating in a 98 small sharpish spine; the posterior edge margined ; middle of the back hollowed out, sides somewhat nodulose ; surface punctured and more or less thickly covered with yellowish adpressed hairs. Scu- tellum with yellowish adpressed hairs. Elytra very long, rather flat, with two or three not very prominent cost, and rendered less distinct. by the yellowish adpressed hairs which more or less thickly cover the surface; end of the elytra gradually rounded off; suture without a spine. Abdomen beneath smooth, shining. Legs com- pressed, somewhat scabrous, brown, with shortish yellow hairs. 6. A.Gosoma SULCIPENNE, White. Ag. thoracis lateribus sub- parallelis ; elytris tricostatis, apice spina suturali, costis dua- bus interioribus post medium confluentibus, ad apicem intus curvatis ; antennis levibus, cinnamomeis.—Long. lin. 10-113. Hab. E. Indies, Tenasserim (J. D. C. Packman, Esq.). Coll. Brit. Mus. Head smooth, not grooved down the middle, chestnut-brown, with some scattered short yellowish hairs; antennze smooth, cinnamon- brown; first jomt strongly punctured. Thorax straight in front, the sides nearly parallel, the posterior angle somewhat projecting ; the surface slightly scabrous, and rather closely covered with short golden yellow hairs. Elytra with three prominent keels, the two inner confluent beyond the middle of the elytra and continued in a single keel, which is bent inwards near the tip; the outer keel some- what waved and slightly curved at the end; in the space between it and the other there is a shorter and less distinct keel, which about the middle of the elytra passes into small tubercles; the shoulders and sides of the keels and the spaces between them at the base are more or less covered with small tubercles; the spaces between the keels have many short golden yellow adpressed hairs. The spime at the end of the suture is sharp, as is the outer margin of the elytra. Legs compressed, brown. 7. ASGOSOMA TIBIALE, White. Ag. thoracis lateribus unispino- sis, angulis posticis acutis, fere spinosis ; elytris levibus, costa media distincta, alteraque ad suturam abbreviata ; suture apice spinoso ; tibiis crassis, tarsis angustis.—Long. lin. 183. Hab. N. India. Coll. Brit. Mus. Head short, slightly grooved between the eyes, under side of head rough. Antenne with the first, second, third and fourth joints thickly covered with small warts. Thorax with a spine on the lateral edge about the middle, separated from the produced, somewhat re- flected posterior angle by a rounded sinus ; surface covered with small warts and outstanding inconspicuous hairs. Scutellum punctured, with a raised line in the middle of the base. Elytra smooth, dark brown, with a distinct costa running nearly to the tip, and another between that and the suture, vanishing about the middle of the suture ; elytra rounded at the tip, the suture with a short spine. Legs with the femora and tibiz thick, the tarsi narrow. 29 Cyrtonops, White, n. g. Head with largish eyes, which are hardly if at all emarginated. Palpi long, with the terminal joint nearly twice the length of the pre- ceding, obliquely truncated at the tip and covered on each side with shortish hairs*. Antennze cylindrical, covered with small hairs, third joint not much longer than the fourth. Thorax rather wider than long, the sides angulated. Elytra with the sides nearly parallel. Legs simple ; tibize compressed, and more or less thickly covered with short hairs. CYRTONOPS PUNCTIPENNIS, White. OC. brunneo-cinnamomeus, pilis brevibus erectis flavis tectus ; thorace punctato; scutello pilis adpressis tecto. lytris obscure tricostatis profunde punctatis, punctis longitudinaliter ordinatis.—Long. lin. 9-11. Hab. India. Coll. Brit. Mus. Of a rich cinnamon-brown, closely covered with short erect yellow- ish hairs. Thorax irregularly punctured, the punctures running into each other and sometimes leaving small smooth spaces. Scutellum rounded at the end, covered with short hairs, which lie close to the surface. Elytra with three rather indistinct longitudinal coste ; sur- face, except at the tip, with many deep punctures, more or less regu- larly arranged in lines; between these are smaller punctures, from which proceed the hairs. 4. NotrEs oN THE Bovine ANIMALS OF THE MAtaAy PENINSULA. By GreorcGe WINbDsoR BARL. 1. The Sapi, or Wild Ox of the Malay Peninsula, was scarcely known to exist until 1850, when Dr. Oxley, and a hunting-party from Singapore, killed a young cow on the banks of the Muah River. He described it as 6 feet 2 inches high at the shoulder, from hoof to dorsal vertebree ; back curved, highest about the centre. Horns small, curved inwards, white, tipped with black. Forehead flat, with tuft of long hair, large in the bulls. Hair smooth and silky. Colour brown, with white about the feet. Mane 2 inches long, running along the entire back. No dewlap. The bulls are from 7 to 7} feet high. The flesh is described as delicious. Calves could be obtained with a little trouble, but I suspect it would be difficult to get a full-grown animal ; but he would be worth something if caught. 2. The Saladang, another species of wild cattle, is even less known than the Sapi, as no specimen has yet been shot by Europeans. It seems to me to be a sort of Bison, or Bos Gaurus. The males are 10 feet high at the shoulder, and they are altogether fiercer and more formidable than the Sapi, but not so graceful. In my opinion it would be worth while for the Zoological Society to send a man out expressly for the purpose of bringing home specimens of these two * In one of the specimens there is a curious malformation of the palpi; from the third joint proceed two longish hairy joints, one of them bent. 30 beasts. The Muah River, where both varieties abound, would be the best spot to seek them; and Inchi Basow, a Malay chief who takes great delight in hunting, would soon procure live specimens of each at a small expense. 3. The Water Buffalo does not seem to be known in England, although it is common all over the Archipelago. The larger speci- mens stand 7 feet at the shoulder, sometimes more. Barrel very large. Legs short and strong. Skin black and wrinkled, and almost hairless, like that of the Elephant. It is amphibious, and has been known to swim across straits as wide as the Channel at Dover; in fact, the way the head is set on the body, with the nose up, and the horns lying along the back, shows that it is more adapted for the water than the land, although it is an excellent draught animal, and at Singapore supplies the place of the Elephant. 4. The Domestic Ox of Bali and Lombok, a large, sleek, thin- skinned species, as graceful as the Antelope. This would be very much admired in the Gardens. Specimens can be obtained at Sin- gapore, but it would be better to get them from Lombok, whence ships now come direct to England with cargoes of rice. Mr. Lange of Bali Badong (merchant) would, I have no doubt, forward speci- mens at a trifling cost. 5. Extracts rrom A Letrer spy Mr. H. Cuurton, rEsPEcT- ING CoLLectTions In New Zeatanp. CoMMUNICATED BY Mr. J. STEVENS. Wanganui, July 24, 1851. You can form no idea of the great trouble and expense attending a journey such as you recommend in search of the Notornis. In the first place, the nature of the country is such, that it is almost im- possible to penetrate in search of anything; they can only be ob- tained by the merest chance, or from the natives. In most of the places where birds are to be obtained you cannot proceed without cutting your way, and the fern and shrubs are so thick and high, that if a bird rises close to you you cannot see it. This is the case with the Pakeko. I have been frequently in places abounding with them and not got a shot, though they were flying all about me; the Notornis being of similar habit will be equally difficult to obtain. In the next place, I should have to charter a small vessel for two months at least, to take tents, provisions, &c. for myself and men, to be away from home for perhaps three months, and all for the very slight chance of meeting with a very rare bird: perhaps ten years ago, when I did not mind moving, I might have gone, but now I am snug and comfortable here there is no chance of it; so for me the Notornis must remain. There are no positively authentic accounts of living Moas. I have paid some attention to the subject, and have heard nothing yet that can be relied on. I think it possible that one species (not the largest) may yet be discovered in the Middle Island, but it will probably be some time first, as even the discovery of that bird will hardly pay a 3] man for undergoing such fatigue and danger as would be necessary if a person went in search for it. See Mr. Brunner’s journal, who was eighteen months exploring about 150 miles, and who, had it not been for his native companions, must have been starved if he had twenty lives. The Kakapo is now pretty well known; it appears to be tolerably abundant on the Middle Island, though probably quite or nearly ex- tinct on this. I have seen several specimens, and the Acheron steamer on her late expedition I believe obtained a great many, as well as Kiwis, so that, on her return to England, I suppose there will be plenty. I have had good accounts from the natives of a very large Kiwi existing within their memory, but now supposed to be extinct on this island ; it is represented as being at least four feet high. Perhaps that may be still found on the other island. There are also names for five or six other good-sized ground birds, such as large rails, &c., lately existing here, but since the introduction of so many dogs and cats, supposed to be extinct. One was shot the other day near the town, of a species of which I had seen but one specimen previously ; it may be Rallus assimilis, but I have not the skins to compare. There is also, about thirty miles from here, a very pretty little duck _or teal, which is not described. These are the only novelties I have seen since my return. I have had several Kiwis brought me, and also a few eggs; I had one for breakfast, which was very good and quite enough for one. I sent one last year to the British Museum. I have made many inquiries about the extinct native rat, but there are certainly none now to be obtained, though formerly they were so numerous as to form a principal article in feasts, and were considered avery great delicacy ; they lived on berries, &c., and were like lumps of fat; it is possible they were a kind of opossum rather than a rat. The last were seen here about ten years ago; but the cats and rats, of which the woods are now full everywhere, have destroyed them all. I think there are two kinds of native mice here; one, a sort of shrew, which my dog formerly often caught in the swamps, but which I have not seen lately; another, a little blackish one, found about fields and gardens ; this one I have only seen since my return. The natives do not know it, and confound it with the common house mouse, but I do not think it can be an introduced species, as in that case it would scarcely so quickly be found in thousands over so large a tract of country as that in which it was observed last year (I have seen none lately), but rather believe it to be an indigenous species, which from some unknown cause appeared for a short time in astonishing num- bers, and then as strangely disappeared. Insects are so very few, that they are really not worth the great trouble of looking after. I have seen no new species since my return. I know of only five or six butterflies. The largest land shell here is a flat snail, about a quarter of an inch in diameter. 32 6. On THE Drvision or CTENOBRANCHOUS GASTEROPODOUS Mo.Luvusca INTO LARGER GROUPS AND FAMILIES. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.8. erc. Cuvier, Dumeril, and Lamarck separated the Gasteropodous Mol- lusca with pectinated or comb-like gills, into two divisions, accord- ing as they possessed or were without a siphon to facilitate the ad- mission of water to their gills, probably being influenced by pre- ceding conchologists, who had in a similar marner divided the spiral shells into those which had an entire, or an emarginated, or a chan- nelled mouth. Lamarck called those with a siphon Zoophaga, and those without it Phytophaga, believing the food of the molluscs to be indicated by the form of the mantle. As we have become more acquainted with the habits of the Mollusca, it has been observed that many of the animals without any siphon to the mantle, as Natica, Scalaria, Ianthina, &e., are quite as carnivorous as those which have the siphon most perfectly developed; on the other hand, Lamarck found it requisite to arrange many genera, as Cerithiuwm, Melanopsis, Planazis, &e., with the Phytophaga with entire mouths, though the animals have as well-developed siphons, and the shells as distinct a canal or siphonal notch, as any of the genera of Zoophagous Mol- lusca. These divisions, however, have been almost universally adopted. Dr. Lovén, in his paper on the Scandinavian Mollusca and on the Tongues of these animals, divided the Gasteropoda into natural families independent of these divisions, and Dr. Troschel in his arrangement of Mollusca has followed the same course, separating the families into groups according to the structure of their tongues. The observations which Dr. Troschel made on the arrangement which I published in Mrs. Gray’s work, ‘ Figures of Molluscous Animals,’ have induced me to reconsider the subject, consult again all the authorities, and examine the tongues of the molluscous animals which have been lately received at the Museum collections. Being impressed with the importance which Dr. Lovén attached to the form of the mouth, I was induced to pay attention to this charac- ter, and I believe that it affords a much more natural means of sepa- rating the families into two great groups, than the presence or absence of the siphon of the mantle, and one which appears to be more con- sistent with the habits of the animal and much less liable to excep- tions. I may observe in passing, that some of the French zoologists do not appear to have been impressed with its importance, for MM. Quoy and Gaimard in some few instances erroneously represent some of the species of a genus, a Murex and Terebra for example, as having a rostrum, while the greater part of the species are properly represented without it, and as having a proboscis; and the same may ~- be remarked of some of the more modern figures of these animals, I fully expect that many naturalists, especially those who have chiefly confined their studies to the external form of the shell or to the fossil species, will consider that the system here proposed is very artificial, as it separates from one another many genera and families which they have regarded as being very nearly allied, or as belonging 33 to the same family or even genus. But it must be recollected that this was the case when first the study of the animal was undertaken, yet no one now objects to the terrestrial Helices and Bulimi being separated from the sea shells which were formerly arranged with them, or the Bulle from the other marine families, and we must ex- pect that the more the structure of the animal becomes known, the more the genera founded only on the shells will become separated and dispersed. In drawing up the characters of the suborders and families, I have attempted to select those which appeared most permanent, or least subject to variation. In all animals, as a general rule, those organs by which they obtain their food belong to the first class; hence the characters of the suborder and its divisions have been taken from the form of the mouth and the disposition and form of the teeth on the lingual membrane, as I have no doubt these parts have a most im- portant bearing on the ceconomy of the animal ; while the characters of the families have been taken from modifications of the mantle and differences in the structure and form of the operculum and shell ; for though I consider that the characters of the order, suborder, and families should be chiefly taken from modifications of the animal, I always consider that the shell and operculum are quite as important as regards the genus, as the animal which forms them. Suborder I. PRososcrprreRA. Head small, with an elongated, retractile, more or less exsertile proboscis, when retracted hidden within the body ; tentacles close together at the base or united by a veil over or around the base of the proboscis; eyes sessile, on the outer base of the tentacles; operculum annular (except in Natica). _ Carnivorous, eating living mollusca and other animals. The trunk or proboscis is of a very complicated structure, and fur- nished with a number of muscles, well described by Cuvier in his anatomy of Buccinum, which enable it to be withdrawn into itself like the tentacles of a snail. These animals are said to form the round holes so commonly found in other shells, and the lingual mem- brane is placed near the apex of the exserted trunk. In Cassidulus the head is conical, produced, annulated like a pro- boscis, with tentacles at the tip, close together at the base; the pro- boscis is completely retractile. Suborder II. Rostrirera. Head moderate, with a more or less elongated, produced, contractile, transversely annulated rostrum ; ten- tacles subulate, far apart on the side of the rostrum. Essentially phytophagous ; the rostrum is only furnished with contractile muscles, and varies in length and shape; in Struthiolaria it is very long and conical subulate, but it is not retractile like those of the former sub- order; the rostrum of the Stromdi is also elongated, while in some other families it is short and truncated, but it is always easily known from the retractile proboscis of the former group; the lingual membrane is often very long, extending far into the body of the animal. The families are the same as those characterized in the ‘ Figures of Molluscous Animals,’ vol. iv. 1850, only placed in different order, No. CCL.—Procrepinecs or THE ZooLoGicat Society. 34 to show the characters afforded by the teeth; some new ones, ren- dered necessary by the examination of the teeth of some genera, which had not before been described, are added. Suborder I. PRoBOSCIDIFERA. A. Hamiglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in three series (1*1*1), the central broad, the lateral versatile (figs. 1-4). Fam. 1. Muricip#. Head truncated ; tentacula moderate; lateral teeth flat, with a bent-up process at the end more or less at. right angles with the base ; siphon of mantle and canal of shell straight ; foot simple in front; mantle enclosed ; pillar lip smooth (fig. 1). Fig. 1.—Chrysodomus antiquus. a. Muricina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus subapical within the apex ; varices of shell developed. Murex, Trophon. b. Fusina. Operculum ovate, acute; nucleus apical; varices of shell rudimentary or none. Pisania, Colus, ° Latirus, Chrysodomus, Clavella (Cyrtulus). °c. Pusionellina. Operculum semiovate ; nucleus in middle of the straight inner edge. Teeth 2 Pusionella. d. Rapananina. Operculum ovate, blunt ; nucleus elongate, form- ing the outer or hinder edge. Rapana, Rhinochilus, Chorus, Cuma. Fam. 2. Buccinip#. Head truncated; tentacula moderate ; lateral teeth flat, with a bent-up process at the end more or less at right angles with the base ; siphon of mantle and canal of shell re- curved ; foot simple; mantle enclosed ; pillar lip smooth. a. Buccinina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus small, near outer front edge. Buccinum, Pseudoliva. b. Nassina. Operculum ovate, acute, nucleus apical. * Operculum entire. Latrunculus, Cominella, Phos, ? Cyllene, Columbella. : ** Operculum serrated. Bullia, Nassa, Desmoulia, ? Mingeria, ? Northia. Ringicula probably belongs to Auriculade, as it is said to have the teeth of that family. c. Purpurina. Operculum oblong, nucleus elongate, forming the long outer edge. Purpura, Concholepas, Sistrum, ? Magillus. It is to be observed that the operculum of these two families offers exactly the same modifications. Planaxina, which have been arranged in this family, have a distinct rostrum and operculum like Littorina. 35 Fam. 3. Cassrputip#. Head produced, conical ; tentacles very small, at the end of the head; lateral teeth flat, bent up at the end; siphon of mantle and canal of shell straight, bent up at the end; mantle enclosed ; foot simple (fig. 2). yey Fig. 2.—Cassidulus morio. a. Operculum annular. Cassidulus, Fulgur. 6. Operculum none. Cochlidium. Fam. 4. Oxtvip#. Siphon of mantle recurved ; foot with a cross groove on each side in front, often enclosing part of the shell ; mantle enclosed ; operculum small or none (fig. 3). Va) Fig. 3.—Ancillaria candida. a. Olivina. Pillar of shell plaited in front. 4 Lateral teeth broad ovate. Strephona, Olivella, Scaphula, Aga- ronia. ** Lateral teeth hook-like, narrow. Ancillaria, Eburna. ?b. Harpina. Pillar of shell smooth. Teeth ——? AHarpa. Fam. 5. LameLuariapa&. Lateral teeth simple, curved ; mantle very large, covering the shell, with a notch in place of the siphon in front ; operculum none (fig. 4). Lamellaria, Coriocella. The genus Marsenina ( prodita) appears more allied to Velutinide. Fig. 4.—Coriocella perspicua. B. Odontoglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in three series (1:1°1), the central recurved, toothed at the tip, the lateral not versatile (figs. 5, 6). Fam. 6. FascrotaAriaAD&. Head truncated ; tentacles moderate ; mantle enclosed ; siphon and canal of shell straight ; shell with plaits 36 on the front of the pillar ; central tooth narrow, small; lateral teeth very broad, linear, with many equal teeth (fig. 5). Criranantonnnaeqant Minn’ Fig. 5.—Fasciolaria. a. Fasciolariana. Operculum ovate ; nucleus apical ; canal elon- gate. Fasciolaria, Lagena. b. Mitrina. Operculum none; canal short. Mitra. M. episco- palis. Central tooth broad, toothed. M.adusta. Central tooth simple, hooked. Fam. 7. TuRBINELLID#. Head truncated; tentacles moderate ; mantle enclosed ; siphon and canal of shell straight ; shell with plaits on the middle of the pillar ; central teeth broad, few-toothed ; lateral teeth narrowed, strong, with a single large tooth (fig. 6). Turbinel- lus, Cynodonta. Fig. 6.—Turbinellus. C. Rachiglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in a single central series, often toothed (figs. 7, 8). Fam. 8. Votutip. Shell with plaits on columella; siphon re- curved, and canal very short. Fig. 7.—Yetus olla. Fig. 8.—Cymbiola Turneri. a. Volutina. Siphon with auricles on side of base; tentacles far apart, united by a broad veil over the head. * Teeth lunate, apex 3-toothed (fig.7). a. Operculum none. Fetus, Cymbium, Scapha (vespertilio). 3. Operculum distinct. Voluta. ** Teeth linear, base angularly diverging, with a single conical apex (fig. 8). Operculum none. Cymbiola (Turneri). b. Volutomitrina. Siphon simple at the base; tentacles close together at the base; mantle enclosed; operculum none; teeth with 37 a single acute apex and divergent base, very small at the tip of the proboscis. Volutomitra, e. Porcellanina. Siphon simple at the base; tentacles close to- gether at the base; mantle lobes expanded, covering the shell ; oper- culum none; teeth in a single series, broad, transverse, band-like, toothed in front, like Quoy’s figure of Mitra. Porcellana, Persicula, ’Hyalina. A specimen of P. glaéella in spirits showed no appearance of the dilatation of the mantle. D. Toxoglossa. Teeth sunk into the proboscis in two lateral series (1-0-1), elongate, subulate (fig. 9). Fam. 9. PLevrotomip#. Siphon of mantle and canal of shell straight ; mantle and shell often with a slit in hinder part of right side. Fig. 9.—Mangelia. a. Pleurotomina. Operculum ovate, acute; nucleus apical. Pleu- rotoma, Drillia. b. Clavatulina. Operculum semiovate ; nucleus in the centre of the straight front edge. Clavatula, Tomella. ce. Defrancianina. Operculum none. Mangelia, Defrancia. E. Teenioglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in seven rows (3°1°3), central generally toothed, lateral in three series, converging, the inner often broad, two outer subulate, versatile (figs. 10, 11). Fam. 10. Doxirp%. Head truncated ; tentacles moderate ; pro- boscis-sheath large, funnel-shaped, free on the edge; foot small; siphon of mantle recurved; mantle enclosed; operculum none. Tongue ——? Dolium, ’Malea. Fam. 11. Trirronirap#. Head truncated; tentacles moderate ; proboscis-sheath small ; foot small ; siphon of mantle and canal of shell straight ; shell variced ; mantle enclosed ; operculum ovate, annular; nucleus lateral or apical. a. Ranellina. Operculum half ovate; nucleus central, lateral or internal; varices acute. Ranella. b. Tritonina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus apical ; varices rounded. Apollon, Triton. c. Personina. Operculum small, triangular, broad ; nucleus apical ; varices acute, foliaceous. Persona. 38 d. Neptunellina. Operculum ovate ; nucleus central. MNeptunella (cutaceum). The teeth of this family have been verified in a dozen species. Fam. 12. Scyroryrip#. Head produced, conical ; tentacles very small; foot small; siphon of mantle produced; operculum none. Scytotypus *. Fam. 13. Vexutinip. Head truncated; tentacles and foot moderate, rounded; mantle edge inflated, folded on the edge into two canals ; eyes on outer side of tentacles ; operculum none (fig. 10). Velutina, Marsenina. TN Kf - Fig. 10.— Velutina haliotidea. Fam. 14. Naricip#. Head truncated; tentacles moderate ; foot very large, much-produced; shell sunk into the foot; eyes none ; operculum distinct, spiral, few-whorled (fig. 11). Fig. 1]1.—Natica pulchella. a. Operculum, outer layer shelly. Natica. 6. Operculum simple, horny. Neverita, Polinices, Mammilla, Sto- mata. From Dr. Lovén’s description of the animal of Trichotropis bo- realis, it should be referred to this suborder, and equally so by Messrs. Forbes and Hanley’s figures, t. II. f. 1; but in examining the animal of Trichotropis bicarinatus, the original type of the genus, I find that it has a rostrum and no proboscis. I should have been inclined to have regarded the animals of these two species as probably form- ing-two genera, but Messrs. Forbes and Hanley’s description of the animal (Brit. Moll. 361) agrees pretty well with the animal of 7’. bi- carinatus. F. Ctenoglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in many series, nu- merous, similar (fig. 12). Fam. 15, Casstprpa. Mantle enclosed, with a recurved siphon ; shell ventricose, subglobose, with a recurved canal, often variced, outer lip thickened ; lingual membrane short, broad, triangular, with many rows of similar lancet-shaped teeth, and a single small dentated tooth in the central series ; operculum annular ; nucleus in the middle * In Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. x. 415, 1852, by a slip of the pen, I erroneous! stated that this animal had no proboscis, “it aa ay 39 of the straight inner side. Bezoardica, !Cassis, 'Levenia, ?Morio. The teeth bear no resemblance to those figured by Quoy and Gaimard as those of Bezoardica. Fam. 16. ScaLaRtaAD&. Foot moderate; mantle enclosed; shell turrited, variced, without any canal; eyes on outer side of the subu- late tentacles ; operculum horny, spiral (fig. 12). Sealaria. TOCA Fig. 12.—Scalaria Turtoni. Fam. 17. Acrzonip&. Foot moderate; mantle enclosed; eyes on the inner side of the base of the expanded tentacles ; operculum horny, subspiral. Acton. G. Gymnoglossa. Teeth and lingual membrane rudimentary or none. Fam. 18. Acusip#. Foot small; mantle enclosed, with an elon- gated siphon; shell turrited, lip thin, not variced; eyes on tip of tentacles or wanting; tentacles very small or wanting; operculum annular, nucleus apical. Acus (tentacles small). Subwla (tentacles and eyes none). Leiodomus (suture callous ; operculum ovate ; ten- tacles small; has been confounded with Bullia). ?Dorsanum. Fam. 19. PyramipELLID&. Foot moderate; mantle enclosed ; eyes on the inner side of the broad folded tentacles; operculum horny, spiral; shell spiral, pillar plaited. a. Pyramidellina. Shell turrited. Odeliscus, Odostomia, Eulima, Aclis, ?Stylina, Alvania. b. Tylodinina. Shell subspiral. Tylodina. Cerithiopsis of Forbes and Hanley, tab. OO, if accurately described, must form a new family in this section. Fam. 20. ArcuiTEctomip#. Tentacles folded, with the suture below ; eyes sessile on upper surface of their base (Hydoux). Gill- cavities divided by a longitudinal fold; foot moderate, truncated and double-edged in front, rounded behind (Quoy) ; proboscis very long, completely retractile ; teeth none. a. Operculum ovate. Architectoma. 6. Operculum circular. Torinia, Bifrontia. Suborder II. Rostrirera. A. Gymnoglossa. Lingual membrane and teeth none; operculum none. Fam. 21. CanceLutariap&. Mantle enclosed; pillar of shell folded ; operculum none. Admete, ?Cancellaria. 40 B. Toxoglossa. Lingual membrane with two series of subulate, elongate, often barbed, lateral teeth (fig. 13). Fam. 22. Conrpz. Teeth barbed; mantle enclosed ; operculum ovate, nucleus apical (fig. 13). Conus. Fig. 13.— Conus. C. Dactyloglossa. Teeth on lingual membrane in seven rows, 3°1:°3, the central teeth triangular, recurved, 3-toothed ; lateral teeth converging, inner conical, recurved, outer large, broad, ovate, with numerous long, linear, equal, curved digitations on the upper edge (fig. 14). Fam. 23. AMpHiIpeRAsip&. Operculum none; mantle lobes ex- panded, covering the shell, bearded externally ; shell, edge of outer lip inflexed (fig. 14). Amphiperas. The black colour on 4. ovwm washes off when in spirits. 4] D. Teenioglossa. Lingual membrane with seven series of teeth (3°1-°3), the central broad, the lateral converging, the inner often broader ; outer lateral conical, except in Viviparidee (figs. 15-26). A. Operculum subannular or none; mantle furnished with a si- phon, and shell with a canal in front. * Eyes sessile, on the outer side of the base of the tentacles. Fam. 24. Cyprzapz. Operculum none; mantle lobes expanded, covering the shell; outer lateral teeth conical, entire or toothed (fig. 15). Cyprea, Trivia, *Cyprovula, Luponia, Naria, Aricia, Erato. Fig. 15.—Cyprea helvola. Fam. 25. Pepicutariap&. Operculum none; mantle enclosed (fig. 16). Pedicularia. Fig. 16.—Pedicularia sicula. Fam. 26. AporrHAIDz. Operculum annular, ovate, nucleus apical, small ; mantle, outer edge expanded, lobed, or rarely reflexed ; siphon and canal of shell bent to the right (figs. 17,18). Aporrhais ; Trichotropis (lingual membrane short, broad); Separatista, Stru- thiolaria. (See observations on Trichotropis at p. 38.) Fig. 17.—Aporrhais pes-pelicani. Fig. 18.—Trichotropis borealis. ** Eyes on elongated peduncles. Fam. 27. Stromsip#. Foot compressed, used for jumping, not walking ; mantle, outer side generally expanded and often lobed ; muzzle longly conical. a. Strombina. Tentacles on middle of eye-pedicel ; operculum claw-like. Strombus, Pterocera, Fusus. b. Seraphina. Tentacles none?, operculum horny, claw-like, with three claws; teeth ——? Seraphys. 42 B. Operculum subannular ; mantle and shell simple in front ; eyes sessile. Fam. 28. PxHorip. Foot compressed, used for jumping, not walking ; eyes sessile, on the outer side of the subulate tentacles ; operculum large, horny, subannular; muzzle conical, produced ; tongue ?; teeth ? Phorus, Onustus. C. Operculum annular, regular ; mantle with a siphon in front ; shell simple in front ; eyes pedicelled, near the outer side of the base of the subulate tentacles. : Fam. 29. AmpuLLARiAD#&. Gill with air-bag; central teeth acute; lateral subulate. a. Operculum horny ; canal exposed. Marissa, Pomus, Pomella, Lanistes. 6. Operculum shelly ; canal not exposed. Asolene, Ampullaria. D. Operculum annular, regular ; mantle and shell simple in front ; eyes sessile, on the outer side of the base of the subulate tentacles. Fam. 30. Vivirartp&. ‘Teeth abnormal, laminar, longitudinal, ovate, apex recurved, toothed on each side the tip; inner lateral tooth broad (fig. 19). Viviparus, Paludomus, Bithinia. Fig. 19.—Viviparus. E. Operculum annular, regular, with an internal process ; mantle and shell simple in front; eyes sessile, far back behind the tentacles. Fam. 31. RissoeLLipz. Rostrum divided into two tentacular lobes in front; teeth 3°1°3 (Alder MSS.). Rissoella=Jeffreysia, Alder; Rissoina. _F. Operculum spiral (rarely wanting) ; mantle and shell generally simple, sometimes with a rudimentary siphon and a canal in front of shell; eyes sessile ; outer lateral teeth conical, curved. a. Hyes sessile, on outer side of tentacles. * Gills indistinct, in the form of series of vessels on the inner sur- face of the mantle. _ Fam. 32. CycLopuorip&. Operculum spiral; mouth of shell circular. Cyclophorus, Cyclotus, Pomatias, &c. Fam. 33. OLtigyrapa#. Operculum annular ; mouth of shell half ovate. Oligyra, Aleadia. 43 ** Gills enclosed, in one or three comb-like lines on inner side of mantle- cavity. Fam. 34. Lirrorrnip#. Mantle edge simple or with only a slight fold in front; gills in two series; shell free; foot flat (figs. 20, 21). Assiminia, Littorina, Risella, Pagodus, Modulus, &c. Fig. 21.—Littorina littorea. Fam. 35. Puanaxtp2. Mantle edge with a siphon and shell with a notch in front; teeth 3-1-3, inner broad, two outer lmear. Pla- naxis, Quoyia, ’Litiopa. Fam. 36. MeLantap&. Mantle edge torn, with a more or less distinct siphon in front ; gill of a single series of plates (figs. 22, 23). Rissoa, Skenea, Melania, Melanopsis, Vibex, Faunus, Melanatria, Rhinoclavis, Cerithium, Telescopium, Triphoris, Terebellum. Fig. 23.—Melanopsis buccinoides. Fam. 37. Vermetip#&. Shell attached, irregular; foot scarcely fit for walking, dilated, clavate at the end. Vermetus, Serpuloides, Siliquaria, &c. Fam. 38. ?Vanicororp&. Shell free; foot small, circular, pro- duced in front, with a dilated membranous expansion on each side ; operculum horny, ovate; teeth ——? Vanicoro. 44 *** Gills plumose, exposed, lamine pinnate, spirally twisted. Fam. 39. Vanvatip#. Operculum orbicular, spiral, many- whorled (fig. 24). Valvata. in Fig. 24.— Valvata piseinalis. b. Eyes sessile, on the head between or rather behind the base of the tentacles. Fam. 40. Cacip. Shell subcylindrical, arched ; apex deciduous, subspiral ; operculum circular, horny ; foot short; teeth 3-1-3; jaws distinct. Caecum. Fam. 41. TruncaTetuip#. Body and shell spiral; foot very short, roundish; muzzle broadly 2-lobed; walks with its foot and lps; teeth 3-1°3; gill ?; operculum horny, spiral. Trunea- tella. Fam. 42. Actcutap&. Body and shell spiral; foot short, di- vided ; gills ——?; operculum horny, spiral. Acicula, Geomelania. G. Operculum none ; mantle and shell simple in front ; gills in an oblique line across the mantle-cavity ; lamine elongate, linear, partly exposed ; eyes small, on the outer side of the base of the tentacles. Fam. 43. Caputip™. Foot folded on itself (fig. 25). Capulus, Hipponyx, Amalthia, Amathina. Fig. 25.—Capulus hungaricus. Fam. 44. Catyprraipm. Foot expanded (fig. 26). Crypta, Galerus, Crucibulum, Calyptrea, Trochita. Fig. 26.—Calyptrea sinensis. 45 February 22, 1853. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following paper. was read :— DerscrirTion or A New Species or AULACORHAMPHUS. By Joun Gou.p, F.R.S. Mr. Gould exhibited a new species of Groove-billed Toucan, which had been killed in Veragua, together with other ornithological rari- ties, by Berthold Seemann, Esq., Naturalist to H.M.S. Herald. He proposed, from the blue colouring of its throat, to call it AULACORHAMPHUS CHRULEOGULARIS. Upper surface dark green, with an olive tint on the head and nape, and of a brighter green on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; prima- ries blackish brown, margined externally at the base with dunk green ; tail deep green, passing into blue towards the extremity, and tipped with rich chestnut; throat and fore part of the cheeks czerulean blue; under surface green, washed with yellow on the flanks and abdomen ; under tail-coverts rich chestnut ; bill black, with the ex- ception of the upper part of the sides of the upper mandible and the apical portion of the culmen, which are greenish yelllow, passing into purer yellow at the tip; on the sides of both mandibles at the base a broad band, which on the upper one is yellow, and on the lower white ; orbits red; legs and feet greenish lead-colour. Total length, 12} inches; bill, 24; wing, 44; tail, 43; tarsi, 12. Hab. Veragua. Remark.—Nearly allied to Aulacorhamphus albivitta ; but distin- guished from that species by its rich blue throat, by the band at the base of the bill bemg.much broader and yellow on the upper man- dible, instead of white, and by the under surface being washed with yellow, while in the other it is pure green. March 8, 1853. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On THE Nest AND Eces or MENuRA ALBERTI. By Joun Gou.p, F.R.S. (Aves, Pl. LIII.) Mr. Gould exhibited a nest and two eggs of Menura “Alberti, which had been obligingly lent to him for the purpose by Mr. Turner of - 46 Sydney. The nest was oven-shaped in form ; outwardly constructed of roots, tendrils and leaves of palms, and lined with green mosses. It was about 2 feet in length by 16 inches in breadth, domed over except at one end. The eggs, barely 2% inches long by 13 broad, are of a deep purplish chocolate, irregularly blotched and freckled with a darker colour. The nest and eggs are deposited in the national collection at the British Museum. 2. Notice OF A PRESUMED New SPEcizEs or RHINOCEROS, FROM SouTH AFRICA. By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.B.S. ere. Colonel Thomas Steele having most kindly presented to the Bri- tish Museum a pair of horns of a two-horned Rhinoceros, which was discovered in the interior of South Africa by his friend Mr. Oswell, Dr. Gray exhibited the horns; and having pointed out the peeu- liarity of their form, proposed that they should be provisionally de- scribed as belonging to a new species, under the name of Rhinoceros Oswellii. RC,WEST.SC The front horn is elongated and thick ; but instead of being bent back, as is the general character of R. bicornis, or erect, as in R. si- mus, is bent forwards, so that the upper surface is worn flat by being rubbed against the ground. The front horn in the pair exhibited was 31 inches long, flat, square, rough and fibrous in front, rounded 47 and smooth behind. The hinder horn was short, conical and sub- quadrangular ; it was 11 inches in length. Dr. Gray stated that the British Museum possesses a second speci- men of a front horn, of a similar curve and form, with a similarly worn front top, of a rather larger size. This formerly belonged to Sir Hans Sloane’s Collection ; so that this species, like R. s¢mus, must have been known to the older travellers. March 22, 1853. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. Description or A New Species or TETRAOGALLUS. By Joun Govuxp, F.R.S. Mr. Gould laid upon the table a complete series of all the known species of the genus Tetraogallus, viz. the Tetraogallus Caspius, inhabiting Astrabad, Ghilan, and other parts of Persia ; Tetraogallus Himalayensis, inhabiting the Himalaya mountains ; Tetraogallus Altaicus, inhabiting the Altai mountains ; and a fine new species, lately sent to the Honourable East India Com- pany, from Thibet, by Captain Strachey, which he described under the name of TETRAOGALLUS TIBETANUS. | Crown of the head, cheeks, back and sides of the neck dark slate- grey, washed with buff on the orbits ; ear-coverts buffy white ; chin, front of the throat and chest white; upper surface, wings and tail- coverts freckled buff, grey and black, the feathers of the middle of the back and the wing-coverts broadly edged with pale buff; rump and upper tail-coverts washed with rufous ; primaries greyish brown ; secondaries broadly edged and tipped with white ; breast crossed by a narrow band of grey, freckled with buff and blotched with black ; under surface white ; the feathers of the flanks and lower part of the abdomen narrowly but conspicuously margined with jet-black, form- ing stripes along those parts of the body ; under tail-coverts black, with a broad stripe of white down the centre; tail very dark brown, inclining to rufous at the tip; bill and feet orange-red. Total length about 15 inches ; bill, 14; wing, 94; tail, 5; tarsi, 25. In the collection of the Honourable Kast India Company. 48 2. Descriptions or Two New SPECIES or PTILONOPUS. By Greorce Rosert Gray, F.L.S. & F.Z.S. (Aves, Pl. LIV. LV.) Pritonorus CHRYSOGASTER, G. R. Gray. (Pl. LIV.) Crown purplish white, margined posteriorly with yellow ; sides of the head, neck and breast greyish white, with the base of the feathers of the latter yellow; throat and cheeks pale yellow; abdomen and under tail-coverts bright yellow; sides of the former greyish white, tinged with yellow; back bronzy green; greater wing-coverts, ter- tials and secondaries bluish green, narrowly margined with yellow ; quills dull black, with the outer web tinged with green ; tail bronzy green, with a very broad apical margin of white, each feather mar- gined with yellow.—Total length, 8$ inches. Hab. ? Probably from Otaheite. This species is closely allied to the Pt. purpuratus (Columba pur- purata, Gmel., C. oopa, Wagl., Pt. furcatus, Peale), but it is easily distinguished by the yellow on the abdomen, &c. Pritonopus purPUREOCINCTUS. (PI. LV.) Crown and base of lower mandible deep rosy purple, surrounded posteriorly with yellow; throat white; sides and behind the neck greenish grey ; feathers of the upper part of the breast deep greyish green, with the end of each bifurcation white ; lower part of the breast green, with a broad mark of deep purple ; middle of the abdo- men yellowish green, with the sides orange; vent pale yellow, with the sides green; under tail-coverts orange; back and lesser wing- coverts bronzy green; greater wing-coverts, secondaries and tertials bluish green, margined with yellow ; quills green, narrowly margined with yellow; tail green tinged with yellow, with the apical portion broadly margined with white ; tail-feathers tinged on the outer web with green, and all margined with yellow.—Total length, 9 inches. It is unknown from whence this fine species was brought. 3. DrscripTions OF TWENTY-THREE New Species or LAND SHELLS, FROM THE COLLECTION OF H. Cumine, Esa. By Dr. L. Preirrer. 1. Hexrx maxima, Pfr. H. testa perforata, subturbinato-de- pressa, solida, ponderosa, oblique irregulariter striata, superne fulva, fasciis variis luteis ornata; spira subturbinata, apice obtusula; sutura profunda; anfr. 634 lente accrescentibus, superis planis, sequentibus regulariter convewxis, ultimo medio carinato, basi modice convexo, nitido, castaneo; apertura parum obliqua, lunari, intus lactea ; perist. simplice, recto, obtuso, marginibus distantibus, basali intus subincrassato, superne breviter dilatato, perforationem fere tegente. Diam. maj. 90, min. 77, alt. 42, mill. Hab. Philippine Islands. Proc.Z2.S Aves LIV Wolt’ ith M. & N.Hanhart Impt PTILONOPUS CHRYSOGASTER. 27omuy #9 NAT. SIZE eo PURI Jit 2/3 NAT SIZE UREOCINGTUS 622 Gry ~ + mot 49 2. Hetrx Owenrana, Pfr. H. testa perforata, turbinato-de- pressa, tenui, superne radiato-striata, lineis confertissimis spiralibus decussata, hand nitente, fulva ; spira breviter conoi- dea, obtusa; sutura marginata ; anjr. 43 sensim accrescentibus, convexis, ultimo non descendente, peripheria pallide carinato et infra carinam fascia rufa notato, subtus corneo-virente, nitido, lineis impressis, spiralibus irregulariter insculpto; apertura fere diagonali, subrhombeo-lunari, intus margaritacea ; perist. sim- plice, recto, marginibus remotis, columellari declivi, calloso, superne sinuato, ad perforationem breviter dilatato, reflexo. Diam. maj. 32, min. 264, alt. 17 mill. Hab. Philippine Islands. 3. Hetrx Bripwitut, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, trochiform, tenuiuscula, confertim striatula, nitidula, albida, maculis cas- taneis subseriatis ornata ; spira regulariter conica, acutiuscula ; sutura impressa ; anfr. 6 planiusculis, ultimo via descendente, ad basin planulatam, maculis majoribus subconfluentibus ornatam, carinato, antice tumido et subconstricto ; apertura perobliqua, angusta, subtriangulari ; perist. nigro, marginibus distantibus, dextro recto, basali inde a carina arcuato, tum substricto, dilatato, adnato. Diam. maj. 183, min. 16, alt. 17 mill. Hab. North Australia (Mr. Strange), Wide Bay (F. C. Bridwill). 4, Hexix Circe, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-depressa, solidula, levissime striatula, non nitente, fusca, zonis 3 latis, albis, hydrophanis, fusco irregulariter maculatis, cincta; spira brevissima, convexa, apice obtuso, lilaceo; anfr. 4 convenis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo vix descendente, basi distinctius striato ; columella declivi, dilatata, plana, alba; apertura ampla, fere diagonali, lunato-rotundata, intus pallide livida ; perist. pallide carneo, undique expanso et reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 47, min. 38, alt. 28 mill. Hab. Philippine Islands. 5. Hexix Lats, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, sublenticulari, tenui, sub lente vix striatula, parum nitida, virenti-alba; spira brevi, convexa ; sutura lineari, albo-marginata; anfr. 4} vix convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria subacute carinato et fascia unica, saturate castanea ornato, basi convexiore ; columella brevi, declivi, dilatata, plana, alba ; apertura parum obliqua, subquadrangulari-lunari ; perist. anguste expanso, albo-limbato, marginibus subparallelis, basali leviter arcuato, cum columella angulum obtusissimum formante. Diam. maj. 33, min. 29, alt. 18 mill. Hab. Philippine Islands. 6. Hexix Ceres, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, semigloboso-subcam- panuliformi, solida, leviter striatula, parum nitente, sordide lutea, fasciis nonnullis rubellis ornata; spira conveva, vertice subtili, obtuso ; sutura viv impressa; anfr. 64 vix conveviusculis, lente T No. CCLI.—Proceepinés oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 50 accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria subcarinato, basi convexiore ; apertura diagonali, oblique lunari, intus carneo- albida; perist. fusco-carneo, marginibus remotis, dextro expanso, basali breviter reflexo, columellari dilatato, inius plica obliqua munito, extus fornicato, umbilicum angustum semitegente. Diam. maj. 23, min. 20, alt. 14 mill. Hab. Philippine Islands. 7. Buuimus Pervius, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, oblique ovato- conica, solidula, ruguloso-striata, opaca, alba ; spira conica, acu- tiuscula; sutura profunda ; anfr. 63 convexis, ultimo spiram vir superante, basi suboblique producto, circa umbilicum angustum, sed pervium subcompresso ; columella leviter arcuata; apertura obliqua, ovali, basi rotundata ; perist. simplice, marginibus approximatis, dextro expansiusculo, columellari perdilatato, vix reflexo. Long. 24, diam. 12 mill. Hab. 2 8. Butimus FLexiLaBrRis, Pfr. 8B. testa breviter rimato-subper- Forata, oblique ovato-turrita, solidiuscula, sublevigata, nitidula, alba, fasciis 3 spadiceis, albo-punctulatis ornata; spira elevato- conica, apice obtusula, nigra; anfr. 7 conveciusculis, ultimo spira breviore, oblique producto, basi antice subangulato ; columella brevi, torta, recedente ; apertura parum obliqua, irregulariter subqua- drangulari ; perist. simplice, undique expanso, margine dextro medio rectilineari, superne curvato, basi subimpresso et angulatim extrorsum dilatato, sinistro declivi, cum columella angulum for- mante, superne perdilatato, patente. Long. 28, diam. 12} mill. Hab. Brazils. 9. Butimus Fivaris, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovato-conica, tenui, irregulariter plicato-striata, diaphana, sordide alba, strigis latis, angulatis, nigricantibus, in anfr.ultimo fascias obsoletas forman- tibus, ornata; spira conica, acutiuscula; sutura crenulata; anfr. dz via convexiusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, deorsum dila- tato ; columella valde recedente, filari ; apertura obliqua, ovali, intus submargaritacea ; perist. simplice, recto, basi subeffuso. Long. 26, diam. 12 mill. Hab. 2 10. Butimus Kepretu, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata, ovato-oblonga, tenuiuscula, sublevigata (irregulariter striolata), nitidula ; spira elongato-conica, apice acutiuscula, alba ; anfr. 7 convexiusculis, superis albis, spadiceo-bifasciatis ; ultimo 2 longitudinis equante, ad suturam subplicato, basi subat- tenuato, fumoso-fusco, fasciis spadiceis pallide marginatis 3-4 cincto, guttis pallidis irregulariter consperso; columella sub- stricta; apertura parum obliqua, angusta, oblonga; perist. simplice, margine dextro leviter arcuato, recto, columellari in laminam latam, triangularem, patentem dilatato. Long. 343, diam. 14 mill. Hab. Andes of Peru (Capt. Keppell). 51 11. Cyctostoma Reciuzianum (Cyctotus), Pfr. C. testa umbilicata, depressa, solidula, obsolete spiraliter lirata, sub epidermide pallide virente albida ; spira vix elevata, submucro- nata; sutura profunda, carina submarginata; anfr. 4} convexis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo terete, peripheria carina acuta, antrorsum evanescente munita; umbilico perspectivo, + diametri ceequante ; apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. sim- plice, recto, continuo, breviter adnato.—Operce. Cycloti. Diam. maj. 11, min. 9, alt. 5 mill. Hab. Salomon’s Islands. 12. CycLostoMA TUBULIFERUM (CycLotus), Pfr. C. testa late umbilicata, striatula, opaca, albida, flammis angulosis fSuscis picta; spira vix elevata, fusco-violacea, vertice subacute prominente ; sutura subprofunda; anfr. 4} convexiusculis, ultimo terete, antice breviter soluto, vix descendente, 2 mill. pone aperturam tubulo brevi a sutura retrorsum subascendente munito ; apertura diagonali, circulari; perist. duplicato: in- terno continuo, porrecto, eaterno marginibus supero et dextro breviter patente, sinistro obsoleto. Diam. maj. 163, min. 13, alt. 62 mill. Hab. 2 13. CycLosroma LaBiosum (CycLopnorvs), Pfr. C. testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata, solida, oblique striatula et lineis spiralibus, confertissimis, vir elevatis sculpta, nitidula, saturate castanea, lituris albidis presertim ad suturam variegata; spira brevi, vertice acutiusculo, sordide fusco; anfr. 5 convewvis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria subcarinato et pallide articulato, infra carinam fascia lata, nigricante cincto, circa umbilicum album, mediocrem, extus infundibuliformem subangu- lato; apertura obliqua, subcirculari, intus pallida; perist. crasso, lutescenti-albido, breviter adnato, ceterum fornicatim et anguste refleco, margine columellari subrecedente. Diam. maj. 43, min. 34, alt. 22 mill. Hab. 2 14. CycLtosroma Pirrizanum (CyctopHorvs), Pir. C. testa umbilicata, turbinato-depressa, solida, spiraliter crebrilirata, sub epidermide nigricante obsolete pallide marmorata et ad suturam articulata; spira breviter turbinata, apice cornea, ob- duse mucronulata; anfr. 53 rapide accrescentibus, ultimo magno, ad peripheriam carina subacuta, funiformi munito, superne tur- gido et subcarinato, prope suturam planulato, basi convexo, circa umbilicum late infundibuliformem angulato ; apertura diago- nali, subcirculari, intus nitidissime aurantiaco-livida ; perist. continuo, breviter adnato, superne angulatim producto, undique valde incrassato et breviter reflexo, lucide fusco-igneo. Diam. maj. 54, min. 42, alt. 27 mill. Hab. Walaghat, Koondah Mountains, near Calicut (Ff. Pirrie). 15. CycLosroma GrisEeum, Pfr. C. testa vix perforata, turrito- conica, solidula, spiraliter confertim sulcata, via nitidula, 52 liliaceo-grisea; spira elevato-conica, apice acutiuscula, flavida ; sutura mediocri ; anfr. 6 modice conveais, ultimo 2 longitudinis aequante, infra medium fascia pallida alteraque fuscula ornato ; apertura obliqua, rotundato-ovali, intus fuscula, fasciata ; perist. interrupto, marginibus approximatis, dextro recto, colu- mellari subdilatato, fornicatim patente.—Operc. * Long. 17, diam. 10 mill. Hab. Madagascar. 16. CycLostoma VENEZUELENSE (CHonpROPOMA?), Pfr. C. testa subperforata, turrita, truncata, tenui, longitudinaliter capillaceo-striata, haud nitente, diaphana, fulvida, fasciis circa 6 angustis, rufis, interdum obsoletis ornata ; sutura subdenti- culata; anfr. superst. 53 convexis, ultimo antice brevissime soluto, basi liris nonnullis spiralibus circa perforationem pune- tiformem munito; apertura verticali, subirregulariter ovali, intus concolore ; perist. simplice, superne in auriculam angu- latam producto, marginibus dextro et basali breviter expansis, sinistro angusto, adnato. Long. 173, diam. 7 mill. Hab. Venezuela. 17. CarauLus mareinatus, Pfr. C. testa viv perforata, sub- Susiformi-turrita, solida, subarcuatim costulato-striata, opaca, Jusco-lilacea, strigis angulosis albidis marmorata ; spira sub- curvilineari, turrita, apice obtusa; sutura levi, filomarginata ; anfr. 8 planiusculis, ultimo vix attenuato, carina basali alba, compressa, antrorsum subdilatata ; apertura verticali, sub- ovali; perist. albo, duplice, interno basi profunde inciso, ex- terno patente, ad canalem mediocrem retracto. Long. 16, diam, 54 mill. Hab. Ceylon. 18. Puprwa Cumineiana (Preeistoma), Pfr. P. testa imper- forata, oblonga, utrinque attenuata, solidula, glabra, nitida, rubello-succinea ; spira elongata, apice acutiuscula, sutura levissima; anfr. 6 viv convexiusculis, 2 ultimis latis, ultimo oblique descendente ; apertura verticali, circulari ; perist. cal- loso, expansiusculo, margine columellari brevi, non dilatato, imeisura mediocri a basali separato. Long. 8, diam. 33 mill. Hab. Salomon’s Islands. 19. Hexicina mopesta, Pfr. H. testa subgloboso-conica, soli- dula, oblique striatula vel sublevigata, nitidula, unicolore stra- minea; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 43 modice convezis, ultimo turgido, basi planiusculo; columella brevi, incrassata, alba, callum emittente nitidum, circumscriptum ; apertura ob- liqua, subtriangulari-semiovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro antrorsum subdilatato, basali ad columellam subsinuato. Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 4 mill. Hab. Tanna, New Hebrides. 93 20. Hexicina articuuaTa, Pfr. H. testa sublenticulari, cari- nata, tenui, striatula, nitida, rubello-fusca, pallidius strigata, fasciis 2, castaneo et albo articulatis ad suturam et carinam ornata; spira convexiusculo-conoidea, acuminata; anfr. 43 subplanis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo infra carinam sub- acutam convexo; columella breviter recedente, callum emit- tente tenuem, albidum, sulco levi eircumscriptum ; apertura dia- gonali, subtriangulari; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, margini- bus viz arcuatis. Diam. maj. 5, min. 44, alt. 3 mill. Hab. Tanna, New Hebrides. 21. Hexicina riparia, Pfr. A. festa conica, tenuiuscula, ob- lique striatula, alba; spira conoidea, acutiuscula; anfr. 55 convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo spira breviore, basi subconvexo ; columella a basi rectangule descendente, breviter recedente, callum emittente tenuem, circumscriptum ; apertura via obliqua, fere semicirculart ; perist. simplice, undique brevi- ter expanso. Diam. maj. 7, min. 64, alt. 5 mill. Hab. Calamar, on the banks of Magdalena River, New Granada. 22. Henicina roveata, Pfr. WH. testa orbiculato-conoidea, tenuiuscula, sublevigata, nitidula, flava vel fusco-rubella, ple- rumque fasciis saturatioribus et pallidis ornata; spira convexa, submucronata; anfr. 53 convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, basi convexiore, fovea profunda juxta columellam brevem, subdenticulatam notato; apertura parum obliqua, semiovali ; perist. tenui, undique vix expansiusculo. Diam. maj. 73, min. 7, alt. 43 mill. Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies. 23. Hexicina conorpEA, Pfr. H. testa conoidea, tenuiuscula, subscabre striata, vix nitidula, pallide corneo-grisea ; spira re- gulariter conoidea, acutiuscula ; sutura leviter impressa ; anfr. 4% subplanulatis ; sensim accrescentibus, ultimo utrinque con- vexiore, peripheria subcarinato ; columella brevi, deorsum atte- nuata, callum basalem emittente tenuem, circumscriptum; aper- tura diagonali, integra, subtriangulari ; perist. simplice, mar- gine supero vix expanso, basali subincrassato, refiexiusculo. Diam. maj. 53, min. 43, alt. 35 mill. Hab, Barbadoes, West Indies. 4, LiMN#%ACEA NOVA COLLECTIONIS CUMINGIAN. Descrirsit Dr. Guin. DuNKER. 1. Puysa Satueana, Dkr. PA. testa ovato-acuta, fusco-cornea, mucronem versus obscuriore, nitidissima, subdiaphana, tener- rime striata, fere levigata; spira conica, apice paulum obtusa ; anfractibus convexiusculis, sutura albida, perparum impressa 54 divisis ; apertura ovato-acuta ; columella lactea, basi subemar- ginata. Altit. 6 lin. Hab. St. Domingo (Sallé). Species varietatibus certis Phys heterostrophe similis, sed habitu graciliore, anfractibus minus convexis, colore fusco-corneo et labro tenui satis diversa est. 2. PLANORBIS REFULGENS, Dkr. P. testa solidiuscula, nitidis- sima, tenerrime striata, fere glabrata, fusco-cornea, supra late umbilicata, infra plano-concava; anfractibus subtumidis, rotun- datis, modice crescentibus ; apertura oblique ovata, subauri- culata. Altit. testee 22 lin. ; lat. max. 73 lin. Hab. St. Domingo (Sallé). Species pulcherrimarum una sui generis. Anfractus fere sex rotundati, supra fusco-cornei, infra pallidiores, striis tenuissimis incre- menti instructi sunt ; sub microscopio anfractus priores strias spirales minutissimas ostendunt. Spira embryonalis in latere superiore, ut solet, infundibuliformis. Margo aperturalis superior acutissimus, parum productus. Hee species habitu Planorbi Guadaloupensi, Sow. haud dissimilis est. 3. PLANORBIS SALLEANUS, Dkr. P. testa tenui, parvula, cornea haud nitente, tenuiter striata spiraliterque subhirsuta, supra plana, infra satis profunde umbilicata ; anfractibus quatuor rotundatis, haud involutis, modice crescentibus ; apertura sub- rotunda, obliqua, paullo dilatata. Altit. 2 lin. ; lat. max. 2 lin. Hab. St. Domingo (Sailé). Species parvula, Planordi aldo similis. April 12, 1853. John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. Noricre or AN ORIGINAL PAINTING, INCLUDING A FIGURE OF THE Dopo, IN THE COLLECTION OF HIS GRACE THE DUKE or NORTHUMBERLAND, AT Sion House. By W. J. Bro- DERIP, V.P.Z.S., F.R.S. etc. Professor Owen, at whose disposal the Duke of Northumberland placed the following additional pictorial evidence of the existence of the Dodo in the seventeenth century, has requested me to draw the attention of this Society to the highly interesting picture which the 55 Duke has been so good as to send for the inspection of the Fellows. The size of the picture, which is in the finest preservation, is thirty- two inches by nineteen. It is executed in oil, and bears the following monogram and y II date. Mr. William Russell, with his usual g discernment, detected in this monogram the : signatures of Jean Goeimare and Jean David 6 de Heem, and proved the correctness of his J ma 7 judgment by a reference to Brulliot*. Jean Goeimare, who is not noticed by Descamps, Bryan, Sandrart, or Houbraken, is described by Brulliot as a Flemish artist who flourished at the commencement of the seventeenth century, and painted land- scapes with many animals, executed with great care, but in rather a dry manner+. Of De Heem, the celebrated painter of still life, it would be superfluous to say anything. We may conclude, then, that in this joint production the landscape and animals were painted by Goeimare, and the shells by De Heem. * Dict. des Monogrammes, | partie, pp. 274, 201. t+ I am indebted to Mr. Russell for this information. 56 In this picture, which seems to have been intended as a record of rarities, the foreground represents a sea-shore from which the tide has retired, leaving empty shells of the following genera :—Nautilus, Pteroceras, Strombus, Triton, Pyrula, Cassis, Cyprea, Conus, Mitra, Turbo, Nerita, Mytilus, Ostrea, &c. Behind, on elevated ground, are two ostriches, and below, to the right of the spectator, the Dodo is represented as in the act of picking up something from the strand. The head and body of the bird, covering an area as large as the palm of a man’s hand, are seen, but the legs are hidden. ‘The painter of the Dodo in my picture, has given the only complete foreshortened back view of the bird known to me. In the Duke’s picture the head and body are presented to the spectator on a larger scale, and I have nowhere seen the hood or ridge at the base of the bill, from which the bird obtained the name of Cygnus cucullatus, so clearly repre- sented. Near the Dodo are a smew and other aquatic birds, and further off hoopers and terns. In the distance is the ocean, with a sea-monster awaiting the attack of Perseus, who descends on a winged steed to the rescue of Andromeda chained to a rock. Those who have had occasion to describe and figure new species of Testacea, know how difficult it is to find a draughtsman who can give a correct design of the shell to be represented. Unless the artist, like Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun., is aware of the internal structure of the shell, and acquainted with its organization, a lamentable failure is generally the result. In the picture before us, with one exception—and even in that the specimen may have been distorted—so accurate was the eye of the painter, that if he had been aware of the organization of each shell—-knowledge which he probably had not—he could not have represented the objects more correctly. The Nautili*, Strom- bus gigas, Triton, and Pyrula, are painted with great breadth and power, and all are drawn and coloured with wonderful truth ; indeed a conchologist may name every species. One of the Nawfi/i is par- tially uncoated, to show the nacre, and the other dissected, to display the concamerations. None of the shells have the epidermis, and all are of the natural size. The artificial condition of these subjects, and especially of the Naw#ili, is, it must be allowed, rather out of place in an assemblage of testaceans left on the sands by the retired tide, unless we are to suppose that the sea-nymphs had been amusing themselves by polishing the specimens and displaying the internal structure of one of them; but this very treatment shows that the designs were accurately made from real objects then considered as rarities. With the exception of the Dodo, none of the natural ob- jects represented are now rare. The shells, especially those whose habitats are the seas of the Antilles, are at present very common ; but at the date of the picture—the second year of the reign of our first Charles—the natural productions of the West Indies were not well known, and were, comparatively, very scarce. With the shells on the shore is the cranium of a carnivorous quadruped, apparently of the family Canide. The monster-cetacean in the distance has * Nautilus pompilius. 97 evidently no chance with the avenger who is coming down upon him mounted on a winged steed. But Pegasus, who, with other prodi- gies, sprang from the blood that dropped from Medusa’s head, as the conqueror who had cut it off with his harpe traversed the air with his gory trophy, immediately winged its flight to Helicon, there to become the pet of the Muses. The best version of this mythological story relates that when Perseus afterwards killed the sea~-monster and delivered Andromeda on the coast of Ethiopia, he effected his pur- pose by raising himself in the air through the aid of the wings and talaria given to him by Mercury, and not with the help of the winged horse on which most of the painters mount him. Professor Owen informs me that Roland Savery’s picture containing the Dodo, in the Berlin collection, bears the date of 1626 ; and that the colour of the Dodo in the Duke of Northumberland’s picture resembles that of the portrait of the bird, of life size, by the same painter, now at Oxford. L’Estrange describes the hue of the back of the living Dodo which he saw exhibited in London “about 1638,” as-of “dunn or deare colour.” 2. Descriptions oF E1gHTEEN New Species oF LAND SHELLS, FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF Mr. DEeNNISON AND H. CumInG, Esa. By Dr. L. Preirrer. 1. ANOSTOMA CARINATUM, Pfr. A. testa longe rimata, conoideo- lenticulari, solidula, acute carinata, pallida, supra carinam et ad suturam anguste castaneo-fasciata ; spira breviter conoidea; anfr. 5 planiusculis, superis striatulis, ultimo irregulariter et undulatim costulato-striato, basi convexo, castaneo maculato, antice scrobicu- lato; apertura peripheriam spire continuante, semicirculari, la- mellis 6 validis, flexuosis coarctata ; perist. albo, late expanso et reflexo, margine dextro ad insertionem foramine magno, oblongo munito. Diam. maj. 243, min. 19, alt. 13 mill. Hab. Brazils. 2. Heuix Dennisoni, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, subglobosa, solida, striatula, non nitente, opaca, alba, strigis crebris, angustis, nigricantibus et fulvis, subflexuosis radiata ; spira conoideo-semi- globosa, obtusula; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo rotundato, antice subito deflexo, constricto; apertura parvula, perobliqua, lunari, intus nitide livida; perist. intus fusco-labiato, marginibus callo intrante, saturate castaneo junctis, dextro perarcuato, vir expanso, basali dilatato, plano, adnato, castaneo. Diam. maj. 20, min. 18, alt. 15 mill. Hab. Cuba (Powis). 3. Herrx MacAnprewiana, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, conoi- deo-globosa, solidula, striis incrementi et confertissimis spiralibus sud lente decussata, pallide rosea, lineis nigro-spadiceis confertis cincta; spira conoidea, apice rubra, obtusa; sutura mediocri ; 58 anfr. 4, superis convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, antice vix descen- dente, basi unicolore roseo; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato- lunari, intus sordide vinosa ; perist. simplice, marginibus distanti- bus, dextro acuto, columellari purpurascente, sursum dilatato, re- flexo, adnato. Diam. maj. 17, min. 14, alt. 13 mill. Hab. Great Salvages Island (MacAndrew). 4. Hewix curruta, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, convexo-depressa, tenui, levigatissima, nitida, pellucida, fusco-cornea; spira forni- cata ; sutura levi, submarginata; anfr. 5, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria rotundato, basi medio impresso, calloso ; apertura parum obliqua, lunari; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, margine basali leviter arcuato, ad columellam subincrassato. Diam. maj. 5, min. 43, alt. 23 mill. Hab. New Zealand. 5. Hewrx ceroipes,Pfr. H. testa mediocriter umbilicaia, convero- depressa, tenui, minutissime striatula, griseo-cerea ; spira parum elevata; sutura subprofunda; anfr. 4, conveviusculis, sensim ac- crescentibus, ultimo non descendente, rotundato ; apertura subver- ticalt, rotundato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, marginibus convergentibus, columellari superne patente. Diam. maj. 5, min. 4, alt. 23 mill. Hab. Juan Fernandez. 6. Hexrx Armipa, Pfr. JH. testa subperforata, subturbinata, te- nuiuscula, minute striatula, diaphana, nitidula, fulvo-cornea ; spira convexo-conoidea, vertice subtili obtusulo, sutura impressa, albo- marginata; anfr. 6, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria carina brevi, acuta, alba munito, basi con- vexiore ; apertura fere verticali, subangulato-lunari ; perist. sim- plice, recto, marginibus distantibus, columellari declivi, superne subincrassato. Diam. maj. 16, min. 14, alt. 8 mill. Hab. Philippines, Mount Isarog, isle of Luzon. 7. Heirx veronica, Pfr. A. testa umbilicata, depressa, discoi- dea, radiatim minutissime striatula, ad suturam obsolete spiraliter striata, pellucida, nitida, virenti-cornea; spira plana, levissime immersa; sutura vix impressa; anfr. 35, subplanis, rapide ac- crescentibus, ultimo non descendente, depresso, peripheria rotun- dato ; umbilico mediocri, parum profundo, medio contracto ; aper- tura parum obliqua, rotundato-lunata; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, marginibus convergentibus, superne et inferne equalibus. Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 42 mill. Hab. Salomon’s Islands. 8. Hexrx rapipa, Pfr, H. testa umbilicata, depressa, discoidea, tenui, sub lente spiraliter striolata, nitida, pellucida, castanea, strigis et punctis luteis variegata ; spira plana, subimmersa; su- tura subcanaliculata ; anfr. 33, convexiusculis, rapide accrescen- 59 tibus, ultimo lato, depresso, peripheria rotundato, antice non de- scendente, basi parum convexro, sensim in umbilicum mediocrem ascendente; apettura parum obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist. simplice, recto, acuto, marginibus subconniventibus. Diam. maj. 73, min. 63, alt. 3 mill. Hab. New Zealand and Salomon’s Islands. 9. Hextix conompnata, Pfr. 4H. testa umbilicata, perdepressa, discoidea, tenui, vix striatula, acutissime carinata, pallide fulva, superne et inferne fasciis singulis, angustis, rufis ornata ; spira vir elevata ; sutura initio profunda, tandem lineari ; anfr. 4, rapide accrescentibus, primis convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, ca- rina brevi acutissima, utrinque marginata munito, basi viz con- vexiore; umbilico 4 diametri subequante, regulariter conico; aper- tura perobliqua, depresse securiformi; perist. simplice, recto, mar- gine supero antrorsum arcuato, basali ad umbilicum arcuatim ascendente, superne subincrassato. Diam. maj. 26, min. 223, alt. 7 mill.. Hab. Philippine Islands. 10. Hexix Huanernensis, Pfr. dH. testa late umbilicata, con- vexo-depressa, tenuiuscula, striata, opaca, pallide cornea, rufo strigata et maculata; spira convexa, minutissime mucronata; su- tura lineari; anfr. 6, planiusculis, lentissime accrescentibus, ul- timo carinato, non descendente, basi circa umbilicum subcompresso ; apertura obliqua, subtetragona, lamella intrante parietali coarc- tata; perist. simplice recto, marginibus vix convergentibus. Diam. maj. 6, min. 54, alt. 22 mill. Hab. Huaheine, Society Islands. 11. Hexix rucata, Pfr. 4H. testa imperforata, conica, solidius- cula, sub lente spiraliter striata, nitidula, alba, fasciis subinter- ruptis luteis et 3 angustis, nigricantibus ornata; spira conica, acutiuscula ; sutura levi; anfr. 5, vir convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, superne punctis corneis pellucidis irregulariter ad- sperso, peripheria obsolete angulato, basi planiusculo, macula co- lumellari nigra picto ; apertura diagonali, rotundato-lunari, intus late spadiceo-fasciata ; perist. simplice, margine deztro recto, acuto, basali subreflexo, columellari superne dilatato, violaceo. Diam. maj. 17, min. 15, alt. 14} mill. Hab. Wide Bay, east coast of Australia (Strange). 12. Hetix SHancuiensis, Pfr. 4H. testa mediocriter umbilicata, trochiformi, tenui, oblique submembranaceo-striata, lardeo-micante, rufo-cornea; spira regulariter conica, acutiuscula; sutura im- pressa; anfr. 7, convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, peripheria carinato, basi convexo, granulato, sub- hispido ; apertura fere diagonali, lunato-rotundata; perist. sim- plice, marginibus subconniventibus, supero recto, basali subreflexo, columellari patente. Diam. maj. 13, min. 114, alt. 82 mill. Hab. Shanghi, China (Fortune). 60 13. Virrina Keprewi, Pfr. V. testa depressa, ambitu oblonga, tenui, arcuatim presertim ad suturam striatula, nitidissima, pel- lucida, albido-virente ; spira plana, vertice subtili viz prominulo ; sutura impressa, submarginata; anfr. vie 3, rapide accrescenti- bus, ultimo basi convexo, angusto; apertura ampla, obliqua, ovali; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro antrursum dilatato, colu- mellari perarcuato, membranaceo-submarginato. Diam. 14, alt. 6 mill. Hab. New Caledonia (Keppell). 14. Virrina PLANospiRA, Pfr. V. testa ambitu ovali, tenui, striatula, pellucida, nitida, corneo-virente ; spira parvula, plana ; sutura viv impressa; anfr. 3, rapidissime accrescentibus, ultimo superne depresso, basi conveziore, angusto, membranaceo-submar- ginato ; apertura ampla, perobliqua, lunato-rotundata, intus sub- margaritacea ; perist. tenui, margine dextro arcuatim introrsum dilatato, expansiusculo, columellari perarcuato. Diam. 13, alt. 7 mill. Hab. Salomon’s Islands. 15. Virrina Satomonta, Pfr. V. testa globosa conica, tenuis- sima, confertim oblique plicata, pellucida, nitida, fusco-olivaces ; spira conica, obtusiuscula; sutura impressa; anfr. 4, convezis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante ; apertura obliqua, ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus regulariter arcuatis. Diam. 9, alt. 11 mill. Hab. Salomon’s Islands. 16. Succingea MARGARITA, Pfr. S. testa ovato- conica, tenuissima, striatula, nitida, pellucida, pallidissime luteo-cornea ; spira brevi, obtusula; anfr. 3, penultimo convexo, ultimo } longitudinis for- mante, dilatato ; columella simplice, vix callosa, leviter arcuata ; apertura obliqua, subregulariter ovali, ubique incumbente ; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro regulariter arcuato. Long. 7, diam. 5 mill. Hab. St. Domingo (Saillé). 17. Hexicina BarsapeEnsis, Pfr. H. testa sublenticulari, tenui, sub lente irregulariter rugulosa, haud nitida, diaphana, lutescenti- albida; spira breviter conoidea, acuminatiuscula ; sutura viz im- pressa; anfr. 43, subplanulatis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo utringue convexiusculo, peripheria acute carinato, carina antice obsoletiore ; columella brevissima, callum emittente parvulum, cir- cumscriptum ; apertura diagonali, triangulari-semiovali ; perist. simplice, undique reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 3 mill. Hab. Barbadoes. 18. Hexictna (ALcADIA) RUBELLA, Pfr. H. testa conoideo-de- pressa, tenui, oblique striatula, breviter pilosa (detrita oleoso-mi- cante, diaphana), rubello-cornea; spira convexa, vertice mucro- nulato ; anfr 54, angustis, vir convexiusculis, ultimo ad periphe- 61 riam obsolete subangulato, basi convewiore ; apertura fere diago- nali, semilunari; columella brevi, in denticulum sulco a callo basali tenuissimo separatum desinente ; perist. tenut, undique breviter expanso, margine basali subrectilineari, incisura levi a columella separato.—Operc. membranaceum, concolor. Diam. maj. 63, min. 55, alt. 4 mill. Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies. 3. Descriptions or Five New Species or Hummine Birps. By Joun Goutp, F.R.S. Mr. Gould exhibited five new species of Humming Birds; four collected on the eastern slope of the Andes by M. Warzewicz, remark- able for their size and their great beauty, and one lately received by M. Linden of Brussels, from the Sierra Nevada of Santa Martha, at an elevation of 5000 feet. They were described and named as follows :-— 1. Heviantuea [rts. Forehead magnificent green, succeeded on the sides by rich orange and in’ the centre by blue, all with a highly metallic lustre ; throat, neck and chest glittermg green, with a small gorget of purplish feathers in the centre of the former; posterior part of the body and tail chestnut-red. Total length, 55 inches; bill, 13; wing, 3}; tail, 23. Hab. Eastern slope of the Andes. 2. HeELIANTHEA AURORA. The whole of the crown rich metallic green; throat and back of the neck also metallic green, but not so lustrous as on the crown; body and tail chestnut-red, as in the preceding species, but not of so deep a hue. Total length, 53 inches; bill, 1,5,; wing, 3; tail, 2. Hab. Fastern slope of the Andes. 3. HELIANGELUS VIOLA. Throat and upper part of the chest of the most beautiful violet colour ; spot on the forehead brilliant verditer-green ; neck, back and abdomen green; tail black. Total length, 5 inches; bill, 2; wing, 22; tail, 23. Hab. Eastern slope of the Andes. Remark.—Somewhat allied to Heliangelus Parzudaki. 4, Trocuivs ( ?) CYANOCOLLIS. Crown of the head and sides of the neck greenish blue; upper surface bronzy green; under surface snow-white ; tail bronzy green, obscurely crossed near the tip with a dusky band, except the two middle feathers. Total length, 33 inches; bill, 2; wing, 23; tail, 12. Hab. Eastern slope of the Andes. Remark,.—Nearly allied to Trochilus Francie. 62 5. TrocuiLus (——?) FLORICEPS. Forehead buffy white, passing into a beautiful deep peach-blossom hue on the crown; throat grey, passing into the rufous of the abdo- men; middle tail-feathers bronzy ; lateral tail-feathers largely tipped with buff. Total length, 3} inches; bill, 4,; wing, 14; tail, 1,5. Hab. Sierra Nevada of Santa Martha, at an elevation of 5000 feet. May 10, 1853. W. Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair. The following paper was read :— On a New Species or THALASSIDROMA. By Greorce Rosert Gray, F.L.S. & F.Z.S. A specimen of a Stormy Petrel, from the north-west coast of Ame- rica, has lately been kindly presented to the British Museum by Miss Hornby ; as it differs from all those that I am acquainted with, I am induced to bring it before the meeting. In form it agrees best with Thalassidroma furcata, but the colo- ration differs much in several particulars.—Front, cheeks, throat, collar round the hind part of the neck, breast and abdomen pure white; crown, hind head, a broad band in front of neck, bend of wing and lesser wing-coverts sooty grey ; upper part of back grey ; lower part of back and tail ashy grey; greater wing-coverts brownish grey; tertiaries and quills deep black. Total length, 81; bill from gape, 103", from front, 83'"; tail (outer feather), 33"; tarsus, 1; middle toe, 1". I propose to give this species the appellation of Thalassidroma Hornbyi, after Admiral Hornby, who obtained it during his com- mand on the Pacific station, where he collected many interesting animals for his brother-in-law, the late President of this Society. 63 May 24, 1853. Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair. The following paper was read :— Notes on A CreTAceous ANIMAL STRANDED ON THE NortTH- EAST COAST OF IRELAND. By GrorGe GuLLIveER, F.R.S. On Saturday, May 14, 1853, a herd of cetaceous animals appeared at Dundrum Bay, many of which got away, and others were stranded. I saw on the following days about twenty-five of them lying dead there on the sand. The largest was nearly nimeteen feet, and the smallest between nine and ten feet long. They were all furnished with perfect teeth. The greater number were females; in a group of nine large ones, lying near together, six were females and three males. I was told that their death-throes were dreadful; they rose on their tails, bellowed like bulls, floundered about, and spouted bloody sand and water, as they were attacked with different destructive in- struments by the peasantry. From one of the animals, between six- teen and seventeen feet long, a perfect foetus, presently to be described, was taken, so that the breeding time of this species may be considered as now determined. One of them had the iron head of a harpoon imbedded in its back, and the wound completely healed over. In the second large compartment of the stomach were numerous fish-bones, completely denuded of all soft parts by digestion. The following measurements may be useful for future reference :— Measurements of a Male. ft. in Length from the snout to the end of the middle Orpihe taal oo... a « MUA te Oe En, POR 18 6 Greatest girth, excluding back fin............ 12 6 Hength of pectoral fin Ae 2 FOR et 0 5 0 Breadth of base of pectoral fin .............. ere Breadth of pectoral fin at one foot fromits pomt 0 4 Length of base of back fin.................. out) Bicight of, back fo ei. 602 3.2.0'3.5. HYPO a Breadth of tail from point to point .......... 3 10 Measurements of a Female. gic Length from snout to end of middle of tail.... 16 0 Greatest girth, excluding back fin............ 9 60 Ril OMe Wel MENA CYES. om fies) aa 5 cn shod + 3 Length of each side of mouth .............. La 0 RPE RW TOME UO) EY Ca cc kn eo aca Moe) wails Dee From eye to blowhole eda eM pT La 2 From snout to base of pectoral fin ete ne ad LL The blowhole behind a line intersecting the eyes 0 1 64 ft;. “sin: From the snout to beginning of dorsal fin .... 4 I1 From the end of the base of the dorsal fin to the end of the middle of the tail .......... 8 From snout to vent .... Pees em From snout to the orifice aE fet WEAR oo. 10 From snout to the mammary slits. . Soe, Sem LO From point of lower jaw to the navel ........ 6 From the eye to the angle of the mouth ...... 0 The eye above a line drawn from the base of the upper jaw along centre of the sides of the body From the knob of the snout to the upper BPs ¢ Length of the mammary slit . Transverse distance from mammary lit to: ori- Acevot the Vase “Ae ay. ey heia- aide sé Dorsalcfin atu Dasera bape eye at. . uae Dorsal fin over its convexity ................ Height of dorsal fin ...... Huenpth, of pectoral fri ip.) cisco) erty. rigald «knek Breadth of base of pectoral Aye ‘aled et bow Length of opening of eyelid .. tethers 5 Diameter of Sve lAlh toc oin. Ghngt-Y peamEAy a6 Diameter; Oh COTNEA: xi) dc ersiepshs “zu Bo0) ots Lensth;of, crown, of, tooth, 38. icles se oft dns LRooTooke leo —" tole _— Kee OUMNOARF Go OS & (| Go| > }09 Ea ooo COCOWK WN OS ooo Lia Measurements of a Foetus. Length from snout to the end of the middle of the tail ...... Sie SPOR Heo, DONG Girth, excluding pnckeyfiniviall, 1. Bitar: xf eon From centre of snout to opposite the base of the PeCOral Tin. even 2 NO ee ee eRe Snout to beginning of the back fin ........ From the upper lip to the blowhole . . From point of lower jaw to navel .. . From point of lower jaw to vagina .... From the eye to the centre of the snout ...... Length of base of back fin.................. eight of back’ tm... .. s.atet aad. 10.0). Heneth of pectoral fir wy. 5, si.s-a.3. 50. me Breadth of base of pectoral fin.............. Hierneth Ai-MMbeMMER oe Pace ee as ob 4 os 30 # = 5 he or tol ee COWUFWONOYK OOS SCooconnon- _ bol bol Anatomy.—Through the kindness of Mr. Brabazon, the excellent surgeon of Downpatrick, I had an opportunity of examining the foetus of which the measurements have just been given. As the dissection was suddenly stopped, the details are imperfect, though accurate as far as they go. The skin was of a dark leaden colour, and the blubber on the sides of the body about half an inch thick. ‘There were soft fringes or processes of the gums, corresponding in situation and number to the coming teeth. 65 The thymus of moderate size, at the usual situation in the chest, and sending no process to the neck. The spleen and a spleniculus together scarcely so big as a walnut. A flat rounded gland, about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, situated above the renal vessels on each side, and at a distance of upwards of an inch from the kid- ney, had more the appearance of a lymphatic gland than of the supra- renal body. On opening the chest, each lung was seen to be covered with lym- phatic vessels, running to a gland at the sterno-ventral aspect of the free edge of the lung. The gland was very juicy, had every appear- ance of a lymphatic gland, and measured one inch and a quarter long and five-eighths broad. This pulmonary gland in the adult is harder, more fibrous, and less juicy, and measures four and a half inches long by two broad. The stomach with two chief compartments; the first continuing backwards on a line with the gullet, and lined, like it, with a white thick smooth membrane and epithelium ; the second, or true digest- ing stomach, lined with a mucous membrane in folds, and somewhat smaller than the first, of a more rounded form, and extending from its middle to the duodenum. In the first was a quantity of thick, opake, whitish fluid, and in the second a little mucus. There was no gall-bladder. The bile-duct, close to the duodenum, was as thick as a goose quill. The last portion of the intestine was full of meconium, like that of the human feetus. There was no cecum; the intestines were nearly uniform in size throughout, their surface smooth and not at all cellulated. Length of the whole intestinal canal, from stomach to vent, thirty feet. The kidneys large and lobulated throughout ; the lobules from a quarter to half an inch in diameter, and having each a very delicate capsule of connecting tissue. The blood-vessels enter the kidney, not near its middle, but at its fore and inner or atlanto-mesial end. The mesenteric glands moderate in size and number, of uniform consistency, and without any cavity or hollow in them, unlike those of the whale described by Mr. Abernethy. The womb with two horns, and the ovaries in the usual situation ; mammary slits on a level with and near to the orifice of the vagina. ae bladder empty, and the urethra opening just behind the clitoris. Descriptive Characters.—Teeth conical and slightly curved inwards, from eight to twelve on each side of the jaws, making from thirty-two to forty-eight teeth altogether ; but eleven on either side of each jaw is a common number, and there is sometimes one more in the upper than in the under jaw on each side. Dorsal fin large, convex above and extending behind into a hooked or eurved pomt. Pectoral fins long, narrow, and tapering toa point. Tail crescent-shaped. Mouth sloping downwards and forwards. Eyes above and behind the angles of the mouth. Top of the head round, and not prominent, though the snout is remarkably so. No nipples yet protruding, but merely ‘ a longitudinal mammary slit on each side of the orifice of the vagina No. CCLII.—Procrepinecs or tHE ZooLoGicaL Society. 66 in the female; a large penis in the male. Skin smooth, shining, and black throughout, save two whitish brown patches at the throat and near the vent and genitals; in a few males and females this light colour extends in a narrow strip from these points along the under part of the body, but never behind the eye, or elsewhere. The blubber was 12ths inch thick on the sides, much thicker on the back, and composing the whole thickness of the snout. The cuticle, which on its outer surface was like oil skin, when stripped off, exhibited on its under side a jet-black velvet-like rete mucosum, furnished with a very great abundance of black pigment. Around the eyeball was a firm bony plate in the sclerotic coat ; and a white funnel-shaped ligament, extremely thick, tough and strong, was at- tached by its base to the eyeball, and surrounded the optic nerve, As there is no opportunity here of consulting the published de- scriptions and figures of the Cetacea, I am uncertain at present of the species of this one. It does not correspond with any description in the Rev. Leonard Jenyns’s ‘ Manual of the Vertebrata,’ a copy of which is my travelling companion. The present animal approaches nearest to his Grampus (Delphinus orca) and Ca’ing Whale (D. me- las of Traill and D. deductor of Scoresby). But it is smaller than either of them, though I suspect it will prove to be Traill’s D. melas, and has not the white spot behind the eye, nor the broad pectoral fins of the Grampus, nor the very convex top to the head, the small average number of teeth (which he makes only twenty-four in all), nor the colour of the skin of his Ca’ing Whale. The animals which I examined had a convex rounded snout, its thickness made up of gristly blubber, which it is possible may have been erroneously de- scribed as the “top of the head.” The Rey. Charles Archibald, whom I had the pleasure of meeting among the carcases, directed my attention to the difference between the pectoral fins of this species and those of the Grampus. The relative position of the back fin, so much more forward in the adult than in the foetus, is remarkable; and, indeed, the comparative measurements exhibit some interesting facts as to development. Dundrum, co. Down, May 20, 1853. Postscript.—The animal is undoubtedly the same as that described under the name of the Uyea Sound or Ca’ing Whale by Mr. Patrick Neill in 1806, and afterwards figured by Dr. Traill from a drawing by Mr. James Watson; by Cuvier; by Captain Scoresby, Mr. Bell, and Mr. Couch. But though these figures are sufficient to identify the species, they all represent the pectoral fin as narrower at the base than it really is; and most of them show a twist of the tail, which was observed in none of the specimens at Dundrum Bay. Cuvier’s plate is the only one that gives an idea of the pointed end of the dorsal fin; all the others represent this posterior termination of the fin too blunt, rounded, or short, though Mr. Couch correctly describes it as fal- cate. No doubt, the fcetus, 4 feet 8 inches long, from Dundrum Bay, 67 was nearly ready for birth in the middle of May. Dr. Traill men- tioned sucklings five feet long in December 1806, at Scapay Bay, one of the Orkneys; Mr. Neill says that most of the adult females at Uyea Sound, Unst, were either pregnant, or giving suck to their tooth- less young, in February and March 1805; and in January 1812, in the neighbourhood of Paimpol, near the northern extremity of Bre- tagne, M..Lamaoiit found the young seven or eight feet long, and with cuttle-fish, cod, and milk in their stomachs. M. F. Cuvier states that this species is remarkable for the sphe- rical form of the anterior part of the head, and that his brother had named it “‘ globiceps, 4 cause de la forme arrondie de sa téte.” But the “very rounded top of the head,” or “remarkably convex and prominent forehead,’’ included by systematic writers in the specific characters of the Ca’ing Whale, and even among the otherwise judi- cious observations of Mr. Couch, does not properly belong to it; for the forehead of the skull is flat, as in other porpoises, though the prominent upper muzzle or snout-knob is sufficiently remarkable, and not badly represented in the plates already mentioned. But, as I have caused a young skull to be sent to the British Mu- seum, and Mr. Brabazon has presented a complete skeleton of the adult male animal to the same national collection, Dr. Gray has exa- mined them, and that eminent zoologist has favoured me with the following note of the result :—‘I have compared the skeleton with the species which have been usually described under the name of D. globiceps, and it would appear that the shape of the head of the animal scarcely justified that name ; I can find no difference between the Irish and the other specimens.” June 14, 1853. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. Dr. Crisp exhibited the alimentary canal and ova of a Cuckoo (C. canorus), dissected on the 30th of May last. Some facts were observed that were thought of sufficient interest to place before the Society. A perfect egg was found in the oviduct, ready for expul- sion, and about fifty in the ovary ; two of the size of large peas, the others much smaller; a circumstance which tends to confirm the opinion that the eggs of this bird are deposited at intervals of seven or eight days. The gizzard was lined with a hair-like substance, which, under the microscope, proved to be the spines from the legs of beetles. The gizzard contained a large quantity of the remains of the Cockchafer, and one of the Click-beetles, but no trace of a Caterpillar was dis- covered. In 1834 Mr. Thompson exhibited the gizzard of a Cuckoo at the Society (Proceedings, p. 29), and at first the hairy lining was 68 supposed to be a natural structure, but Prof. Owen, on microscopic examination, believed that the hairs were from the larva of the Tiger- moth (Arctia caja). Dr. Crisp thought the subject worthy of future inquiry, and that it would be important to ascertain whether this hairy lining is present in the Caprimulgide and other insectivorous birds. As regards the spines of the beetles and the hairs of the larva of the Tiger-moth, the microscope shows this important difference,—the hairs are all furnished with alternate lateral aciculz ; the spines of the beetles are smooth, with sharp points. Explanatory drawings of the parts were exhibited. Dr. Crisp also showed two new species of worms which he had recently obtained ; one from the lung of the Egyptian Cobra (Naja Hajé) which had been in the Society’s collection. It is 3 inches long, and its chief peculiarity consists in its annular protuberances, twenty-eight in number. Dr. Baird has described this worm as a new species, in the British Museum Catalogue, under the name of Pentastoma annulatum*. The other specimens were two nematoid worms, which Dr. Crisp obtained from the knee-joint. of the common Coot (Fulica atra). They are of a cylindrical form, highly elastic, and coiled in a spiral manner round each other; the larger of the two, when extended, is about two inches in length, the smaller about an inch and a half; the extremities are tapering ; the tail pointed; the head more orbicular. Under a power of 50 diameters, the alimentary canal can be distinctly seen. Dr. Crisp believed that this worm had not been before described ; it most resembled the Spiroptera Falconis of Rudolphi, or the Spi- roptera serpentulus of Diesing. In the Museum of the London College of Surgeons (prep. 170) there are two Filarie, one about six inches long, from the knee-jomt of the Kangaroo (Macropus major): and Diesing, in his ‘Systema Helminthum,’ 1850, mentions the Filaria subspiralis, from the tendons of the foot of a Crane; and the Spiroptera serpentulus, from the leg and foot tendons of sevetal species of Falcon. The following paper was read :— ON A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROCOLAPTES. By Putuie Luriey Scuater. (Aves, Pl. LVII.) The fine species of Dendrocolaptes which I now bring before the notice of the Society, was discovered by Mr. Wallace in the neighbour- hood of Para. My specimen is from the Capin river, where it was collected in June 1849. A second, in Mr. Wallace’s own collection, marked ‘ Para,’ is the only other I have seen. Had I not the authority of Mr. Eyton and the Baron de la Fresnaye for considering * Dr. Baird has also given a description and figure of this worm, in the Pro- eedings for the present year, page 22. .Annulosa, Pl. XXX, fig. 7, Proc, Z.5. Aves. LI Wolf, lith. M & N. Hanhart,Imp' DENDROCOLAPTES EYTONI. Sdaze. 69 the present bird as hitherto undescribed, I should hardly have ven- tured to characterize a species of this family, which is one of those most perplexing to ornithologists, by reason of the great similarity of colouring that pervades the group. The Baron de la Fresnaye, who has lately written a most complete monograph of these birds in the ‘Revue de Zoologie,’ has mentioned this species in a recent number of that periodical, under the MS, name I had proposed for it when on a visit to him eighteen months ago. This makes it desirable, I think, to give it specific characters at once, in order to avoid the evils of leaving a published name without a published description attached. The specific name is in honour of Mr. Eyton, who has worked a ereat deal at the Dendrocolaptine, and published the results of his labours in the shape of descriptions of several new species, and a general list of the whole subfamily, in the ‘Contributions to Orni- thology’ for last year. Denprocoxaptes Eyront, Sclater. D. supra cinnamomeo-brun- neus ; caude colore intensiore, primariis intus ad apices obscu- rioribus ; capitis collique superit plumis nigrescentibus, linea lata mediali fulvo-albida ; subtus, mento et gula albis ; pectore toto et ventre summo albido flammulatis, singulis plumis plaga mediali albida utrinque brunneo marginata ; ventre imo et la- teribus fulvis ; tectricibus subalaribus pallide brunneis ; rostro paululum incurvo; mandibula superiore nigrescente, inferiore corneo ; pedibus nigris. Long. tota, 9-5; alee, 4-0; rostri a rictu, 1-9; a fronte, 1-5. Hab. in vicinitate Pare, imp. Brasiliensis. June 28, 1853. W. Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair. The following paper was read :— Descriptions or New SHELLS FROM THE COLLECTION OF H. Cumine, Esa. By Artaur Apams, F.L.S. etc. 1. Garrarium (Corsis) caiatum, A. Adams. G. testa equi- valvi, subcompressa, equilaterali, alba, transversim ovali, utrin- que rotundata, costellis transversis, concentricis, crenatis et tu- berculis triangularibus, squamiformibus in interstitiis pulcher- rime celata ; tuberculis antice et postice validioribus et imbri catis ; margine ventrali arcuato, crenulato. Hab. Sorsogon, Island of Luzon, coarse sand, 6 fathoms (1. C.). Mus. Cuming, 70 2. Garrarium (Corsis) scirutum, A. Adams. G. testa equi- valvi, subequilaterali, alba, opaca, compressiuscula, lamellis concentricis, equidistantibus ornata, interstitiis lineis elevatis, longitudinalibus concinne clathratis; latere antico rotundato, postico subangulato, flecuoso, pulcherrime fimbriato ; margine ventrali arcuato, vix denticulato, intus lineis impressis, radiatim dispositis instructo ; sinu pallit impressionis mediocri. Hab. Puerto Gallaro, 10 fathoms, coarse sand. Mus. Cuming. 3. RANELLA sucunpDa, A. Adams. R. testa fusiformi, albida, Sascia fusca ad suturas ornata ; anfractibus septem, rotundatis, liris elevatis, longitudinalibus et transversis, concinne clathratis ; sutura valde profunda ; varicibus duabus, lateralibus, dilatatis, radiatim costellatis, marginibus dentatis ; apertura orbiculart, postice integra, antice canaliculata ; canali aperta, producta, postice subrecurvata. Hab. North Australia. Mus. Cuming. 4. Typuis rimBriatus, A. Adams. 7. testa muriciformi, albida, rufo variegata; spira producta ; anfractibus 5-6, gradatis, planulatis, superne angulatis, transversim liratis; varicibus tribus, fimbriatis, interstitiis tubulis brevibus, truncatis, in- structis ; anfractu ultimo antice producto, fascia fusca, trans- versa ornato; apertura ovali, postice integra, antice canalicu- lata ; canali producta, vie clausa ; labro extus valde fimbriato, jfimbria antrorsum curvata. Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming. 5. Murex piapema, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi, um- bilicata, carneo-fulvescenti ; spira producta, anfractibus octo, am medio angulatis, spinis incurvatis, subfoliatis, eleganter coronatis, liris transversis, squamulosis, confertis ornatis ; anfractu ultimo subventricoso, spinis foliatis, laciniatis in- structo, antice porcis tribus, transversis, squamosis ornato ; apertura ovali ; labio simplice, recto ; labro acuto, intus lirato ; canali aperta, brevi, postice subcurvata; regione umbilicali squamis imbricatis circumdata. Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming. 6. Murex pumitus, A. Adams. M. testa parva, carneola, ovato-fusiformi ; spira elevata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis ; anfractu ultimo varicibus quinque marginibus denticulatis, liris majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus; liris squamoso-asperis ; apertura ovali, labio antice tuberculifero, labro interne valde lirato ; canali brevi, vix aperta, retrorsum curvata. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 7. Murex Satieanus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi, sordide alba, fusco variegata; anfractibus convexis, costellis transversis, elevatis, nodulosis, interstitiis elevatim liratis, ornatis ; varicibus tribus, transversim costato-spinosis, inter- - 71 stitiis nodosis ; apertura rotundato-ovali, intus alba, postice canaliculata ; canali producta, vix clausa, antice subreflexa. Hab. Saint Domingo, West Indies. Mus. Cuming. 8. Murex pauxinuus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi, rimata, nigro-fusca, fasciis albis ornata ; spira producta, aper- turam equante; anfractibus septem; varicibus parvis, sub- confertis ; liris duabus, ad varices nodatis ; interstitiis squa- mulis instructis; anfractu ultimo fasciis tribus, albis, trans- versis ornato, varicibus septem et costis asperis, ad varices no- datis, instructo ; apertura ovali; labio simplice ; labro intus albido et nodoso-lirato, extus fimbriato; canali brevi, aperta, viz reflexa. Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming. 9. Murex triviatis, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusifornm, rufescente, lineis transversis, fuscis ornata; spira producta ; anfractibus septem, convexis ; varicibus tribus, squamigeris, interstitiis nodulis, sepe duplicatis, ornatis ; apertura ovalt, postice sulcata; labro intus lirato; canali aperta, recta, sub- producta. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 10. Murex rimspriatus, A. Adams. WM. testa solida, pyriforme, albida, rufo sparsim variegata ; spira brevi; anfractibus qua- tuor, superne excavatis; varicibus septem, reflexis, Jimbriatis, radiatim costatis, concinne squamulosis, marginibus laciniatis ; anfractu ultimo producto, acuminato ; apertura rotundata, postice integra, antice canaliculata, recta, canali clausa, antice subrecurvata. Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming. 11. Murex scauaris, A. Adams. WM. testa scalariformi, umbi- licata, sordide alba, rufo-fusco variegata ; anfractibus convex- iusculis, ad suturas planulatis; anfractu ultimo varicibus costiformibus novem, liris transversis, elevatis, squamosis, spi- nulosis, ad costas instructo; apertura ovali, postice integra, antice canaliculata ; canali subproducta ; labro intus lirato. Hab. Australia, Moreton Bay (Strange). Mus. Cuming. 12. Murex castus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovata, crassa, alba ; spira brevi, apice acuto; anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis ; ultimo varicibus septem, rotundatis, laminis transversis, subdi- stantibus, marginibus liberis, squamulosis, imbricatis, in serie unica dispositis, ornato ; apertura ovali, postice integra, antice canaliculata; canali vie producta, recurvata, aperta ; labro crenulato, intus lirato. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 13. Murex armatus, A. Adams. M. testa ovato-fusiformt, umbilicata, alba, spira producta ; anfractibus septem in medio angulatis ; anfractu ultimo varicibus octo, spinis acutis, promi- 72 nentibus, majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus, armato, inter- stitiis costis elevatis, eleganter squamulosis, ornatis ; apertura ovali ; labio postice subexpanso, antice tuberculis duobus in- structo; canali producta, vie recurvata. Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming. 14. Murex nirens, A. Adams. M. testa ovato-fusiformi, rimata, alba, nitida, maculis fuscis sparsim ornata ; spira acuta; anfractibus planiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, liris transversis, elevatis, ad costas subspinosis ; apertura ovali, intus lutescente ; labio antice obsolete plicato; labro margine acuto, intus valde lirato; canali brevi, aperta, recurvata. Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 15. Murex Coreanicus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi, triquetra, pallide fusca, maculis castaneis sparsim notata ; anfractibus sublevibus, obsolete liratis ; varicibus tribus, foli- atis, marginibus crenatis, reflexis, dente valido instructis ; inter- stitiis nodo unico ornatis ; apertura ovali, labio antice producto, subrefleco ; labro intus tuberculato, antice dente valido in- structo; canali subrecta, clausa. Hab. Corean Archipelago. Mus. Cuming. 16. Murex Avsrraiensis, A. Adams. M. testa fusiformi, spira producta, albida, rufo-fusco tincta; anfractibus sex convexis, transversim valde liratis, liris subasperis, varicibus prominentibus, spinoso-laciniatis, in seriebus tribus dispositis ; interstitiis nodo unico instructis ; apertura ovali, intus rubra ; canali producta, recta, aperta, extus fimbriato-spinosa. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. 17. Murex coccineus, A. Adams. WM. testa parva, ovato-fu- siformi, coccinea; spira acuminata, producta; anfractibus quingque, transversim valde porcata, porcis ad suturas nodosis ; varicibus equalibus, mediocribus, in anfractu ultimo sex, superne subangulato-spinosis; apertura ovali, intus coccinea; labro intus valde lirato; canali brevi, subreflexa, aperta. Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies. Mus. Cuming. 18. Murex pesrectus, A.Adams. WM. testa fusiformi, sordide alba, ngro-fusco variegata ; anfractibus conveuis, transversim livatis, liris rugosis, inequalibus ; varicibus tribus, foliato-spi- nosis, laciniatis, interstitiis nodo unico instructis; apertura ovali, intus alba, postice canaliculata ; canali producta, recta, via aperta. Hab. West Indies. Mus. Cuming. 19. Murex sussprnosus, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-fusiformi, serotina, nigro-fusco punctata ; anfractibus sex, convexiusculis, transversim valde liratis, liris ad costas nodosis; nodulis Juseis ; varicibus costiformibus, (in anfractu ultimo septem) obliquis, nodoso-spinosis ; apertura ovali, imtus aurantiaca, 73 labio antice triplicato ; labrointus valde dentato ; canal brevi, aperta, subreflexa. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 20. PustoneLLA GRANDIS, A. Adams. PP. testa ovato-fusi- Sormi, alba, levi, spira producta, acuminata; anfractibus novem, planiusculis, ultimo superne subangulato, antice lineis elevatis, transversis instructo ; apertura angusta, ovali; labio levigato, postice calloso, antice carina spirali instructo ; canali postice subreflexa ; labro simplice, acuto. Hab. Ichaboe, W. Africa. Mus. Cuming. A large species entirely of a white colour, and with the surface of the whorls nearly smooth ; the outline of the spire is convex, and the shell is of a solid growth. 21. Pustonevya tirara, A. Adams. P. testa fusiformi, fuscata, spira producta, acuta; anfractibus decem, planulatis, trans- versim liratis, liris elevatis, subgranulosis ; apertura elongato- ovali, antice producta ; canali postice subreflexa ; labio simplice, subflecuoso ; labro acuto, intus levigato. Hab. Senegal. Mus. Cuming. A brown aciculate species, with close-set, transverse, somewhat granulated lire. 22. VexILua LineaTA, A. Adams. J. testa ovali, Susca, lineis albis, transversis ornata ; spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractu ultimo magno, superne rotundato, transversim striato ; apertura elon- gato-ovata, postice canaliculata, antice emarginata, intus cine- rea; labio explanato ; columella arcuata, simplice; labro pla- nulato, intus dentato-lirato, margine crenulato. Hab. Philippines ; Isle of Capul. Mus. Cuming. 23. Triconia nositis, A. Adams. 7’. testa ovata, equivalvi, mequilaterali, alba, transversim striata; latere antico levi, latiore, rotundato, obsolete anguloso, superne viz alato, pro- ducto ; latere postico breviore, producto, truncato, angustato, aperto, radiatim suleato; foramine ovali, marginibus incrassatis, subreflexis ; margine ventrali arcuato, regulari, simplice. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 24. StyLina FuLvescens, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-acuminata, vie rimata, obliqua, pellucida, fulvescente, apice attenuata, stylifera ; suturis impressis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato ; aper- tura ovata, antice subproducta; labro arcuato, margine vix in- crassato, antice subreflexo. Hab. Island of Labuan ; found in a Star-fish. Mus. Gruner and Cuming. 25. Stromaretya Bacont, A. Adams. _S. festa ovali-orbiculata, subturbinata, spira producta, apice acuto; anfractibus superne concavis ; sordide alba, rufo-fusco variegata, transversim spi- raliter sulcata, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis; apertura 74 aperta, intus sulcata; labio subincrassato, albo, reflexo, con- centrice striato. Hab. Swan River. Mus. Cuming. In form this species somewhat resembles S. papyracea, but it is smaller, of a more solid texture, and with colouring and sculpture entirely of a different character. ; 26. SromaTeLLta Cuminei, A. Adams. SS. testa auriformi, imperforata ; spira depressa, lutescenti-albida, transversim spt- raliter costata, costis elevatis, subequalibus, asperis, rufo-fusco articulatis ; interstittis lamellis subimbricatis, tenuibus, longi- tudinalibus ornatis; apertura patula, intus sulcosa; labio subreflexo. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This is a large and elegant species, with a peculiar yellow, glisten- ing tinge in the iutervals between the spiral rugose ribs; the aper- ture is very transverse, and the inner lip is reflexed on the columella. 27. SromaTetta Arasica, A. Adams. 8S. testa ovato-globosa, subturbinata, umbilicata, alba, rubro concinne variegata ; spira producta; anfractibus liratis, ultimo ventricoso, convexo, trans- versim striato; apertura aperta, subovali; columella obliqua, regione umbilicali impressa; labio albo, tenui, reflexo, umbili- cum partim obtegente. Hab. Red Sea. Mus. Cuming. This is a small species with the whorls rounded and simply striated. The colour and markings vary ; the ground, however, is usually white with large irregular reddish blotches. 28. STOMATELLA CALLIosToma, A. Adams. _ S. testa ovato-sub- turbinata, rimata, spira depressa, rufescente, fusco variegata, transversim lirata, liris elevatis, inequalibus ; apertura trans- versim ovali, intus rosea, iridescente; labio tenui, acuto, ar- cuato. Hab. Ceylon. Mus. Cuming. The interior of the aperture in this species is 6f a beautiful irides- cent reddish or violet tint; externally, the whorls are spirally lirate, and of a reddish brown, variegated with markings of a darker colour. 29. SroMATIA BICARINATA, A. Adams. SS. testa turbinata, um- bilicata ; spira producta, lutescente, maculis viridibus radiatim dispositis, ornata; anfractibus planiusculis, superne angulatis, ultimo carinis duabus elevatis, instructo, transversim spirali- ter striato ; apertura mediocri, subtetragonal ; columella recta, antice vie callosa. Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia. Mus. Cuming. This is a very pretty species with a deep umbilicus, and straight columella ; the whorls are furnished with prominent keels, of which there are two on the last whorl; the shell is ornamented with green blotches. 75 July 12, 1853. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On some FISHES ALLIED TO GYMNOTUS. By Aurrep R. WALLACE. My object is to call the attention of the Society to some curious fishes allied to the Electrical Eel, which are abundant in the fresh waters of South America. They present many modifications of form, and will probably constitute a distinct family or subfamily. They may be characterized as fishes of an elongate form, very slender posteriorly, without dorsal or ventral fins, but with a very long anal fin. The intestines are situated immediately behind the head, and occupy a very small portion of the entire length of the fish. The teeth are very small, or altogether wanting. The air-bladder is in some species very long, in others almost obsolete; and the scales are very minute, ovate, concentrically striate, and often so imbedded in mucus as to be invisible till scraped off. The gill-opening is gene- rally very small, and the eyes and nostrils minute. There seems to be sufficient variety of form and structure to justify the establishment of five genera. 1. The true Gymnotus (of which the Gymnotus electricus appears to be the only well-known species), characterized by the anal fin reaching the extremity of the tail, which is flattened; by the air- bladder extending almost the entire length, in a cavity beneath the vertebree ; and by having a single row of short acute teeth in each aw. : 2. The genus Carapus, to which five of my species belong. These have the tail cylindrical and pointed, extending beyond the anal fin ; a band of minute teeth in each jaw; and a double air-bladder, gene- rally of very small size. One of my species appears to be identical with Carapus brachyurus of Bloch. 3. A form, of which I have but one representative, which has a deep body, a rather large mouth, but no teeth, and a small round single air-bladder. 4. Two long-jawed species, which have a very small mouth, xo teeth, and no air-bladder. The larger of these is probably the Gym- notus rostratus of Schneider. 5. The genus Apteronotus, which differs from all the preceding in having a small, but perfectly-formed and rayed caudal fin, a rather large mouth, with the lower jaw shutting within the upper, and the teeth rather acute and prominent in a row on the sides of the jaws only. My representative of this genus appears to be quite distinct from Apteronotus albifrons of Lacépéde. These fishes were all found near the sources of the Rio Negro and 76 Orinoco, one of the most central positions in South America. They are most abundant in the smaller streams, and feed on minute aqua- tic insects. None of them, except the common Gymnotus, have any electrical properties. They are all eaten, though, owing to the number of forked or branched bones in every part of their bodies, they are not much esteemed. . The situation of the vent in these fishes is very peculiar, the in- testine passing forwards from the stomach, instead of backwards, as is usually the case, so that they have the anus situated under the throat; in one of the long-snouted species it is actually considerably in front of the eyes, a peculiarity which I believe does not occur in any other vertebrated animal. This fish, too, is remarkable for the very singular manner in which it is said to feed. It is asserted that it lives principally on ants and white ants, which it obtains by laying its tail out upon land. The ants, attracted by its mucous covering, crawl thickly upon it, when the fish dives down and leaves the ants struggling upon the sur- face of the water, where it is enabled to eat them at its leisure. The Indians assert that, when fishing at night, they often see this take lace. s To give some idea of the distribution of fishes in the rivers of South America, I may mention, that of 205 species which I found in the Rio Negro,— 43 were spinous-finned fishes, principally Percide and Labride ; 54 were Siluride ; 80 were Salmonide ; 24 were other soft-finned fishes, of the families Hsocide, Anguillide and Cyprinide ; and 4 were Ray fish (cartilaginous fishes). 2. Descriptions p ANCYLES NOUVEAUX, DE LA COLLECTION DE M. CumMING, PRECEDEE D'UNE COURTE NOTICE SUR LE GENRE ANCYLUS, ET D’UN CATALOGUE COMPLET DES ESPECES QUI LE COMPOSENT. Par M. J. R. BourGguienat. (Mollusca, Pl. XXV.) M. Cuming, sur la recommandation du savant conchyliologue frangais, M. Deshayes, ayant bien voulu nous communiquer sa col- lection d’ dncyles, nous nous sommes empressés de l’examiner ; et comme nous y avons reconnus plusieurs espéces inconnues jusqu’d ce jour, nous croyons devoir en donner les descriptions. Nous les ferons précéder de quelques courtes notes sur le genre méme auquel ces coquilles nouvelles appartiennent, et d’une liste de toutes les espéces jusqu’ici connues. Mais tout d’abord, n’oublions pas de remercier M. Cuming de la communication si bienveillante qu’il a bien voulu nous faire; l’ex- tréme bonne grace qu’il y a mis ne nous a point surpris; nous n’at- tendions pas moins de lui, tous les conchyliologues savent qu’il joint Proc. Z.5. Mollusca, AAV. “EB Levasseur del et lith, Imp Lemercier, Paris 4.4 Ancylus Cummgianus . 10 _ tty id Drouéetianus . 18 _28 id. Bacomu 26 _ $3 id Saulcyanus . Fam ye % Vers . +4 i 4 , . ‘ : ° . 4 ‘ 1 | ‘ ~ ’ . " ‘ e > ‘ ; hm x 7 ‘ 77 aux connaissances du savant, le caractére distingué du véritable “ gen- tleman.”’ § 1. Historique du genre Ancylus. Le genre Ancylus a été eréé par Etienne Louis Geoffroy en 1767, dans son petit traité des coquilles de Paris; et adopté presque immé- diatement, en 1774, par Othon Frédéric Miller, dans son excellent travail, ‘ Vermium terr. et fluv. Historia,’ vol. ii. p. 199. Le mot Ancylus est tiré du grec, ayctdos, UNCUS, crochu, et ne vient point, ainsi que plusieurs naturalistes le pensent, du vocable latin, Ancila, boucher. Cependant, c’est Martin Lister qui, le premier (en 1678), fit con- naitre sous le nom de Patella fluviatilis, une espéce de ce genre ; espéce qu'il reproduisit en 1685 sous la méme désignation dans les descriptions de son ‘ Historia sive Synopsis Meth. Conch.,’ no. 39. 96. . Depuis cet auteur jusqu’a nos jours les diverses espéces d’ Ancylus ont été rangées tantét dans un genre, tantot dans un autre. Ainsi: Gualtieri, 1742; Linnzeus, 1746, 1758, 1761 et 1767, dans les principales éditions de ses ouvrages; Ginanni, 1757; Pennant, 1777; DaCosta, 1778; Schroter, 1779; Gmelin, 1788; Bruguiére, 1789; Poiret, 1801; Montagu, 1803; Schlotheim, 1818; Turton, 1819; Dillwyn, 1823 ; Wood, 1828, &c., ont places les Ancyles dans le genre Patella. Klein, 1753, dans le genre Calyptra. Des Alliers @’ Argenville, 1742; Buc’hoz, 1771, dans le genre Lepas. Denis de Montfort, 1810, dans le genre Helcion. Oken, 1816, dans celui des Bulimus. Fleming, 1828, dans les Crepidula. Gray, 1840, dans les genres Ancylus et Velletia. Mais le genre Ancylus, créé par Geoffroy en 1767, adopté par Mil- ler en 1774, a été successivement employé par Draparnaud, 1801 et 1805; Férussac, 1807; Millet, 1813; Desmarest, 1814; Brard, 1815; C. Pfeiffer, 1821; Lamarck, Nilsson et Férussac, 1822; Deshayes, 1824; De la Pylaie, Risso, Sowerby, 1826; Lyell, 1827; Sander- Rang, 1829; Menke, Zieten, 1830; Michaud, 1831, &e. &c., enfin par tous les conchyliologues de nos jours. Le genre Ancylus a été également balloté de famille en famille :— De Roissy, 1805, place ce genre dans la famille des Patelles. Duméril, 1806, dans celle des Dermobranches. Lamarck, 1822, dans celle des Calyptraciens. Férussac, 1819 et 1822; Menke, 1828; Deshayes, 1830, dans celle des Lymnéens. Hartmann, 1821, dans celle des Preumonés Limnophiles. De Blainville, 1825, dans celles des Otidés et des Subaplysiens. Latreille, 1825, dans celle des Limnocochlides. Risso, 1826, dans celle des Auricules. Fleming, 1828, dans celle des Pulmoniferes aquatiques. Sander-Rang, 1829, dans celle des Semiphyllidiens. Turton, 1801, dans celle des Patellides. 78 Gray, 1840, dans celle des Limneade. Enfin, M. Moquin-Tandon, 1852, dans celle des Lymnéens. Trois conchyliologues ont méme créé pour ce genre une famille spéciale :— Menke, 1830, la famille des Ancylea; Fitzinger, 1833, celle des Ancyloidea; Mauduyt, 1839, celle des Ancyliens ; Familles qui ont été successivement adoptées par M. l’abbé Dupuy, 1847, 1851, dans son grand ouvrage sur les Mollusques de la France. Quant & l’ordre dans lequel les Ancyles ont été rangé par les con- chyliologues, ce genre a encore été balloté de Vordre des Inféro- branches, Hypobranches, Dermobranches, Pectinibranches, Scuti- branches, Pleurobranches, Cyclobranches, Monopleurobranches, Pneu- monobranches, Tectibranches, Pulmobranches, &c., dans ceux des Adelopneumonés, Pulmonés, Pulmoniferes aquatiques, &c. &e. Enfin, M. Moquin-Tandon, 1852, a eréé pour ce genre l’ordre des Gastéropodes Amphibies. Tel est aussi succinctement que possible l’historique du genre An- cylus. § 2. Description du Genre. Animal gastéropode amphibie, plus ou moins conique en dessus, aplati en dessous, marchant sur un pied large, de forme ovalaire, profondément séparé de lenveloppe palléale qui est ordinairement mince, de couleur uniforme ou maculée, et qui recouvre tout l’ani- mal, comme une immense calotte, excepté en avant. Téte grosse et courte, subquadrangulaire, portant latéralement deux tentacules courts, contractiles, tronqués au sommet, et offrant au cété externe a la partie inférieure une sorte de dilatation mince et arrondie. Yeux sessiles, médiocres et arrondis, placés 4 la base interne et antérieure des tentacules. Bouche ordinairement étroite, située en dessous, au milieu du mufle, et possédant trois machoires; une transversale et deux verticales. Poche pulmobranchiale, ainsi que l’orifice anal et génital, situde soit 4 gauche (Ancylastrum), soit a droite (Velletia). Coquille recouvrant entiérement Vanimal, épidermée, muscoso- cornée ou crétacée, transparente ou opaque, lisse ou striée, de forme Patelloide ou Pyléoside, plus ou moins spirale, présentant un som- met mousse, obtus ou aigu, &c., plus ou moins postérieur, et plus ou moins incliné & droite (Ancylastrum), ou & gauche (Velletia). Im- pressions musculaires trés-peu visibles, étroites, linéaires, situées un peu au dessus du péristome. § 3. Division du genre Ancylus en deux sections, Ancylastrum et Velletia. Il existe plusieurs systémes pour le sectionnement des espéces du genre Ancylus. Beck notamment a séparé les dncyles en deux groupes; le premier auquel il conserve le nom d’ Ancylus, le second qu’il nomme dero- lowus. 79 Nous ne pouvons adopter le systt¢me de Beck, car il n’a aucune valeur scientifique. Gray a été plus loin, au lieu de deux sections, il divise les espéces du genre Ancylus en deux genres distincts. D’abord le genre An- cylus, ensuite le genre Velletia. L’espéce type pour laquelle cet auteur a créé ce genre nouveau, est V Ancylus lacustris de Miller. Cette division a quelque chose de bon, puisqu’elle se fonde sur un caractére réel: la position de la cavité pulmobranchiale. Mais nous ne pensons pas qu'il faille adopter le nouveau genre d’une manitre tout-A-fait absolue, car il faut remarquer que le caractére sur lequel Gray l’a appuyé, est isolé, et que sauf cette différence, il n’y ena pas d’autres suftisantes pour autoriser la séparation complete du lacustris, d’avec les autres espéces d’ Ancyles. Nous ne conserverons done l’appellation Velletia, que comme une simple indication d’une subdivision du genre Ancylus. Pour nous, nous fondant sur cette loi que nous avons reconnu con- stante, et quia pour base la conformation de l’animal et celle de son test ; loi que voici:—La direction du sommet correspond toujours, mais en sens inverse, avec la position dextre ou sénestre de la poche pulmobranchiale—nous établissons deux groupes d’ Ancyles dont voici les caractéres :— Groupe 1. AncyLastrumM. Animal sénestre; coquille ayant tou- jours le sommet plus ou moins ineliné a droite. Groupe 2. Vetuetra. Animal deetre; coquille ayant toujours le sommet plus ou moins incliné & gauche. § 4. Caractéres distinctifs des Espéces. Apres avoir établi les caractéres généraux des groupes, disons maintenant un mot sur ceux des espéces. Voici, selon nous, les caractéres essentiels sur lesquelles il faut se baser pour créer une bonne espéce dans le genre Ancylus. Le premier et le plus essentiel, parce qu’il correspond toujours ala conformation anatomique de l’animal, est da position dextre ou sé- nestre du sommet. Maintenant, ce sommet, quelque soit sz. position, peut présenter des formes différentes de contour, de courbure, d’obli- quité, &e. Un second caractére trés-important, mais cependant inférieur, est le mode d’apres lequel le test prend sa croissance ;—caractére au moyen du quel on peut ¢tablir pour les Ancyles les groupes suivants :— 1. Les espéces a accroissement rectiligne, c’est-a-dire les Ancyles dont les parties de la coquille, placées entre Ja pointe du sommet et le contour antérieur du péristome, vont en s’evasant sans prendre une apparence concave ou convexe. 2. Les espéces a accroissement convexe. 3. Les especes a accroissement complexe, c’est-a-dire, celles dont la croissance suit deux marches différentes et successives, soit qu’elle ap- paraisse: 1. conveve et ensuite rectiligne ; 2. convene et enfin concave. 80 Nous allons indiquer maintenant un troisiéme caractére, qui parait avoir échappé jusqu’a ce jour a la sagacité des auteurs: il consiste dans une dépression souvent trés-apparente, que l’on trouve constam- ment au sommet du test des Ancyles, et que nous appellerons dépres- sion apicale. La dépression dont il s’agit se présente, selon les espéces, sous deux formes, la forme elliptique et la forme arrondie; elle peut occuper en outre une des quatre positions suivantes :— 1. Elle peut se trouver a 7 extremité du sommet, et regarder la base du bord postérieur du péristome ; alors, et en raison méme de cette position, elle se rapproche toujours de la forme arrondie. 2. Elle peut étre placée wn peu au-dessus de la pointe du sommet, et regarder plus ou moins obliquement le ciel, suivant que le sommet offre une spire plus ou moins prononcée. 3. Placée dans la position qui précéde, la dépression apicale peut se rencontrer sur le cété droit du sommet. 4, Ou bien elle peut se trouver sur le cété gauche du sommet. Dans ces trois derniéres positions la dépression apicale se présente ordinairement sous la forme elliptique. N’oublions pas, enfin, un indice caractéristique non moins excel- lent qu’on aurait tort de laisser de coté ; il s’agit des meewrs et du mode @habitation des individus; sil n’est pas fondamental, il est du moins grave et important. Ce n’est qu’aprés un examen sérieux de ces caracttres de premier ordre, que l’observateur pourra s’occuper des formes d’ouverture, de stries, de ’épaisseur, de la couleur du test, &c.—accidents variables, et, selon nous, secondaires. § 5. Distribution géographique des Ancyles. Les Ancyles se trouvent répandus en Amérique, en Asie, en Afrique, en Europe, et en Océanie. Les espéces d’ Ancyles de la section des Ancylastrum, habitent dans ces cing parties du monde que nous venons de citer. Celles de la section des Velletia n’ont été recueillies jusqu’’ pré- sent que dans notre continent Européen. Nous allons donner un simple catalogue des espéces du genre An- eyle par ordre alphabétique, tout en les divisant en Ancylastrum et en Velletia. A chacune de ces espéces que nous allons énumérer, nous n’indi- querons que les synonymies les plus indispensables, et les localités pré- cises ou. chacune d’elles a été rencontrée jusqu’a ce jour. Ensuite, nous terminerons cette notice par des descriptions détail- lées des espéces nouvelles provenant de la collection de M. Cuming. § 6. Catalogue des Espéces du genre Ancylus. Groupe 1. ANCYLASTRUM. 1. AncyLus apuncus, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.ii.p.210, 1847. Hab. Vile de Madére. 81 2. Ancyuvus Barixensis, Stef. Moricand, troisitme Supplém. au Mém. sur les Coq. terr. et fluv. de la prov. de Bahia, p. 65. tab. 5. fig. 30-32, 1845. Hab. \e lac Baril, prés de Bahia (Brésil). 3. Ancyzus Brant, Bourguignat, Cat. des espéces du genre An- cylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 176, 1853. Had. les mares de la Guadeloupe. 4. Ancyzus Carrer, Krauss, Die Sudafrik. Moll.,p. 70. tab. 4. fig. 13, 1848. \ Hab. la terre de Natal, aux environs de Piéter Mauritzburg (Afrique). 5. AncyLus catcartus, De Kay, Zool. of New Yark, Xc. part 5. Mollusca, p. 13. pl. 5. fig. 99. a. B, 1843. ‘ Hab. \e Passaic, prés de Patterson, dans les Etats-Unis. 6. AncyLus CHARPENTIERIANUS, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Anc., in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 173. pl. 6. fig. 12, 1853. Hab. les environs de Valparaiso (Amérique du Sud). 7. AncyLus compressus*, Nyst, Descript. des Coq. et des Po- lypiers foss. des terrains tertiaires de la Belgique, p. 460. no. 396. pl: 38. fig. 16. a. B.c, 1843. Espéce fossile des sables noirs des ‘environs d’Anvers, en Belgique. 8. AncyLus concentricus, Alc. d’Orbigny, Syn. terr. et fluv. Moll. in Mag. de Zool., Classe 5. no. 61. p. 24. no. 3, 1835, et Voy. dans Amér. mérid., Moll. tom. v. 3 partie, p. 354. pl. 42. fig. 18, 19, 1836. Ancile concentrique, Chenu, Lec. élém.sur l’hist.nat., Conch. p.145. fig. 845, 1847. Hab. les environs de Montevideo, dans la république de ’ Uruguay (Amérique du Sud). 9. AncyLus costuLatus, Kiister in litt. Bourguignat, Cat. des espéces du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 191, 1853. Hab. en Europe, les iles de Corse, de Sicile, de Sardaigne, les Ba- léares ; en Afrique, l Algérie. 10. AncyLus crassus, Haldeman, Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c. no. 7. p. 14. pl. 1, fig. 8, 1844. Hab. Y Orégon, dans les Etats-Unis. 11. ANcyLus cuLicoipes+, Alc. d’Orbigny, Syn. terr. et fluv. Moll. &c. in Mag. de Zool. Classe 5, no. 61. p. 23. no. 1, 1835, et Voy. dans l’Amér. mérid., Moll. tom. v. 3 partie, p. 355. pl. 42. fig. 9-12, 1836. Hab. \es marais qui communiquent avec la riviére de Guayaquil, non loin de la ville du méme nom, dans la république de l Equateur (Amérique du Sud). * Non Ancylus compressus, Parreyss, qui est une espéce différente. + Non Ancylus culicoides, Moricand, qui est une espéce différente. No. CCLIII.—Procerepincés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 82 12. ANcyLus cycLostoma, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 193, 1853. Hab. le département de |’ Aube (France). 13. ANCYLUS DEPERDITUS *, Desmarest, Note sur les Ancyles, — ou Patelles d’eau-douce, in Bull. des Sc. par la Soc. Phil. de Paris, tom. iv. no. 76. p.19. no. 5. pl. 1. fig. 14, 1814. Ancylus depressus+, Keferstein, Die Naturg. des Erdkorp. &c. p- 418. no. 2, 1834. Espéce fossile du calcaire lacustre d’Ulm, en Bavitre. 14. AncyLtus DesHayesianus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 183, 1853. Localité inconnue; probablement du continent européen. 15. ANcyLus pIAPHANUS, Haldeman, New Species of Shells, &c., in Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c. 1841; Monogr. Fresh- water Univ. Moll. &c. p. 8. pl. 1. fig. 4, Jan. 1844. Hab. Y Ohio, dans les Etats-Unis. 16. ANcyLus FrLosus, Conrad, New Freshwater Shells of the United States, &c. p. 57, 1834. Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c. p. 10, 1844. Velletia filosus, Hald., loc. sup. cit. pl. 1. fig. 9, 1844. Hab. \a riviére de Black Warrior, au sud des sources de Blount, en Alabama (Amérique du Nord). 17. ANcyuus Fruscus, C. B. Adams, Descr. of Thirteen New Species of New-England Shells, in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. iii. p.329. pl. 3. fig. 17, 1841. Gould, Report on the Invert. of Massach. &c. p. 224. fig. 152, 1841. Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c. p. 12. pl. 1. fig. 7, 1844. Cet Ancyle a été découvert pour la premiére fois dans un petit ruisseau, prés d’ Andover, ville de l Etat de Massachusetts. Depuis on I’a encore recueilli dans un étang prés de Harvard, ainsi qu’aux environs de Mansfield, de Stratford, de Norwich, &c., dans les Etats- Unis. 18. AncyLus Gipsosus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre An- cylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 186, 1853. Ancylus deperditust, Ziegler ; Parreyss ; Kiister, in litt. et sched. Ancylus spina-rose§, Schmidt, in litt. et sched. (teste Villa, Disp. Syst. Conch. &e. p. 39, 1841). * Non Ancylus deperditus de Ziegler, Parreyss, Kuster et Dupuy, qui est I’ An- cylus gibbosus; ni Ancylus deperditus de Keferstein, Alc. d’Orbigny, qui est I’ An- eylus Orbignyanus. +t Non Ancylus depressus de Haldeman, qui est l’ Ancylus Haldemanii; ni An- cylus depressus de Deshayes, qui est une espéce différente. t Non Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest, Lommel, qui est une espéce différente; ni Ancylus deperditus de Ray et Drouét, qui est une espéce a rapporter 4 l’An- cylus simplex; ni Ancylus deperditus de Zieten, Keferstein, qui est lV’ dncylus Orbignyanus. § Non Ancylus spina-rose de Draparnaud, Férussac, &c., qui est une espéce de Crustacé du genre Cypris. 83 Ancylus deperditus, Dupuy, Hist. nat. des Moll. &e. de la France, fase. 5. p. 494. no. 4. tab. 26. no. 4, 1851. Ancylus recurvus, Parreyss (teste Dupuy, Joc. sup. cit.). Ancylus oblongus *, De Charpentier, in litt. et sched. Ancylus fluviatilis, Auctorum pler. Hab. en Allemagne, la Carniole; en France, les Pyrenées, les dé- partements de l’ Aube, de l’Oise, de la Meuse, &c.; en Afrique, I Al- gérie. 19. Ancytus Hatpemanu, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 180, 1853. Ancylus depressus+, Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &c. p- 6. pl. 1. fig. 2, 1844. , Hab. la riviére de Holston, aux environs de Washington, dans les Etats-Unis. 20. Ancytus Havanensis, Pfeiffer, Uebersicht der auf Cuba gesammelten Moll. in Archiv fiir Naturg. &c. fiinfter Jahrgang, p.350. no. 2, 1839. Hab. \es iles de Cuba et de Haiti, dans les Antilles. 21. AncyLus rrRoRATus, Guilding, Observ. on the Zool. of the Caribean islands, in Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 535. no. 1, 1828; et tab. suppl. pl. 26. fig. 1-6, 1834. Hab. Vile de Saint-Vincent, dans les Antilles. 22. Ancyxus Janu, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 185, 1853. Ancylus capuloidest, Jan. in sched. et Porro, Malacol. Comasca, &e. p. 87. no. 1. tab. 1. fig. 7, 1838. Ancylus fluviatilis, var. B. capuloidea, Gassies, Quelq. faits d’emb. des Ancyles, &c. in Act. de la Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, tom. vii. 2 série, p- 370. fig. 14, 15, 1852. Hab. en Italie, les eaux de la Lombardie, de la Sicile, &c. ; en France, les Pyrenées, les environs d’Agen; en Espagne, le Rio del Norte. 23. ANCYLUS MARGINATUS, Eichwald, Naturhist. Skizze von Li- thauen, &c. p. 214. no. 3, 1830; Paleontologia Rossica, &c. p. 140. n. 233. tab. 11. fig. 6. a. B, 1850. Espéce fossile des environs de Stavnitza, en Russie. 24, Ancytus Moretetu, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 192, 1853. Hab. \e Portugal. * Non Ancylus oblongus (Crepidula) de Fleming, ni Patella oblonga de Light- foot, et Ancylus oblongus de Parreyss, qui sont des espéces qu’il faut rapporter a V Ancylus lacustris. + Non Ancylus depressus de Deshayes, qui est une espéce fossile de France ; ni Ancylus depressus de Keferstein, qui est |’ Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest. t Nomen pessime formatum, nec adoptandum. 84 25. Ancytus Moricanpt, Alc. d’Orbigny. Ancylus Bahiensis, Stef. Moricand, olim in litt. et in sched. Ancylus culicoides *, Moric., Notes sur quelq. esp. nouv. de Coq. &c. in Mém. de la Soc. de Phys. et d’ Hist. nat. de Genéve, tom. viil. p- 28. no. 46, 1836. Ancylus Moricandi, Alc. d’Orb., Voy. dans PAmér. mérid. &e. Moll. tom. v. 3 partie, p. 355, 1836. Ancylus navicula, Spix (teste Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p. 124. no. 2, 1837). Hail le lac Baril, prés de Bahia (Brésil), dans les ruisseaux qui rejoignent le Parafa, au-dessus de Corrientes, dans la confédération Argentine. 26. ANcyLUS OBLIQuUS +, Broderip, Charact. of New Spec. of Moll. &c., by Broderip and Sowerby, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. part 2. p. 202, 1832. Ancylus radiatus t, Ale. d’Orb., Syn. terr. et fluv. Moll. &c. in Mag. de Zool. Classe 5. no. 61. p. 24. no. 2, 1835. Ancylus Gayanus, Ale. d’Orb., Voy. dans ? Amér. mérid. &e. Moll. tom. v. 3 partie, p. 356, 1836. Ancylus radiatus, Alc. d’Orb., Voy. dans l Amér. mérid., Atlas, Moll. pl. 42. fig. 18-21, 1847. Hab. \e Chili, le Pérou. 27. ANCYLUS oBscuRUS, Haldeman, Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &e. p. 9. pl. 1. fig. 5, Jan. 1844. Hab. \e Nolachuchy, au-dessus de Greenville; le Tenessee, dans les Etats-Unis ; enfin, Pile de la Jamaique, d’aprés Adams. 28. Ancyxus ostusus§, Arth. Morelet, Descript. des Moll. terr. et fluv. du Portugal, p. 88. no. 5. pl. 8. fig. 5, 1845. Hab. le Portugal. 29. AncyLus OrsiGnyanus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 194, 1853. Ancylus deperditus|| et deperdites, Zieten, Pét. du Wurtemb. liv. 7. p- 49. pl. 37. fig. 4. a. B. c. et 5. A. B. Cc, 1830; et méme ouvrage, in Index alphab. p. 98, 1830. 30. ANCYLUS PARALLELUS, Haldeman, Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. &e. 1841. * Non Ancylus culicoides de d’Orbigny, qui est une espéce différente. t+ Non Ancylus obliquus d’ Adams, qui est |’ Ancylus Petitianus. + Non Ancylus radiatus de Guilding, Deshayes, &c., qui est une espéce dif- férente. § Non Ancylus obtusus e Charpentier, qui est une espéce qu’il faut rapporter al Ancylus simplex. || Non Aneylus deperditus de Ziegler, Parreyss, Kiister, Dupuy, &c., qui est V Ancylus gibbosus; ni Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest, qui est me espéce dif- férente ; ni Ancylus deperditus de Ray et Drounét, qui est ’ Ancylus simplex. 85 Ancylus rivularis*, Gould, Report on the Invert. of Massach. &c. p- 224. fig. 153, 1841. Aneylus parallelus, Hald., Monogr. Freshwater Univ. Moll. no. 7. p. 2. pl. 1. fig. 6, 1844. , Had. les Etats-Unis, dans les Etats de Vermont et de Massachusetts. 31. Ancytus Petit1anus, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 172. pl. 6. fig. 10, 1853. Ancylus obliquust, C.B. Adams, Descript. of New Species of Shells which inhabit Jamaica, in Ann. of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New York, p. 48, 1850. Haé. la Jamaique. 32. AncyLus piILeowus f, Férussac, Art. Ancyle, in Dict. Class. d’Hist. nat. dirigé par M. Bory Saint-Vincent, tom. i. p. 346. no. 6, 1822. Hab. Vile de Scio, dans la Méditerranée. 33. AncyLus RADIATILIS, Arth. Morelet, Test. nov. ins. Cubanee, pars 2. p. 17. no. 120, 1851. Hab. les marais de Vile de Pinos, l’ile de Cuba, et celle de Haiti, dans les Antilles. 34. ANcyLus RADIATUS §, Guilding, Observ. on the Zool. of the Carib. islands, in Zool. Journ. yol. iii. p. 536. no. 2, 1828. Variété B. Ancylus excentricus, Arth. Morelet, Test. nov. ins. Cubanee, pars 2. p. 17. no. 121, 1851. Hab. les iles de Saint-Vincent et de Cuba. La variété B. habite le pays de Peten, au sud du Yucatan, dans le Guatémala. 35. AncyLtus Raymonpu1, Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. no. 2. p. 182, 1853. Hab. \ Algérie. 36. ANcyLus RIPARIUS, Desmarest, Note sur les Ancy/es, in Bull. des Se. par la Soc. Phil. de Paris, p. 19. pl. 1. fig. 2, 1814. Ancylus fluviatilis, var. radiatus, Auctorum pler. Hab. \a France, la Suisse. 37. ANcyLus RIvuLARIs||, Say, Nicholson’s Encyel., Art. Conch., in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol.i. p. 125. De Kay, Zool. of New York, part 5. Moll. p. 12. pl. 4. fig. 98. a. B, 1843. , Hab. dans presque toutes les contrées des Etats-Unis, dans l Amé- rique du Nord. * Non, Ancylus rivularis de Say, Férussac, Jay, De Kay, &c., qui est une espece différente. + Non Ancylus obliquus de Broderip, H. Miiller, qui est une espéce différente. + Non Ancylus pileolus de Beck, qui est une espéce differente. § Non Ancylus radiatus d’Alcide d’Orbigny, qui est |’ Ancylus obliquus de Bro- derip. || Non Aneylus rivularis de Gould, qui est |’ Ancylus parallelus. 86 38. ANCYLUs stmPLEX (Lepas), Buc’hoz. Patella fluviatilis, fusca, vertice mucronato, inflexoque, Lister, Hist. Anim. Angliz, p. 151. t. 2. pl. 3. no. 32, 1678. Patella fluviatilis exigua, subflava, vertice mucronato, inflexoque, Lister, Hist. sive Syn. Meth. Conch. no. 39. p. 56, 1685. Lepas rostrata, dArgenville, Hist. Nat. Conch. p. 325, 329. pl. 27 (les deux premiéres coquilles), 1742. Lepas simplex, d Argenville, loc. cit. p. 325, 329. pl. 27 (la trois- ieme coq.), 1742. Buc’hoz, Aldrovy. Lotharingize, &c. p. 236. no. 1130, 1771. Ancylus fluviatilis (pars), Draparnaud, Tabl. des Moll. p.47. no. 2, 1801. Patella cornea (pars), Poiret, Coq. fluv. de Paris, p. 101. no. 2, 1801. Patella fluviatilis, Montagu, Test. Brit. part 2. p. 484. no. 6, 1803. Ancylus meridionalis, Beck, Mus. Paris. in specim. Ancylus Pileolus *, Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p. 123. no. 2, 1837. Ancylus fluviatilis (pars), Phil. Enum. Moll. Siciliz, tom. i. p- 120, 1836, tom. ii. p. 93, 1844; et Auctorum Galliz pler. Ancylus obtusus +, de Charpentier, in specim. ab illo missis. Ancylus deperditus (pars), Ray et Drouét, Cat. des Moll. de la champ. mérid. p. 27. no. 116, 1851. Variété B. Ancylus costatus, Férussac, Art. Ancyle, in Dict. Class. d’ Hist. uat. tom. i. p. 346. no. 5, 1822. Villa, Disp. Syst. Conch. &c. p. 39, 61. no. 30, 1841. Ancylus striatus (altera pars), Arth. Morelet, Descript. des Moll. &c. du Portugal, p. 86. no. 2, 1845. Ancylus fluviatilis (pars), Philippi, et Auct. Galliz pler. in spe- cim. ab illis missis. Sous-variété B. Ancylus tinet, Andrea Bivona, Nuovi Moll. &c. Palermo, p-4, 1839. Ancylus Fabrei, Dupuy, Cat. extram. Galliz Test. p. 1. no. 7. et p- 3, 1849. Ancylus compressust, Parreyss, in litt. et in J. Jay, Cat. of Shells, p- 272. no. 6376, 1850. Sous-variété C. Ancylus luteolus, Parreyss, in litt., et in J. Jay, Cat. of Shells, &c. p. 272. no. 6382, 1850. Ancylus striatus §, Dupuy, Hist. nat. des Moll. &c. fase. 5. p. 495. no. 5. tab. 26. fig. 5, 1851. * Non Ancylus pileolus de Férussac, qui est une espéce différente. t Non Ancylus obtusus de Morelet, qui est une espéce différente. ¥ Non Ancylus compressus de Nyst, qui est une espéce différente. § Non Aneylus striatus de Webb et Berthelot, qui est une espéce différente. By Sous-variété D. Ancylus sinuosus, Brard, Hist. des Coq. &c. de Paris, p. 201. no. 2. pl. 7. fig. 4, 1815. Ancylus fluviatilis, var.C, Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p.123. no. 1, 1837. Ancylus sinuatus, Dupuy, Cat. extram. Gallic Test. &c. p.1. no. 9, 1849. Variété C. Ancylus albus, Hentz, in specim. ab illo missis. Ancylus fluviatilis, Auct. Germanicorum pler. Variété D. Calyptra patella fluviatilis, Klein, Tentamen Meth. Ostrac. &c. p- 118. § 290, 292. no. 3, 1753. L’ Ancyle, Geoffroy, Traité sommaire des Coq. de Paris, p. 124, 125. no. 1, 1767. Ancylus fluviatilis, Miller, Verm. Hist. ii. p. 201. no. 386, 1774. Patella fluviatilis, Da Costa, Hist. nat. Test. Brit. p. 1. no. 1. tab. 11. fig. 8. 8, 1778. Ancylus fluviatilis (altera pars), Draparnaud, Tabl. des Moll. p.47. no. 2, 1801. Patella cornea (altera pars), Poiret, Coq. fluv. &c. de Paris, p. 101. no. 2, 1801. Patella lacustris*, Donovan, Brit. Shells, tab. 147. fig. 2, 1802. Ancylus fluviatilis (altera pars), Draparnaud, Hist. des Moll. p- 48. no. 2. pl. 11. fig. 23, 24, 1805. Crepidula lacustris, Fleming, Art. Conch., in Edinb. Enc. (in Gray, ‘Man. p. 249, 1840). Variété KE. Ancylus Frayssianus, Dupuy, Hist. nat. des Moll. &c. fase. 5. p- 496. no. 6. tab. 26. fig. 6, 1851. Variété F. Ancylus fluviatilis rupicola, Boubée, Bull. d’ Hist. nat. de France, année 2. livr. 6. p. 7. no. 10, 1833. Ancylus thermalis, Boubée, in litt., et Beck, Ind. Moll. &c. p.124. no. 3, 1837. , Ancylus rubicola, Puton, Essai sur les Moll. &c. des Vosges, p. 62, 1847. Ancylorum montani et fluviatilis, varietas, Auctor. pler. L’ Ancylus simplex varie 4 Yinfini de couleurs, de grosseur, de stries, d’opacité, &c., selon qwil habite les grands fleuves (Ane. flu- viatilis de Miiller), les petits ruisseaux (Anc. simplex, costatus, Fa- brei, &e.), ou enfin les torrents des montagnes (due. rupicole, montanus, &c.). Cette espéce se rencontre dans toute YEurope, ainsi que dans les régions septentrionales de l’ Afrique. AV état fossile, on connait cet Ancyle de diverses localités de France et d’ Angleterre. * Non Ancylus lacustris (Patella) de Linnzus, Miiller, ni Velletia lacustris de Gray, qui sont des espéces différentes. 88 39. AncyLus striaTus*, Webb et Berthelot, Syn. Moll. terr. et fluv. p.19.no.1, 1833. Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. de l Astrolabe, Zool. tom. ili. partie 1. p. 207. pl. 58. fig. 35-38, 1834. Hab. les iles Canaries, le Portugal et l’ Espagne. 40. AncyLus strictus, Morelet, Descript. des Moll. du Portu- gal, p. 88. no. 4. pl. 8. fig. 4, 1845. Hab. \e Portugal et la France. 41. AncyLus stricatus, Parreyss, in litt., et Bourguignat, Cat. des esp. du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. p. 193, 1853. Hab. les marais de la Sicile. 42. AncyLus TarDus, Say, Disseminator. Mrs. Say’s reprint, p. 26, 1830. Hab. \es Etats-Unis, dans ? Amérique du Nord. 43. AncyLus virracevs, Morelet, Desc. des Moll. du Portugal, &e. p. 87. no. 3. pl. 8. fig. 3, 1845. Hab. Y Espagne et le Portugal. Groupe 2. VELLETIA. 44. AncyLus pecussatus, Reuss, Beschreibung der foss. Ostra- coden und Moll. &c., in Paleontog. Beitrage zur Naturg. des Vor- welt, tom. ii. p. 17. no. 1. pl. 1. fig. 1, 1849. Espéce fossile du calcaire d’eau douce de Kolosoruk et de Tuchor’zic, en Bohéme. 45. AncyLus pepressus +, Deshayes, Desc. des Coq. foss. &c. de Paris, tom. ii. p. 101. no. 1. pl. 10. fig, 13 (pessima), 1824. Espéce fossile dans les silex meuliers coquilliers de la deuxitme formation de Jouy, en France. 46. ANcyLus ELEGANS, Sowerby, Min. Conch, vol. vi. p. 64. tab. 533, 1826. Espéce fossile dans les terrains lacustres de ile de Wight, en Angleterre ; et dans ceux de Auvergne, en France. 47. Ancyius Lacustris ¢ (PaTetia), Linneus. Patella, Linneeus, Fauna Suecica, p. 369, no. 1292, 1746. Patella picolissima, Ginanni, Opere Posth. &c. tom. ii. p.50. tab. 2. fie. 11, 1757. Patella lacustris, Linneus, Syst. Nat. ed.10. tom.i. p. 783. no. 672, 1758; ed. 12. vol. i. partie 2. p- 1260. no. 769, 1767; Fauna Suecica, p- 934. no. 2200, 1761. Ancylus lacustris, Miller, Verm. Hist. ii. p. 199. no. 385, 1774. * Non Ancylus striatus de Dupuy, qui n’est qu’une simple vari¢té de I’ Ancylus simplex. t+ Non Ancylus depressus de Haldeman, qui est |’ dneylus Haldemanii; ni An- cylus depressus de Keferstein, qui est ]’Ancylus deperditus de Desmarest. $ Non Aneylus lacustris (Patella) de Donovan, ni Ancylus lacustris ( Crepidula) de Fleming, qui ne sont que des variétés de l’ Ancylus simplex. ; 89 Patella oblonga*, Lightfoot, in Phil. Trans. Ixxvi. p. 168. tab. 2. f. 1-5, 1786. Velletia lacustris, Gray, Manual of Land and Freshwater Shells, p- 250. no. 97. tab. 10. fig. 126, 1840. Crepidula oblonga, Fleming, Art. Conch., in Edinb. Ene. (teste Gray, Joc. sup. cit.). Ancylus oblongus, Parreyss, in spec. (teste Dupuy, Hist. nat. des Moll. &c. fase. 5. p. 497. no. 7. tab. 26. no. 7, 1851). Cet Ancyle habite les lacs, les marais, les fossés, enfin tous les cours d’eaux tranquilles de presque toute Europe. On le rencontre ¢égale- ment dans les petits ruisseaux de l’ile de Madére. A Pétat fossile, Schlotheim, en Allemagne, John Morris, en Angle- terre, ont indiqué dans plusieurs dépots de terrains lacustres. Nous l’avons également recueilli dans les couches d’eau douce des environs de Paris. 48. Ancytus Marueront, Boissy, Bull. de la Société Géol. de France, tom. iv. série 2. p. 178, 1846. Fossile dans le calcaire lacustre de Rilly-la-Montagne, prés de Reims (département de la Marne, en France). 49. AncyLus Moaurnianvs, Bourguignat, Cat. des espéces du genre Ancylus, in Journ. de Conch. p.197. no. 52. pl. 6. fig. 9, 1853. Had. les petits ruisseaux des environs de Dijon et de Toulon, en France. Tel est la liste + des espéces qui composent le genre Ancylus. Si, 4 toutes ces especes, on ajoute celles que nous allons maintenant dé- crire et qui proviennent de la riche collection de M. Cuming, on aura en ce travail, non-seulement un résumé historique sur le genre, mais encore un catalogue complet de tous les Ancyles connus jusqu’a ce jour. Ancy.us Baconu, Bourguignat. (Pl. XXV. figs. 18-25.) Ane. testa antice recta vel paululum conveaa, postice recta vel paulu- lum concava; apice postico, obtusissimo, paululum dextror- sus dejecto; depressione apicali viz conspicua, in extremitate verticis sita. Testa parva, fragili, diaphana, levissima, vel concentrice striatula; epidermide albido-virescente ; apertura ovata. Long. 3 mill., lat. 2, alt. 1. Cette espéce a été recueillie par le Docteur Bacon dans le Bengale. Collection Cuming. L’ Ancylus Baconii présente antérieurement et postérieurement * Non Ancylus oblongus de Charpentier, qui est lAncylus gibbosus. + A tous ces noms d’Ancyles il faut ajouter les suivants, que nous n’avons pu adopter, vu l’ignorance ou nous sommes de la valeur de ces espéces :—Ancylus rotundatus, Férussac; Ancylus stagnalis, Férussac; Ancylus Hermanni, Férussac ; Ancylus radiolatus, Kiister ; et Ancylus Nuttallii, Haldeman. En outre, il faut retrancher du genre Ancylus les especes suivantes :—Lepas d'eau douce, D’ Avila ; Ancylus acutus, Bronn; Ancylus Gussonii, Costa; et enfin, Ancylus spina-rose de Draparnaud. 90 une croissance rectiligne; mais quelquefois l’accroissement anté- rieure prend une forme un peu convexe, tandisque celle postérieur devient un peu concave. Le sommet de cet Ancyle est trés-obtus, généralement émoussé et placé un peu sur le cdté droit par rapport a la ligne médiane. La dépression apicale, qui est presque invisible, vu son extréme petitesse, se trouve placé a la partie postérieure du som- met. Le test de cette petite coquille est fragile, diaphane, ordinaire- ment lisse, mais quelquefois il offre quelques lignes concentriques, qui ne sont que des stries d’accroissement. Sa couleur est d’un blane-verdatre ; son ouverture est ovale. Cette espéce posséde un facies analogue a celui que présente plu- sieurs espéces de |’Amérique, parmi lesquelles nous citerons les Anc. Hawanensis, rivularis, filosus, radiatilis, fuscus, crassus, tardus, ob- scurus, calcarius, Haldemanii, parallelus, et enfin diaphanus. 1. On distinguera l Ancylus Havanensis de notre Ancylus Baconii, en ce que l’espéce de Pfeiffer offre une coquille plus grande, plus épaisse, toujours radiée, avec un sommet bien plus aigu, &e. 2. L’ Ancylus rivularis est distinct de notre espéce, par son ouver- ture plus arrondie, par sa forme plus surbaissée, et surtout par son sommet qui est comme écrasé et dont la pointe est rejetée sur le cété droit. 3. L’ Ancylus filosus sen sépare, par son test plus élevé, et sur- tout par les nombreuses cétes qui rayonnent en tous sens du sommet au péristome de cette coquille, &c. 4. L’ Ancylus radiatilis, par son ouverture plus arrondie, et ses nombreuses radiations qui ornent son test, &c. 5. L’ Ancylus fuscus, par sa plus grande taille, par sa couleur, par son épiderme qui dépasse son péristome, enfin par son sommet qui est plus central, &c. 6. L’ Ancylus crassus, par son test plus éléve, par son sommet par- faitement dans le plan de la ligne médiane, et non placé sur le cété droit, comme dans le Baconii, &c. 7. L’ Ancylus tardus, par son accroissement antérieur qui est bien plus convexe, par son sommet plus postérieur, et qui, de plus, est situé dans le plan de la ligne médiane, &e. 8. L’ Ancylus obscurus, par sa taille plus grande, par sa couleur, par sa forme plus arrondie, surtout par son sommet plus aigu et non situé sur le cdté droit de la ligne médiane, mais bien dans le plan de cette ligne, &c. 9. L’ Ancylus calcarius, par son test plus grand, par sa croissance rectiligne, et surtout par son sommet bien plus postérieur, &c. 10. L’Ancylus Haldemanii, par sa coquille moins conique, plus grande, par sa couleur plus foncée, &e. ll. L’ Ancylus parallelus, par son test bien plus allongé, par sa taille plus considérable, par son sommet moins placé a droite, &e. 12. L’ Ancylus diaphanus, par son ouverture arrondie, par son som- met presque central, &c. L’on pourrait encore comparer notre Ancylus Baconii a VY Ancylus compressus de Nyst ; mais cette derniére espéce est une coquille fos- sile de Belgique. 91 AncyLus Cumineianus, Bourguignat. (Pl. XXV. figs. 1-9.) Ane. testa antice gibboso-convexa, postice concava; apice re- curvo, contorto, ad marginem aperture lateralem dextrorsus dejecto, ac duos anfractus prebente ; anfractibus depressionem apicalem conveaxitate penultimi obtegentibus. Testa parum dia- phana, levi vel striata, presertim ad aperturam; anfractibus apicis sepissime rugoso-radiatis ; epidermide supra cornea vel virescente, intus albida; apertura subangulato-rotundata. Long. 6-7 mill., lat. 5-54, alt. 23-3. Cette magnifique espéce, type des Ancyles de notre section des Ancylastrum, habite la terre de Van-Diémen. Nous nous empressons de la dédier au savant Mr. Cuming, en le priant de considérer cette dédicace comme une faible marque de notre reconnaissance. L’ Ancylus Cumingianus présente antérieurement un accroissement convexe, tandisque postérieurement cet accroissement est concave. Son sommet est tout-a-fait rejeté 4 droite 4 la partie postérieure du bord marginal de l’ouverture, dont il est séparé par un sillon assez profond, occasionné par l’evasement, en cette partie, du péristome ;_ ce sommet posséde un tour et demie 4 deux tours de spire gyrocolle ; aussi cette disposition spirale du sommet empéche-t-elle de voir la dépression apicale. Cette coquille peu épaisse, est un peu diaphane et d’une couleur cornée, tandisqu’intérieurement elle offre une teinte blanchatre uni- forme. Les deux premiers tours de spire de cet Ancyle sont le plus sou- vent ornés de rugosités longitudinales, qui finissent ordinairement par disparaitre sur le dos de la coquille pour reparaitre d’une maniére plus sensible vers les bords marginaux de l’ouverture. Celle-ci est arrondie antérieurement, tandisque postérieurement elle présente un contour un peu rétreci, ce qui lui donne un aspect un peu anguleux. L’ Ancylus Cumingianus ne peut étre confondu avec aucune autre espéce de ce genre. L’excessive déviation de son sommet, ses tours de spire gyrocolle, enfin le facies tout particulier que posséde son mode de croissance et la forme de son ouverture, le sépare compléte- ment de toutes les espéces d’ Ancyles connus jusqu’a ce jour. L’ Ancyle de Cuming peut cependant, par la forme générale de son test, par son sommet, surtout par la dilatation horizontale du bord postérieur de son péristome, étre facilement comparée au Latia neri- toides de la Nouvelle Zélande, et servir d’espéce intermédiaire entre les genres Latia et Ancylus. De méme, par ses tours de spire gyrocolle, ce mollusque peut étre aisément rapproché de certaines espéces du genre Lymnea, surtout, si on le compare a quelques Lymnées fossiles des terrains lacustres de Crimée, qui, par la brieveté de leur spire, l’évasement considérable de leur ouverture, la fragilité de leur test, offrent un facies analogue a celui que l’on remarque chez cette espéce. Cet Ancyle est done une preuve de plus pour montrer les rapports intimes que doivent avoir entr’eux ces deux genres de mollusques flu- viatiles, et si les profondes études anatomiques auxquelles s'est livré Pillustre professeur, M. Moquin-Tandon, sur l’anatomie des espéces 92 de ces deux genres, lui a démontré que. sous le rapport de lorgani- sation intérieur de ces animaux, il y avait entr’eux de nombreuses identités ; la constatation des caractéres de cet Ancyle nouveau vient confirmer l’opinion de ce célébre naturaliste, en montrant que sous le rapport de la coquille, les mollusques des genres Ancylus et Lymnaea se tiennent de bien prés. Ancyxus DrovetiAnus, Bourguignat. (Pl. XXV. figs. 10-17.) Ane. testa antice paululum convewa, postice recta; apice mi- nutissimo, acutissimo, coarctato, recurvo, adpresso, mediano, postico, sepissime decollato; depressione apicali inconspicuo. Testa depressa, levissima, nitente, diaphana, paululum ra- diato-undulata, presertim ad aperturam ; epidermide cornea ; apertura ovato-rotundata ; peristomate undulato. Long. 6 mill., lat. 5, alt. 2-25. Nous ne connaissons pas l’habitat exact de ce mollusque; mais, d’aprés la forme, l’apparence de cette espéce, cet Ancyle doit pro- venir de quelques provinces de l’Amérique du Nord. Nous le dé- dions 4 notre ami, Henri Drouét, de Troyes. Coquille antérieurement un peu convexe, postérieurement recti- ligne. Son sommet est trés-petit, aigu, rétrecis sur ses cdtés, re- courbé sur lui-méme et accolé a la paroi postérieure du test ; sans cette position toute particuliére il ne pourrait résister au moindre choc. Malgré tout, il est trés-souvent fracturé. La dépression api- cale est invisible, vu le repli du sommet sur lui-méme. ; Cette coquille est trés-lisse, trés-brillante, transparente, et de cou- leur cornée, elle présente une surface qui du sommet aux bords mar- ginaux de l’ouverture se divise en une quinzaine de plans ou méplats triangulaires assez grands, qui vont en s’agrandissant au fur et & me- sure qu’ils s’approchent du péristome. Lorsque l’aréte, qui sépare deux de ces plans ou méplats, vient aboutir au péristome, celui-ci éprouve une petite dépression, ce qui lui donne une apparence un peu ondulée. Cette singulitre espéce appartient par l’ensemble de ses caractéres au groupe des Ancylus crassus, radiatilis, rivularis, &e. Mais on la distinguera toujours 4 son test divisé en une foule de plans trian- gulaires, et surtout a son péristome ondulé. On séparera également 1 Ancyle de Drouét des Ancylus riparius et vitraceus, dont le test est aussi composé d’une multitude de mé- plats trigonals, en ce que ces espéces offrent un sommet et un mode d’accroissement tout différent. Chez ces deux espéces, la dépression apicale est trés-visible, tan- disque chez notre Ancyle elle est presque imperceptible. Ancy us SauLcyanvus, Bourguignat. (Pl. X XV. fig. 26-33.) Ane. testa antice convexa, postice paululum concava ; apice parvulo, postico, sat obtuso, dextrorsus dejecto, sepe decorticato; depres- sione apicali rotundata, in verticis extremitate sita. Testa parva, fragili, cornea, concentrice striatula, ac argutissime ra- diatula, presertim ad aperturam ; apertura ovata. Long. 4—44 mill., lat. 3, alt. 2. 93 Cet Ancyle habite les petits ruisseaux des environs de Porto- Cabello, dans le Vénézuela (collection Cuming). Nous le dédions A notre ami Félicien de Sauley. Cette espéce offre antérieurement une croissance convexe, tandisque postérieurement cette croissance prend une forme un peu concave. Son sommet est petit, assez obtus, et fortement rejeté sur le cété droit. La dépression apicale est arrondie et placée 4 l’extremité de la pointe du sommet. Le test de l dneylus Sauleyanus est dune taille petite, fragile, dune couleur cornée, et présente des stries d’accroissement assez bien marquées. Lorsqu’on l’examime au microscope, il parait, de plus, radié avec la plus grande délicatesse. Son ouverture est ovale. L’ Aneyle de Sauley ne peut étre confondu qu’avec les espéces suivantes: Ancylus Raymondii, Petitianus, obliquus, Charpentieria- nus, rroratus. On distinguera—1. l Ancylus Raymondii, de notre Ancylus Saul- eyanus, par sa taille plus considérable, par son sommet plus aigu, moins rejeté sur le cdté droit, enfin par sa dépression apicale qui au lieu d’étre placée 4 Pextremité du sommet comme dans le Sauleyanus, se trouve au-contraire située un peu au dessus et du cété gauche. 2. P Ancylus Petitianus, par son test bien plus grand, par sa taille plus élevée, surtout par son sommet qui est tellement rejeté 4 droite, que la pointe dépasse le plan du bord marginal du péristome, carac- tére que l’on ne retrouve point dans le Saulcyanus. 3. P Ancylus obliquus, par sa coquille plus grande, par son sommet plus aigu, plus élevé, moins rejeté 4 droite, par sa croissance anté- rieure bien plus convexe, &c. 4. Y Ancylus Charpentierianus, par sa forme plus déprimée, par son sommet plus aigu, par sa dépression apicale placée toute diffé- remment, par son ouverture qui présente postérieurement un angle assez prononcé, surtout par son mode de croissance qui est tout autre que celui du Sauleyanus. 5. P Aneylus irroratus, par son sommet plus obtus, moins rejeté a droite, enfin par son test constamment maculé de petits points noirs. EXPLICATION DE LA PLANCHE. Pu. XXV. Fig. 1, 2,3,4. Aneylus Cumingianus :—grossi. Fig. 5. Sommet de cet Ancyle:—considérablement grossi. Fig. 6, 7,8,9. dnecylus Cumingianus :—de grandeur naturelle. Fig. 10, 11, 12, 13. Aneylus Drouétianus :—grossi. Fig. 14, 15, 16, 17. Id. :—de grandeur naturelle. Fig. 18, 19, 20, 21. Ancylus Baconii:—grossi. Fig. 22, 23, 24, 25. Id.:—de grandeur naturelle. Fig. 26, 27, 28, 29. Anecylus Saulcyanus :—de grandeur naturelle. Fig. 30, 31, 32, 33. Id. :—grossi. 94 3. On THE SYNONYMS OF JOHNSTONELLA CATHARINA, GOSSE. By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. Mr. Gosse, in his amusing and interesting work on the coast of Devonshire, describes as new to science an animal under the above name. I am sorry,—as I should much wish for the above name to have been permanent,—to have to observe that it appears to belong to the same genus as the animal described by Eschscholtz in the ‘Isis’ (1825), p. 736. t. 5. f.5, under the name of Tomopteris onisciformis from the South Seas ; and by MM. Quoy and Gaimard in the ‘Voyage of the Astrolabe,’ ii. p. 284. t. 21. f. 21, 24, under the name of Bria- rea Scolopendra from the coast of Spain. Hermannsen has pro- posed to change the latter name to Briarea: Harry Goodsir calls it Briareus: and Mr. R. Ball writes it Bryarea. Eschscholtz and Quoy and Gaimard regard it as a mollusk ; the former author referring it to the order Heteropoda, and the latter to the Nudibranchiata. Mr. Harry Goodsir, who found the animal abundant in the North Sea (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1845, xvi. 163), observing the pre- sence of “cilia fringing the bifurcated posteriors of the lateral extre- mity of its body,” decided that it could not be a mollusk. Menke (Zeitsch. fiir Malac. 1844, 21) proposes to remove the genus to the Annelides; more recent authors have considered it as a Crus- tacean. Mr. Gosse at first sight thought it might be a Branchiopod Crus- tacean, but thinks it has more affinity to the Annelides (p. 348), and refers it to that class in the Systematic Index. According to Eschscholtz and Quoy and Gaimard, the South Sea specimens are very much smaller than those found in the Mediterra- nean: thus, Tomopteris onisciformis and T. Scolopendra are most probably distinct species. Mr. Gosse’s Johnstonella Catharina is, no doubt, a synonym of the latter, since Mr. R. Ball records that Brya- rea Scolopendra has been taken in Dublin Bay by Dr. Corrigan (Proc. Brit. Assoc. 1849, p. 72). The genus Johnstonella of Gosse, is therefore synonymous with Tomopterus, Eschsch. Isis, 1825. Tomopteris, Menke, 1844. Briarea, Quoy & Gaim. 1829. Briarea, Herm. Briareus, Goodsir, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1845. 4. Descriptions oF New Species oF SEMELE, RHIZOCHILUS, PLotiA AND TIARA IN THE CUMINGIAN COLLECTION. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., evc., ETC. 1. Semete Jovis, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-oblonga, subventri- cosa, rosea, umbonibus rubris, albo radiatis, concentrice lamellata, lamellis striatis, equalibus, equidistantibus, interstitiis longitudina- liter striatis ; latere antico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore, flexuoso, subtruncato ; intus rosea. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 95 2. SemeLe Grouneri, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-oblonga, crassa, convexiuscula, albida, roseo radiata et maculis roseis varie picta ; latere antico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore rotundato ad marginem ventralem flexuoso ; concentrice plicata, plicis crassis, sulcosis, interstitiis lineis elevatis, longitudinalibus concinne orna- tis ; intus alba. Hab. 2 Mus. Gruner. 3. SemeLe Juxest, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, compressi- uscula, albida, concentrice lamellosa, lamellis incrassatis, elegan- terque crenulutis, ad latera productis, interstitiis elevatim stria- tis ; latere antico rotundato, postico angulato, ad marginem ven- tralem flecuoso ; intus lutea. Hab. Torres Straits (Mr. Jukes). Mus. Cuming. 4. Sremece sponsa, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, subventricosa, solida, alba, equilaterali, concentrice lamellata, lamellis trans- versis, equalibus, equidistantibus, tenuibus, marginibus exquisite crenulatis, interstitiis creberrime striatis ; latere antico rotun- dato, postico subangulato, ad marginem ventralem flexuoso ; intus alba. Hab. Boljoon Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 5. Semexe Srnensis, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, equilate- rali, compressiuscula, albida, epidermide subfusca obtecta, longi- tudinaliter radiatim costellata, costellis longitudinaliter sulcatis, lineis transversis, concentricis, filiformibus decussata ; umbonibus rosaceis, levissimis ; latere antico rotundato, postico nudo, nec costellato, viz truncato, ad marginem ventralem subflexuoso ; intus albida. Hab. China. 6. SemeLe amazna, A. Adams. S. testa oblonga, ovali, subven- tricosa, tenella, albida, concentrice corrugatim striata, radiatim tenue striata, striis confertis; latere antico rotundato, postico breviore, subfleruoso ; intus alba. Hab. 2 7. SEMELE LUTEOLA, A. Adams. S. testa suborbiculari, subequila- terali, ventricosa, lutescente, tenuissime concentrice corrugatim striata, striis elevatis subinterruptis ; interstitiis lineis elevatis longitudinalibus ornatis ; radiatim striata, striis postice evanidis ; latere antico rotundato, postico ad marginem ventralem vier flexuoso ; intus lutea. Hab. ? 8. SemeLe mopesta, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculato-trigonali, compressa, crassa, e@quilaterali, sordide alba, roseo obsolete radiatim fasciata, umbonibus luteolis ; antice rotundata, postice vix fleruosa, concentrice plicata, plicis crassis, subdistantibus, equalibus, interstitiis elevatim striatis ; intus albo-lutescente, margine roseo radiato. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 96 9. SEMELE sucuNDA, A. Adams. S. testa oblongo-ovali, sub- equilaterali, sordide alba, rufo purpureoque sparsim maculata, concentrice lamellosa, lamellis crassis, equidistantibus, valde striatis, interstitiis lineis elevatis longitudinalibus ornatis ; latere antico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore, ad marginem ventra- lem viz flecuoso ; intus albida, rufo purpureoque maculata. Hab. Singapore. Mus. Cuming. 10. Semexe vestauis, A. Adams. S. testa suborbiculari, sub- equilaterali, subventricosa, alba, lamellis transversis subconfertis eleganterque plicatis, marginibus crenulatis, interstitiis lineis ele- vatis, longitudinalibus ornatis; latere antico rotundato vie longiore, postico subtruncato, ad marginem ventralem valde flecuoso ; intus alba. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 1]. Semeve venusta, A. Adams. _ S. testa oblonga, transversa, ventricosa, nitidiuscula, concentrice sulcata, sordide carnicolore, roseo obscure radiata ; umbonibus rubiginosis ; latere antico lon- giore, rotundato, postico breviore, truncato, ad marginem ven- tralem fleruoso ; intus purpurascente, albo limbata. Hab. West Columbia. Mus. Cuming. 12. SemeLe tera, A. Adams. S. testa transversa, oblongo- ovali, compressiuscula, nitida, sublevi, albida, purpureo nebulosa et punctata, umbonibus levibus albis ; transversim sulcata, lineis transversis obliquis decussata, radiatim striata; latere antico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore rotundato, vix fleruoso ; intus purpureo-variegata. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 13. SEMELE vireingeA, A. Adams. S. testa oblongo-ovali, trans- versa, subventricosa, alba, tenella, subpellucida, concentrice plicata, plicis tenuissimis, vix elevatis, interstitiis longitudinaliter creber- rime striatis; latere antico sublongiore, rotundato, postico vir breviore, angulato, subfleruoso. Hab. Basay, Isle of Samaar. (H.C.). Mus. Cuming. 14. Semete Caxirornica, A. Adams. S. testa oblongo-ovali, subequilaterali, sordide pallide fusca, radiatim striata; transver- sim sulcata, liris elevatis, subcorrugatis, ornata, interstitiis cre- berrime longitudinaliter striatis ; latere antico rotundato, postico subtruncato, valde fleruoso ; intus lutescente, margine luteo. Hab. Gulf of California. Mus. Cuming. 15. Semeve casta, A. Adams. _ S. testa oblongo-ovali, transversa, inequilaterali, alba, apicibus luteis, radiatim striata, concentrice transversim lamellosa, lamellis tenuibus, plicatis, marginibus pul- cherrime crenulatis, ad latera prominentioribus ; latere antico lon- giore, postico breviore, rotundato; intus alba, in medio lutes- cente. Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia (Mr. Strange). te 97 16. Seme.xe compta, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, compressa, aquilaterali, albida, luteo-fusco obscure radiata, sublevi, lineis transversis et longitudinalibus decussata ; latere antico rotundato, postico subangulato ; intus alba, medio lutescente. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 17. Semee amasiuis, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-oblonga, com- pressa, alba, transversim concentrice lamellosa, lamellis elevatis, tenuibus, plicatis, marginibusque crenulatis, ad latera productis, interstitiis corrugatim striolatis ; latere antico vie longiore, ro- tundato, postico rotundato flexuoso ; intus alba. Hab. Port Curtis, Australia. Mus. Cuming. 18. Semete Martini, A. Adams. S. testa ovato-trigonali, crassa, convexiuscula, pallida, carnicolori radiatim picta ; plicis concentricis, crassis, irregularibus, sepe dichotomis aut confluen- tibus, ornata, plicis postice validioribus et flecuosis ; latere an- tico longiore, rotundato, postico breviore, valde flexuoso et sub- truncato ; intus albo-lutescente. Hab. Rio. This species is named after Captain Adolphe Martin, an assiduous collector and conchologist, who dredged it off Rio, in rather deep water. 19. SemELE pecora, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, subequi- laterali, compressiuscula, crassa, alba, costellis radiantibus et liris transversis concentricis reticulata; Jatere antico longiore, rotundato, postico subtruncato, valde flexuoso ; intus alba. Hab. 2 20. SEMELE PULCHELLA, A. Adams. S. testa orbiculari, com- pressiuscula, albida, umbonibus roseis, albo radiatis ; liris viz ele- vatis, transversis, concentricis, stritsque longitudinalibus, radian- tibus ornata; latere antico rotundato, postico rotundato, flexuoso ; intus rosea, margine ventrali intus albo. Hab. 2 21. MacGiLuivRayIA STRAMINEA, A. Adams. WM. testa turbi- nata, semipellucida, cornea, straminea, imperforata, nitidiuscula ; anfractibus quatuor, planiusculis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura ovali, antice subangulata; labio callo tenui, expanso obtecto; columella antice subflecuosa, non spinosa; labro acuto, simplice. fTab. Western Ocean. Mus. Cuming. 22. CominEeLLA croceA, A. Adams. C. testa bucciniformi, sub- perforata, crocea, spira producta, anfractibus quingque, superne concavis, cingulis transversis, elevatis, subnodosis, equalibus, ro- tundatis ornatis; interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura ovali, antice subcanaliculata ; labio subplanulato, exarato. Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 23, Rapana (Ru1zocuiius) craTuHrata, A. Adams. R. testa ventricosa, imperforata, subpellucida, alba, anfractibus 3}, con- No. CCLIV.—Procrrpineés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 98 vevis, superne subplanulatis, costellis transversis et longitudina- libus valde clathratis ; apertura ampla, ovali, antice in canali brevi, obliquo desinente ; columella levi, subplanulata ; labro mar- gine crenulato. Hab. Philippines (H. C.). Mus. Cuming. 24. Rapana (RuIzocHILus) CoRALLIOPHILA, A. Adams. &. testa turbinata, subtrigonali, alba, umbilicata, anfractibus superne planulatis, in medio nodoso-plicatis, ad suturas corrugatis, trans- versim liratis, liris in anfractuum medio prominentioribus, squamu- losis, asperrimis ; apertura ovato-trigonali, antice producta, acu- minata, canaliculata ; regione umbilicali callo scabro circum- cincta. Hab. Isle of Ticao, on the reefs at low water (H. C.). 25. Rapana (RHIZOCHILUS) PULCHELLA, A. Adams. R. testa turbinato-pyriformi, umbilicata, roseo-tincta; spira brevi, apice albido ; anfractibus quingue, ultimo ventricoso, suturis impressis, longitudinaliter corrugato-plicatis, transversim liratis, lira unica in medio anfructuum prominentiore ; apertura ovato-trigonali, antice canaliculata, canali sinistrorsum verso. Hab. Philippines (H. C.). Mus. Cuming. 26. Rapana (RuizocuiLus) sururatis, A. Adams. R. festa turbinato-ovali, umbilicata, alba; anfractibus sex, subplanulatis, in medio subangulatis, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatis, transver- sim liris elevatis, rugosis, squamulosis ornatis ; suturis valde im- pressis; apertura trigonali-ovata, antice subcanaliculata; labio acuto ; labro margine irregulari. Hab. Bulusan, province of Albay, island of Luzon (H. C.). 27. Rapana (Rurzocuitus) scata, A. Adams. R. testa sca- lariformi, vie perforata, alba; spira elevata, anfractibus sex, superne planulatis, in medio (supremis) nodoso-plicatis, trans- versim liratis, liris elevatis, acutis, inequalibus ; interstitiis sub- clathratis ; apertura ovato-trigonali, antice canaliculata; colu- mella plana, exarata. Hab. Juan Fernandez (H. C.). Mus. Cuming. 28. Rapana (Ruizocuiius) rRaGitis, A. Adams. R. testa turbinato-fusiformi, umbilicata, alba, tenui, semipellucida, spira aperturam vie equante ; anfractibus quatuor, convewxiusculis, lon- gitudinaliter subplicatis, transversim liratis, liris squamuligeris, in anfractu ultimo validioribus ; apertura ovali, antice angulata, subcanaliculata ; labio acuto ; labro producto, irregulari. Hab. Philippines (7. C.). Mus. Cuming. 29. Rapana (Larraxts) Noposa, A. Adams. R. testa subpyri- formi, umbilicata, crocea, spira acuminata, aperturam e@equante ; anfractibus sex, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicatis, liris transversis, squamigeris, subequalibus ornatis ; apertura ovali, antice cana- 99 liculata, canali retrorsum curvato, regione umbilicali carina squamulosa circumcincta. Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 30. Rapana (Latiaxis) Forruni, A. Adams. R. testa pyri- formi, spira aperturam equante, late umbilicata, carneola; an- Sractibus sex, subimbricatis, superne planulatis, in medio sub- angulatis, costellis transversis, equalibus, rotundatis, concinne imbricatim squamulosis ornatis, interstitiis lutescentibus, niti- dis ; apertura semiovali; labro intus sulcato; canali producto, dextrorsum curvato ; regione umbilicali carina squamosa circum- cincta. Hab. China (Mr. Fortune). Mus. Cuming. 31. Mevanta (Piotia) mrririca, A. Adams. M. testa turrita, crassa, olivacea, transversim striata, fasciis fuscis, transversis, interruptis ornata, spira acuminata ; anfractibus octo, planulatis, supremis longitudinaliter costatis, costis postice angulato-spinosis, ultimo et penultimo simplicibus ; apertura oblongo-ovata, antice viv effusa; labro postice sinuato. Hab. New Ireland. Mus. Cuming. 32. Mevantia (PiotiA) orrentTAtis, A. Adams. WM. testa ob- longo-turrita, epidermide nigerrima obtecta; spira acuminata ; anfractibus septem, superne angulatis et valde plicato-spinosis ; apertura oblongo-ovata, dimidium spire vix e@quante ; columella antice plana, subreflexa. Hab. Eastern Archipelago. Mus. Cuming. 33. Mexania (Trara) speciosa, A. Adams. WM. testa ovato- oblonga, transversim striata, epidermide fusca, villosa obtecta, spira plana truncata; anfractibus planulatis, ad angulum spinis coronatis ; apertura ovato-oblonga; columella antice subreflexa ; labro antice subproducto. Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming. July 26, 1853. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. Dr. Crisp exhibited the splenic vein of the Giraffe (which died last year at the Gardens), for the purpose of showing the valves. These, Dr. Crisp said, he had found in the splenic veins of many animals, and he believed they had never before been described, and that their me- chanism tended to throw some light upon the function of the spleen. Dr. Crisp also exhibited a drawing of the microscopical appear- ance of the cast-skin of the Toad (Bufo vulgaris). It consists of a beautiful network of hexagonal cells, with central nuclei. 100 The following papers were read :— 1. OpsERVATIONS ON THE Nests or Hummine Birps. By Joun Goutp, F.R.S. etc. Mr. Gould exhibited a collection of nests of Humming Birds, ex- emplifying the habitual characteristic structures of several genera. The first group to which his remarks were directed were the Hermit birds (Phaéthornis), which invariably build at the extremity of leaves, perhaps from the protection which that situation affords against the attacks of monkeys and other predatory animals. Oreotrochilus builds a beautiful nest, attached to the sides of rocks. Heliomaster meso- leucus makes a nest in a beautiful species of moss, depending from the trees. Most of the nests are cup-shaped, some being placed in forks, some on branches, some on leaves, some in ferns; they are shallow and delicately formed, ornamented in the most varied man- ner with feathers, or with festoons of moss and lichen, especially in the genus Hylocharis. The attachment of the lichen and other orna- ments is effected by means of fine cobwebs. The differences in the eggs of Humming Birds are not very ob- servable ; they are invariably two in number, white and oblong, with one supposed exception,—namely, that of a species inhabiting the Upper Amazon, which, according to Mr. Edwards, lays a spotted egg. But the differences of structure in the nests sufficiently corroborate the generic divisions into which these birds have been separated by modern ornithologists. Most of the nests exhibited were from the collection of Mr. Reeves of Rio, who presented them to Mr. Gould in the most liberal man- ner, with a view to assisting him in the completion of his monograph of this family. 2. DescripTION or A New Species oF Sorex, From INDIA. By R. TEMPLETON. SorEx? PURPURASCENS, 0. sp. Dark slate-coloured, with a tinge of purple; snout beneath and lower lip brownish, with a mesial groove above, running back half the distance to the eyes; front covered with black hairs having white tips, and gradually increasing in length as they extend backwards to the eyes, and arched a little forwards; eyes small and very black ; ears nearly naked and slaty brown ; belly slaty grey ; legs slaty brown, thinly covered with short greyish hairs, which project in a little tuft over each claw, beneath naked; the toes with eight or nine trans- verse wrinkles ; tail about two-thirds as long as the body, covered with short bristly hairs, and appearing beyond the middle somewhat grey from white annular wrinkles; furnished for about two-thirds of its length with long black bristly hairs. Length of body, 23 inches; tail, 13. 101 3. ON soME STAPHYLINIDZ, FOUND IN THE NESTS OF Termites. By M. ScuiopTE. It has long been known that some species of ants keep insects be- longing to different orders. The intention of the communication I am going to make is to point out that the same extraordinary phe- nomenon exists among the Termites. The insects which I have now the honour to bring under the notice of the Society, dwell amongst a certain species of Termites in the Brazils, and were collected, together with the Termes, by Mr. Reinhardt, whilst travelling for the Royal Museum of Natural History in Copenhagen through the province Minas Geraés. This Termes belongs to a peculiar little group of small species, the nests of which are built around branches of trees, and contain in their interior only a labyrinth of uniform passages, without any separate cell for the queen. The soldiers are not much larger than the work- ing individuals, and are nearly as numerous ; their head has its great- est dimension in the height ; the front extends below in a large horn ; the mandibles are not elongated, but exceedingly broad, and have a crenulated edge and a considerable horn on their outside. From physiological as well as from anatomical reasons I am of opinion, that the constitutional state of the society of Termites is established on the same fundamental laws as the societies amongst the Hymenoptera. Several species of ants have also soldiers. The working Termites are quite different from the larvee. In the species here mentioned they may be distinguished by the form of the instru- menta cibaria, especially by the two teeth at the end of the interior lobe of the maxillze, which are separated by a pointed incision in the working individuals, but in the larvee by a rounded one. The strangers or guests of Termites known to me are Staphyli- nide, belonging to the group of Aleocharini; they constitute two new genera. They agree with Lomechusa and Dinarda, in having a corneous hook on the end of the interior lobe of their maxille, but in other respects they present characters in the construction of the parts of the mouth and of the tarsi, which strikingly separate them from all other genera of that group. The abdomen is constructed in a most extraordinary manner, being membranaceous, of an enormous size, bent upwards so as to cover the thorax, and fixed in this po- sition by the dorsal faces of the second and third segments having grown together. Of one of the genera, which I have named Corotoca, two species are known to me (Corotoca Melantho and C. Phylo) ; they are about 3 millim. in length from the front to the end of the second segment of the abdomen. Of the first of these I have observed both sexes. The male is a little smaller than the female, but otherwise only to be distinguished by the dissection of the organs of generation. Of the other genus, named by me Spirachtha, the male is still un- known to me. The abdomen is furnished with three pairs of appen- dages, which are elongate, cylindrical, 2-jointed, membranaceous, and moveable by muscles at the base. These appendages are perhaps in- 102 tended for the same purpose as the tufts of hairs on the abdomen of the genus Claviger, which are known to be sucked by the ants; even in Lomechusa there are similar hairy appendages on the sides of the abdomen. Of this genus only one species is known to me (Spi- rachtha Eurymedusa), of about 2 millim. in length, from the front to the end of the second segment of the abdomen. In the abdomen of both genera I have found eggs in different stages of development, in Corotoca even eggs with fully developed larvee ; so that, beyond doubt, these animals are viviparous. If the Strepsiptera are to be considered as belonging to the order Coleoptera, an opinion which I endeavoured to prove as early as the year 1840*, this will be the second instance of viviparous Coleoptera. Fam. STAPHYLINI. Trib. ALEOCHARINI. Genus Cororoca. Mazilla mala interiori cornea, uncinata. Palpi mazillares 4-arti- culati. Ligula lata, rotundata, paraglossis obsoletis. Palpi labiales 3-articulati. Tarsi 4-articulati, posteriores articulo primo valde elongato. Abdomen membranaceum, fractum ; parte posteriori fixa, maxima, globosa, dorso anteriori animalis superposita. (Képn, zixrw.) 1. Corotoca Mrtantuo. fusca, fronte foveolata, pronoto multifoveolato, disco bituberculato; tibiis posterioribus fusi- Sormibus, fuscis ; scutis ventralibus segmenti quarti quintique transversis.—Mas., Fem. Long. a fronte ad apicem segmenti secundi abdominis 23-3 mill. 2. Cororoca Puyto. Fusca, vertice foveolato, pronoto multi- Joveolato, disco trituberculato ; tibiis posterioribus linearibus, nigrofuscis ; scutis ventralibus segmenti quarti quintique sub- quadratis.-—Fem. Long. a fronte ad apicem segmenti secundi abdominis 2}—32} mill. Genus SprRACHTHA. Mazwille mala interiori cornea, uncinata. Palpi mazillares 3-arti- culati. Ligula ampla, rotundata, paraglossis obsoletis. Palpi labiales 3-articulati, minutissimi, verruciformes, ligula super- tectit. Tarsi 4-articulati, posteriores articulo primo subelon- gato. Abdomen membranaceum, maximum, fractum; parte anteriori articuli secundi globosa ; parte posteriori fiva, conica, anterius ascendente, tribusque utrinque munita appendicibus membranaceis, filiformibus, biarticulatis. (XrepaxOijs.) SprracutHa EuryMepusa. Albissima, membranacea; antennis, capite, scutis thoracicis et abdominalibus pedibusque corneo- * See the introduction to ‘ Danmark’s Eleutherata,’ p. 21, note. 103 membraneis, pallide fuscis, coxis, femorum basi, trochanteribus posticis tibiisque fuscis, oculis fusco-nigris.—Fem. Long. a fronte ad apicem segmenti secundi abdominis 2 mill. ; lat. segmenti secundi abdominis | mill. This paper will be printed in full, illustrated with plates from the author’s drawings, in the Transactions of the Society. 4. On THE Capture or Devpainus Orca in SoutH GReEEN- LAND. By M. Reniiitter. ComMuUNICATED By SiR WAL- TER TREVELYAN. This note contained a description of a method of capturing these animals with a net, which had proved so successful, that the number taken in Westmanhavn alone since 1843, when the net was first used, amounted to 2200, whereas between 1819 and 1843, 280 only had been secured. As each animal is considered to average thirty gal- lons of oil, this branch of industry has produced upwards of £4000 sterling to the inhabitants of Westmanhavn within the last ten years. The meeting was then adjourned to Tuesday, November 8th. November 8, 1853. Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair, The following papers were read :-— 1. On toe ANATOMY OF THE WALRUS. By Proressor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. ere. Professor Owen communicated the chiet’ results of his dissection of the Walrus (Trichecus rosmarus) which died at the Gardens of the Zoological Society, October 1853. The author prefaced his ana- tomical description by some remarks on the physiognomy, attitudes and movements of the living animal; and more especially dwelt on the superior strength of its fin-shaped limbs, as compared with the ordinary Seals, the Walrus being able, when it moves on dry land, to raise its trunk from the ground—in other words, to walk—a mode of progression which strikingly contrasts with the awkward shuffle of the Seal, as it trails its belly on the earth, aiding its fore fins with the action of its powerful abdominal muscles. Both the bones and muscles of the fins of the Walrus are more powerfully developed than in the Seal, and this, the author concluded, had reference to its natural habitat among bergs and floes of ice, and the necessity of clambering among and over their rough, irregular surfaces. The sex of the animal dissected was female; the mammee were four in 104 number, two abdominal and two inguinal. There was no trace of ex- ternal ears. The eye is defended by a circular external eyelid, and by a broad thin membrana nictitans ; there is a small Harderian, or inner lacrymal gland, but no true lacrymal gland, punetum lacry- male, nor ductus ad nasum. The subcutaneous cellular tissue was very coarse, tough and elastic, almost granular to the touch, and re- sembling a corpus cavernosum. The disposition of the peritoneum and of the viscera of the abdomen was minutely described, and it was remarked that the odour of the visceral cavities and parts in this Walrus resembled more that of ordinary land quadrupeds than the peculiar odour noticed in the dissection of Seals ; but the flesh of the Walrus was dark coloured, as in the Seal tribe: the young animal dissected, had been fed, since its captivity, on oatmeal, milk, and water. The stomach had the form of an elongated siphon closely bent upon itself. The liver was divided into seven lobes. There was a large gall-bladder. The intestines in this young animal, which did not exceed four feet in length, were seventy-five feet long, the great intestine being only one foot in length, and the cecum colt one inch and a half. The kidneys were very complex, each being made up of about 400 small kidneys or renules, and each of these showing the normal structure of a simple kidney, such as is found in the dog or lion, viz. with the cortical and medullary part, the pelvis, mammilla and ureter. In the description of the viscera of the chest, the large thymus gland was noticed, and the notched or serrated cha- racter of the anterior margin of the lungs. The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus were both obliterated. The following is the description of the heart of the Walrus :— The blood is returned into the right auricle by a large precaval and postcaval vein, and by the coronary vein, which terminates close to the latter: there is a small semilunar valve at the coronary orifice, but no eustachian valve. A broad crescentic fold, looking down- wards, divides the sinus or fossa receiving the precaval vein, from the larger and deeper one receiving the postcaval vein: this fold answers to the upper border of the ‘ fossa ovalis’ in the human heart ; there is no orifice in the ‘fossa’ communicating with the left auricle. The appendix of the auricle extends in front of the base of the aorta as far as the pulmonary artery ; it gradually contracts to an obtuse point: in the Cystophora proboscidea the auricular appendix is short, broad and bifid; in both it is occupied by a reticular arrangement of carneee columne. The ventricles are broader in proportion to their length, and the apex is not produced, as in the Cystophora probosci- dea: the carneze columnee of the anterior division of the tricuspid valve, and a few of those of the right or external division, are attached to a short and thick fleshy column from the free wall of the ventricle; this column is connected by a short and thick ‘trabecula’ with the septum: most of the other tendinous chords are attached to the sep- tum; and a few to trabeculee connecting that fixed wall with the free wall of the ventricle. The pulmonary artery presents no peculiarity ; it is connected by the ligamentous remnant of the ‘ductus arteriosus,’ which is 10 lines long and 5 lines in diameter, to the under part of the aortic arch, just beyond the origin of the left subclavian; its 105 cavity is obliterated, but a short, thick, semilunar fold of the lining membrane of the aorta, with its concavity twmed towards the end of the arch, indicates the place of the former foetal communicating chan- nel. The left auricle and ventricle offer no peculiarities. The coats of the aortic arch are thickest near the origins of the great vessels sent to the head and fore-limbs, especially at the lower part of the arch, where they are 3 lines thick. The right subclavian and carotid arise close together, but scarcely from a common trunk: the left carotid and left subclavian have more obviously separate origins. The aorta suddenly diminishes beyond those primary branches, where it is connected with the consolidated and contracted ‘ ductus arteriosus.’ There is no arrangement, even in the very young Walrus here de- scribed, for accommodating the animal to its aquatic habits, by any direct intercommunication between the right and left sides of the heart. The hepatic veins, in their dilatations, resemble those of the ordinary Seals. The brain weighed 1 lb. 9 oz. avoir.; its convolutions and struc- ture were described. The hip-joint was found to be devoid of the ligamentum teres. Drawings were exhibited of the viscera of the thorax and abdomen, and the Memoir was terminated by a minute account of the dentition, and a disquisition on the homologies of the teeth of the Walrus, as elucidated by the state of the dentition im the young animal dissected. Professor Owen detected the following minute teeth exposed or buried in the gum, and adhering to the gum and periosteum of the jaws :—two denticles in each premaxillary bone; two denticles in each maxillary bone ; together with a deciduous canine, and four den- ticles in each ramus of the mandible. He gave the following as the formula of the deciduous dentition of the Walrus :— - 2—2 1 2—2 army) C y-? m == 18. Of the permanent series, the canine tusks had pushed through the gum, aud on laying open the substance of the jaws, the following teeth were found in course of formation :—in the premaxillary, the successor of the second minute incisor; in the maxillary, the succes- sors of the two deciduous molars, together with a third molar. In the lower jaw the successor of the second deciduous incisor, the suc- cessors of the two deciduous molars, and a third similar permanent molar. The germ of the permanent tusk, confined to the upper jaw, was 2 inches in length, and, like the germs of the smaller per- manent teeth, its base was widely open, and contained a large forma- tive pulp. In addition to the upper canine tusks, the normal number of per- manent and functional teeth in the Walrus is four on each side of both jaws; these teeth are simple, short, thick and obtuse, having the office of grinders. With respect to their nature and homologies, Professor Owen argued that the first, from its position in the pre- maxillary bone, was an ‘incisor’; the two following teeth, by their position in the maxillary bone, and their relation to the deciduous denticles, were ‘premolar’ teeth ; and he also regarded the last of the series of four, from its minor degree of development, as belong- 106 ing rather to the same (premolar) series, than as being the first of the true molars. As the first of the molariform permanent teeth in the lower jaw passes in front of the permanent incisor above, when the mouth is closed, it must be regarded as an ‘incisor’; the other three grinders as being ‘premolars’, two being proved to be such by displacing vertically their predecessors, and the third also appearing to be of the same series by its state of development. The Professor accordingly proposed the following as the formula of the normal or functional dentition of the Walrus :— i, cS, p= 18. But, as might be expected in a dentition deviating so remarkably from that of other Mammals of the same order, varieties are not unfre- quently met with in the number of the teeth of the Walrus. Pro- fessor Owen cited instances of such varieties in ten skulls of the Walrus, of different ages and sex. The result of which was, that occasionally a small tooth was found anterior to the normal series of four, and more commonly in the upper than in the lower jaw; and that, more rarely, a small tooth was superadded behind the normal four, in the upper jaw, and still more rarely in the lower jaw: the formula of the dentition of such varieties, in excess, being,— - 2-2 1—1 3—8 196. = @ 99?) © Gan ae pemre = e The additional anterior small incisor was due either to the reten- tion and growth of the first deciduous denticle, or to the develop- ment of a small successor to it. The additional posterior grinder was due to the occasional development of a germ in the back part of the gum or jaw. The minute milk-teeth relate, by their gubernacula, to the development of the permanent teeth, but seem never to be put to use themselves ; the milk-canine was buried in the gum outside the protruded point of the permanent canine ; so that this tooth is extri- cated and cuts the gum before the tooth of which it is the successor makes its appearance, that tooth being probably removed by absorp- tion. Here, therefore, was another instance, analogous to that of the rudimental teeth in the foetal Whale, of parts developed without any obvious office as organs of mastication, but serving to illustrate the relation of adhesion to a more normal type of dentition. In conclu- sion, Professor Owen remarked that the food of the Walrus consisted, in a state of nature, of sea-weed, crustaceans and mollusks; and that although, by the totality of its organization, it must be placed near the Seals, and with them be classed in the order Carnivora, yet that the incisors and premolars were alike well adapted to pound marine plants, and to break and crush shells. Fragments of a bivalve shell, a species of Mya, had been found with pounded sea-weed, by the Surgeon of Parry’s Polar Expedition, in the stomach of a full-grown Walrus. The great descending. canine tusks serve as weapons of offence and defence, and to aid the animal in mounting and clamber- ing over ice-blocks, bergs and floes in the Arctic Seas, in which the Walrus has been organized to enjoy its existence. 107 2. DescriIPTION or A New SPEciEsS OF CorYNACTIS. By Witu1AmM THoMpesoNn. CorYNACTIS HETEROCERA. Spec. Char.—Coriaceous ; the tentacula in each row varying in shape, the animal but slightly mutable. This Corynactis measures nearly an inch in diameter, and the same in height, when in a state of expansion; when contracted it has the shape of a button and is firm to the touch, coriaceous, and of a deli- cate yellow colour. The body is covered by an epidermis, which is easily detached and slimy ; when this was rubbed off the animal was of a dirty white ; the epidermis was replaced in a few days, when the animal recovered. its colour ; when portions only of the epidermis are rubbed off, it has a mottled appearance. When closed all the tentacles are completely withdrawn. The margin of the disk is crenated; the tentacles are placed within it. The tentacles in the outer row are thirty-two in number ; the other three rows have each two or three less; there are four rows in all. The tentacles in each row differ from the others; those in the outer row are the longest, then those of the second, third and fourth, in the order that I have named them; the third and fourth rows having the peduncles so short as to be nearly sessile. The shape of the ten- tacles, as I have stated, differs much. The rows of tentacula, as also the individual tentacles, closely approximate ; those in the outer row diverge slightly, and, when looked at from above, bear the appear- ance of a finely-lobed edge to the disk, the real margin being hidden by the heads of the tentacles hanging over it. The tentacles in each row appear to the eye short, stout and capitate; those in the first or outer row have the head bilobed or kidney-shaped, and a round tubercle placed below the head on the inner side ; all the tentacles are horizontal. The tentacles of the second row are of a peculiar con- struction, apparently uniting the capitate extremities of Corynactis with the elongated form of Actinia; the apex is a spear-shaped pro- cess, and this is seated on a peduncle formed by four globose bodies placed two and two, and divided from each other by constrictions more or less deep. In the third row the peduncles of the tentacles are very short, thick and capitate ; the crown is round, rather oblong, and with a constriction at half the distance from each end, giving the crown the appearance of a figure of 8. The fourth or innermost row is short, or shorter than those in the third ; they are in fact nearly sessile. The heads of the tentacles in the fourth row appear occa- sionally to vary ; sometimes being of the same shape as those in the third row, that is, bilobed, whilst at other times they are decidedly five-lobed. The whole of the tentacula are straight, rigid, regularly disposed, and point slightly outwards. They slightly change their shape at times when the animal is opening ; this however is not always the case. The disk within the inner row of tentacles is ample. The mouth is formed of two crenated lips, forming a straight ori- 108 fice; at times this is drawn into the shape of a crescent. Whilst copying this portion of my notes, my Corynactis does not appear quite easy ; it has thrown out its lobes, covering every part of the disk, with the exception of the crenated margin; the lobes do not rise, as in species of Actinia, above the margin ; they are on the contrary flat and even with it, and are firm to the touch. The colour of the animal is a delicate yellow or buff. The disk is of a pellucid white, streaked with fine radiating lines of a dead white. The tentacles of the first row are pellucid white, with the capitate extremities dead white ; the tentacles in the three remaining rows are also pellucid white, in parts tinged faintly with a reddish hue; the capitate extremities have a powdered white edge. The mouth is of a darker yellow than the body. This species does not appear to change its shape very much, thus differing from the other known British species; the only change I have noticed was that from a state of contraction to one of expan- sion, from the button shape to nearly a true cylinder, of pretty equal dimensions at both extremities, with a constriction immediately under the crenated margin. It easily adheres by its base to any substance, and may be said to be rather lively, often continuing for some time constantly opening and closing. It also throws out lobes in the manner of other Aetiniade, and these at times completely cover the disk. If touched it instantly contracts, but does not turn sulky, commencing immediately to re- open, which it does very slowly, and this by exserting the tentacles on one quarter of the disk before it begins to exsert those on the other three quarters. The tentacles have not the motion of Aetinia or Anthea. I dropped a piece of meat on the disk when opened ; it remained there some little time without bemg taken into the stomach ; after some time the animal wished to rid itself of the meat; it then slowly bent over, and the meat rolled or floated across the tentacles without being impeded by them. When taken this animal was per- fectly smooth and free from all foreign substances, such as sand and gravel. The appearance of this Corynactis reminds me of a coronet, the heads of the outer row of tentacles bearing a resemblance to the balls on the edge of the coronet, and this more so than in either C. viridis or C. Allmannii; and I should have proposed the specific name of coronalis, did it not partly apply to the other species. Corynactis heterocera, it will have been seen by the description, differs very materially from the other British species, in the form of the tentacles, the colour, the superior size, the coriaceous texture, its general immutability of form, and in having no foreign substance attached to the epidermis when caught, as in C. Allmannii. I have named it heterocera in reference to its most prominent distinction from the other species in its differently shaped tentacles. Hab. Dredged in Weymouth Bay, in 8 fathoms of water, on a gravelly bottom, Sept. 10, 1853. 109 November 22, 1853. Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1, Descriptions or Two New Species or Hummine Birps, From Perv. By Joun Govuxp, F.R.S. 1. SpATHURA CISSIURA. General plumage bronzy green; wings purplish brown ; four outer tail-feathers purplish steel black ; under surface green, paler on the throat ; thighs thickly plumed and of a reddish buff. Total length, 44 inches; bill, $; wing, 12; tail, 23. Hab. Peru. Remark.—Most nearly allied to Spathura Peruana, but differing from that and all the other members of the genus, in having the outer tail-feathers webbed throughout their entire length, and consequently the spathulate tips less conspicuous. 2. CALOTHORAX MiIcRURUS, Gould. All the upper surface mealy bronzy green; throat of a glittering amethystine hue; under surface buff, deepest on the sides; tail narrow, rigid and black. Total length, 2% inches; bill, 1,9,; wing, 1,5;; tail, 4. Hab. Peru. Remark.—This is a very diminutive species, and differs from all others in the extreme shortness of the tail, which is exceeded in length by both the upper and under coverts. 2. Descriptions or Two New GENERA (PFEIFFERIA AND JANELLA) OF Lanp Mo.uusca. By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. Some years ago I described a new genus of Helices under the name of Nanina, remarkable from the mantle of the animal being reflexed and produced over the surface of the shell, as in Vitrina, but differing from that genus in the shell being more Helicoid, and in the mantle pot being produced in front, or forming a kind of shield over the back of the neck; this genus has been very generally adopted, and now contains a large number of species. The animal of Nanina, like the Parmacelle and Helicariones, has the hinder part of the uppermost extremity of the foot truncated and furnished with a linear perpendicular gland with thickened lips. Mr. Cuming, who lately supplied me with a number of animals of shells in spirits, sent me, along with other kinds, specimens of a shell which Dr. Pfeiffer has described under the name of Helix micans, which at once attracted my attention, on account of the shell near 110 the peristome being covered with a thin reflexed portion of the mantle. I at first considered it was a modification of the genus Na- nina with a more dilated mantle, and a much more globular shell ; but on more particular examination, I am convinced that it is the type of a new genus, as the back of the foot is depressed and flat- tened, and quite destitute of any appearance of a subcaudal gland. I propose to call this genus Pfeifferia, after my excellent friend Dr. Louis Pfeiffer, the author of the “‘ Monographia Helicum ;”’ it may be characterized as follows :— PYEIFFERIA. Animal large for the size of the shell; mantle edge expanded, thin, reflexed over the outer surface of the shell when contracted in spirits, forming an even margin to the outer part of the peristome. Foot moderate, depressed behind, acute at the tips, without any subcaudal gland. Shell subglobose, imperforate, thin, brittle, white, pellucid. Spire with small whorls, third and fourth rapidly enlarging, the last inflated; aperture rounded, lunate. Columella slightly and regu- larly arched. The peristome thin, straight, acute. Mr. Cuming informs me, that when he poured boiling water on them, to kill them, the animal, in attempting to return within the shell, burst it, from being so much larger than the shell itself ; he was consequently compelled to drown the animal and let it re- main in the water until it was half putrid, by which means he was able to procure sound shells. He tried boiling water several times, and destroyed some hundreds of shells before resorting to the latter means. I may observe, that the animal in spirits does not give one the im- pression of being so large, compared with the shell, as the above description would imply ; but, like the Succinee, Vitrine and other genera, these animals appear to have the faculty of absorbing a quan- tity of moisture, and of inflating their bodies and making them appear of a large size, and when suddenly killed they have not the power of lessening it, but while alive they certainly have. During dry and perhaps cold weather they expel the air and water, and so contract their bodies, that they can be withdrawn a considerable distance within the cavity of the shell. I have often seen this ceconomy in the amber snails, Succinee, and the shield shells, Vitrine, and Pro- fessor Nilsson has observed the same fact with regard to the latter genus, as quoted by me (Gray, Turton Man. 119). The type of the genus is PFEIFFERIA MICANS. Helix micans, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, 71 ; Monogr. Helic. li. 24. Corasia micans, Albers, Heliceen, 111. Nanina Albaiensis, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. 1853, p. 331, teeth. Hab. Lucon. 111 Mr. Cuming observed it in the greatest abundance on the leaves of bushes at St. Jauno, in the province of Cagayan, at the extreme north part of the island of Lugon. Dr. Albers refers the species to his subgenus Corasia, consisting of Helices with large reflected peristomes ; the shells have some re- semblance to the young imperfect specimens of some species of that genus, as Helix Albaiensis, but they differ from them in the pillar lip being evenly arched and imperforate, and not straight from the axis and slightly perforated, as in their young shells it always is. MM. Quoy and Gaimard described a land mollusk which they discovered on leaves in Tasman’s Bay, New Zealand, under the name of Lima bitentaculatus, Voy. Astrolabe, t. 13. f.1, 2,3. They only found a single specimen, which, they say, they only partially exa- mined. From this description, as the animal differed from Limax in so many particulars that it was impossible to keep it im that genus, I formed a provisional genus for it under the name of Janella, in the 4th volume of Mrs. Gray’s ‘ Figures of Mollusca,’ p.112. I have just received from New Zealand a specimen of land mollusk which agrees with the animal described by MM. Quoy and Gaimard in so many particulars, that I am inclined to believe it to be either the spe- cies they observed, or a second species of the same genus ; and as it offers some peculiarities not noticed in their description or figure, I shall proceed to characterize the genus. JANELLA. Body elongate, convex ; back rounded; tail not keeled, tapering, acute behind, without any subcaudal gland. Mantle covering the whole of the back, with a slightly raised lateral margin, leaving a rather broad space between its edge and the edge of the foot, thin, smooth, with a longitudinal groove along the centre of the back ex- tending the whole length of the animal, and giving out branches from each side which diverge backward to the edge; in front, over the head, there is given out a short, straight, diverging branch on each side to the hinder base of the tentacles, then forked, and the two branches continued on the under edge of the mantle to the corner of the mouth; tentacles two, arising from the front just within the edge of the mantle, and quite retractile like those of the Slugs. Aperture of respiration a very small round foramen, with a raised edge, on the right side and close to the central groove on the back, just above the aperture of reproduction. Mouth inferior, just at the end of the foot, with three tubercles in front, which are formed by the continuation of the grooves on the front of the mantle. Aper- ture for reproductive organs on the front part of the edge of the right side of the mantle, about one-fourth the entire length from the head. The foot narrow, divided into three indistinctly-marked longitudi- nal bands, the middle band rather the widest, the lateral bands with rather distant cross grooves, most distinct on the outer edge, and 112 with shorter marginal grooves between them, giving the edge of the foot a crenated appearance ; ; the end of the body becomes suddenly more slender, with a prominence on the back just before this sudden alteration, as if the mass of the viscera were confined to the first two-thirds of the body ; but this may be caused by the contraction of the animal from being in spirits. Shell none, or at least there is no appearance of any through the skin. JANELLA ANTIPODARUM. Hab. New Zealand. Length three-fourths of a inch. This genus is most nearly allied to Philomycus (=Tebenophorus, Binney=Limacella, Blainville), with which it agrees in having a thin mantle covering the whole of the back; but it differs from it in the position of the respiratory aperture, and in the presence of only two tentacles, which, instead of being placed on the head, as in Philo- mycus and all the other Arionide and Helicide, are placed in the front part of the mantle. All these characters induce me to regard it as the type of a new family of Pulmonata, which may be called Janellide. 3. On THE ATTITUDES AND FicureEs or THE Morse. By J. E. Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. The arrival of a living Morse, or Walrus, in this country, show- ing that it is very different in its manner of moving from the Seals, has induced me to examine and compare the figures which have hitherto been given of this animal. Most of the oldest figures were purely imaginary. To this series must be referred the Rosmarus and WERK] (2 he wi yi ORS AR Fig. 1. Rosmarus. Gesner, Addenda, 368, 16. 1560. (Reduced one-ninth.) 113 Vacea marina in the Addenda to Gesner (pp. 368, 369), published Fig. 2. Vacea marina. Gesuner, Addenda, p. 369. 1560. (Reduced nearly one-third.) in 1560, and the Poreus monstrosus of Olaus Magnus (p. 788), published in 1568. They all have more or less elongated tails, four feet, and the elongated tusks in the lower jaw. Fig. 3. Porcus monstrosus Oceani Germanici. Olaus Magnus, 1568, p. 788. The Rosmarus of Olaus Magnus (p. 789) agrees with the pre- ceding in most of its characters, but has the tusks in the upper jaw. Fig. 4. Rosmarus seu Morsus Norvegicus. Olaus Magnus, 1568, p. 789. No. CCLV.—ProcreEpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 114 Gesner, in his Icones, 1560 (p. 178), gives another figure more like a Seal, and with the teeth in the upper jaw; but it is repre- (Reduced two-thirds.) sented as having four feet, with claws like a Cat’s, the fore legs being furnished with short wings at their junction with the body ; and the body ends in a broad fan-like tail, similar to the hinder ex- tremities of the Seal. This figure is copied in Jonston’s ‘ Pisces,’ t. 44, in 1657. Fig. 6. Sea Horse. 1609. In ‘The Three Voyages to the North in the year 1609,’ reprinted by the Hakluyt Society, a plate shows a “true portraiture of our boat, and how we nearly got into trouble with the sea horses.’ This animal is represented like a Seal, with the teeth in its upper jaw, but the back is arched, and the belly a considerable distance from the ice, on which it is walking. Another very rough seal-like figure Fig. 7. Wall-Ross. Marten’s Spitzbergen, &c. 1675, t. P. fig. 0. (Reduced three-tenths.) is given in Marten’s ‘Spitzbergen in 1675, tab. P. fig. 6. Buffon, 115 in 1765, in the tenth volume of his ‘ Histoire Naturelle,’ t. 54, gives the figure of a male, evidently from a stuffed skin, exactly resem- Fig. 8. Le Morse. Buffon, xiii. t.54¢. 1765. (Reduced two-fifths.) bling the common Seal in form and position ; and this figure has been repeatedly copied. In a small quarto tract, called the ‘Histoire du Pays nommé Spitsberghe, écrit par H. G. A., Amsterdam, chez Hessel Ger- vard A.,’ 1613, a plate at page 20 contains an excellent figure of the Morse and its young, “ad vivum delineatum ab Hesselo G. A.” Fig. 9. Walruss. Ad vivum delineatum ab Hesselo G. A. Histoire de Spitsberghe, by H. G. A., 1613. Another edition, same date. (Reduced four-sevenths. ) This figure was repeated in Laet’s ‘Amer. Deseript.’ p. 28, 1633, by Jonston, ‘Pisces,’ t. 44, in 1657, and by Shaw, ‘Zoology,’ t. 68%, from Jonston. : In Cook’s last ‘ Voyage’ there is a fine plate (t. 52), after a draw- ing by Westall, of a boat’s party attacking a drove of Sea-horses ; the centre animal of this group is copied, under the name of the Arctic Walrus, by Shaw, ‘Zoology,’ t. 68. This figure also represents the animal in its natural position, with the hinder legs bent under the 116 body, but the figure is more artistic and less natural than that of Mr. Hessel Gerrard A. i i S yy My es ” a Fig. 10. Arctic Walrus. Cook’s last Voy. t. 52. Shaw, Zool. t. 68. (Reduced one-sixth.) 4. Drescriprions o¥ New SPECcIEs or THE Genus Conus, FROM THE COLLECTION OF Hucu CuminG, Esa. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., Sure. R.N. 1. Conus optasitis, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica, solida, levigata, albida, immaculata; spira conica, acuminata, apice acuto; anfractibus permultis, in medio angulatis, radia- tim striatis ; labro in medio producto, postice prope suturam valde inciso. Hab. 2 2. Conus sutcirerus, A. Adams. C. testa oblongo-turbinata, solidiuscula, transversim valde sulcata, sulcis distantibus, lon- gitudinaliter elevatim striatis ; fusca, maculis obscuris, albidis, transversim dispositis, ornata; spira acuminata; anfractibus gradatis, transversim valde sulcatis et transversim striatis, ad peripheriam luteo maculatis ; apice elato, acuto. Hab. New Ireland. Mus. Cuming. 3. Conus cyAnostoma, A. Adams. OC. testa turbinata, conica, leviter inflata, subcinerea, fasciis tenuibus, articulatis, macu- lisque fuscescentibus sparsim variegata, bast valde sulcata ; 117 apertura fauce violaceo-purpurea; spira ad suturas sulcata, anfractibus gradatis ; apice elevato, acuto. Hab. West Africa. Mus, Cuming. 4. Conus specraBitis, A. Adams. OC. testa elongato-cylin- dracea, albida, aurantiaco-nebulosa, transversim lirata, liris elevatis, subdistantibus, rufo-fusco articulatis ; spira convexa, obtusa; anfractibus convexiusculis, sulcatis, ultimo rotundato. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. This species belongs to the subgenus Hermes, and differs from H. nussatella in the last whorl being roundly angulated posteriorly, in the elevated distant ridges and in the obtuse spire: in form it is like HI, violaceus. 5. Conus caiatus, A. Adams. C. festa parva, turbinato- conica, transversim valde sulcata, sulcis distantibus, longitudi- naliter elevatim striatis; albida, aurantiaco late reticulata ; spira depresso-concava, anfractibus suleatis, concinne coronatis ; apice mucronato, subacuto. Hab. Chinese Seas. Mus. Cuming. 6. Conus sticticus, A. Adams. C. festa elongato-turbinata, levi, nitida, ad basin valde sulcata, fusca, fasciis nigro albo- que articulatis, confertis, ubique cineta; spira valde elata, anfractibus gradatis, ad peripheriam albo maculatis ; apice acuto. Hab. 7. Conus putcuerR, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata, transversim sulcata, longitudinaliter tenuissime striata, sulcis cancellatis ; albida, rufescente nebulosa, fasciis angustis, albo rufoque articulatis, ubique ornata; spira acuminata, anfrac- tibus coronatis, transversim liratis et striatis; apice acuto, mucronato. Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming. This species belongs to the section Cylindrella. ? Mus. Cuming. 8. Conus pratBaAtus, A. Adams. C. testa obeso-turbinata, leviuscula, basi oblique valde sulcata, alba, nitida ; spira elata, concava ; anfractibus striatis, convexiusculis ; apice acuto. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 9. Conus commonpvs, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata, angusta, levi, basi oblique sulcata, alba, epidermide fulva ob- tecta; spira elevata, convexo-acuta, pallide fulvo variegata ; apice elato, acuto, suturis valde impressis; anfractu ultimo postice acuto, carinato. Hab. ? Mus. Gruner. 10. Conus nreuectus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica, subventricosa, transversim sulcata, carneola, rufescente varie- gata, fascia unica rufa, lineisque transversis, albo rufoque arti- 118 culatis, ornata; spira depressa, rufo radiatim picta, anfracti- bus concentrice striatis, in medio depressiusculis. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 11. Conus turipus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica, levi, longitudinaliter substriata, cinerascente, fasciis duabus distantibus, albis ornata; anfractu ultimo postice zona albo- articulata cincto; spira depressa, anfractibus concavis, sutura impressa. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. 12. Conus vinctus, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato-conica, solida, longitudinaliter strigosa, olivacea, maculis albis, irregu- laribus, lineisque transversis, nigro alboque articulatis, undique ornata ; spira conica, elata, anfractibus valde sulcatis ; apice mucronato ; labro arcuato, intus nigro-fusco articulato. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. 13. Conus succinctus, A. Adams. (C. testa turbinato-conica, ventricosa, levi, carneola, fascia angusta, albo rufoque articu- lata, in medio succincta, fascia altera evanida, anteriore ; spira obtusa, anfractibus subgradatis, marginibus rotundatis, in medio sulcatis ; labro arcuato; apertura antice subeffusa. Hab. Natal. Mus. Cuming. 14. Conus aneuxatus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica, levi, nitida, solida, alba, maculis rufescentibus variegata, macu- lisque rufis, in fasciis transversis dispositis, ornata; spira acuta, concava, anfractibus levibus, anfractu ultimo postice acute an- gulato; labro tenui, acuto, in medio producto, postice valde in- ciso. Hab. 15. Conus asstmitis, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato-conica, longitudinaliter striata, transversim creberrime sulcata, sulcis antice validioribus, alba, maculis ceruleo-nigris, irregularibus, undulatis, lineisque transversis, nigro rufoque articulatis, or- nata; spira conica, acuta, anfractibus cancellatis ; apice ro- seo, mucronato; labro areuato, margine intus albo nigroque articulato. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. ? Mus. Cuming. 16. Conus Hevassn, A. Adams. We have imposed this name upon the Conus pulchellus of Sowerby, that appellation having been already employed for another species. 17. Conus 1nnexus, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata, levi, solidiuscula, fulva, aurantiaco nebulosa, fasciis duabus, latis, rufo-fuscis, lineisque transversis, articulatis, subconfertis ornata ; spira conica acuminata, anfractibus subgradatis, con- centrice valde liratis, marginibus rufo-punctatis ; labro recto, postice arcuato; apertura intus alba. Hab. Natal. Mus. Cuming. 119 18. Conus anceps, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica, transversim striata, antice valde sulcosa, solida, alba, rufo- variegata, fasciis duabus, transversis, aurantiacis ornata ; spira conica, acuta, anfractibus excavatis, ad suturas subcrenulatis, anfractu ultimo postice subrotundato ; labro in medio inflexo. Hab. Moluccas. Mus. Cuming. 19. Conus comptus, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato-conica, ventricosula, levi, nitida, antice oblique sulcata, fulva, cingulo unico macularum fuscarum ornata; anfractu ultimo postice convexo, antice attenuato, basi subreflexo; labro tenui, arcuato; spira depressa; anfractibus concentrice sulcatis, marginibus subnodulosis. Hab. Natal. Mus. Cuming. 20. Conus rascratus, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbinata, nitida, transversim striata, albida, fasciis tribus, latis, auran- tiacis ornata; spira depressa, anfractibus concavis, extus mar- ginatis ; labro in medio coarctato ; anfractu ultimo postice an- gulato. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 21. Conus Nov#-Hotuanpia#, A. Adams. C. testa turbinato- conica, subventricosa, longitudinaliter striata, transversim valde suleata, cinerascente, castaneo maculata et nebulosa ; spira ele- vatiuscula, apice acuto, anfractibus angulatis, concentrice sul- catis, et radiatim striatis ; apertura intus luride violascente ; labro margine arcuato. Hab. Swan River. Mus. Cuming. 22. Conus stiemaTicus, A. Adams. C. testa elongato-turbi- nata, levi, basi oblique suleata, alba, maculis rufis irregulari- bus, in seriebus fribus dispositis, ornata; spira elevatiuscula, anfractibus concavis, transversim sulcatis, fasciis rufis radia- tim pictis; apice acuto, submucronato ; labro acuto, margine arcuato. Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming. 23. Conus PRECELLENS, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato- conica, albida, maculis irregularibus, rufescentibus varie picta, transversim valde lirata, interstitiis pulcherrime cancellatis ; spira valde elata, acuminata, anfractibus multis, angulatis et cancellatis, anfractu ultimo antice attenuato ; labro in medio inflexo, postice valde inciso. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 24, Conus pesipiosus, A. Adams. C. testa pyramidato-conica, levissima, basi oblique sulcata, pallide fusca, fascia albida, transversa, lineisque castaneis, interruptis, confertis, et lineis albidis undulatis postice ornata; spira elata, conica, anfrac- tibus planiusculis, in medio transversim bisulcatis ; labro ar- cuato, postice iciso. Hab. West Africa. Mus. Cuming. 120 5. Monocrapru or Piecotrema, A New Genus or GASTERO- popous Mou.usks, BELONGING TO THE Famity AuRICcU- LIDZ, FROM SPECIMENS IN THE CoLLEecTION oF HvuGu Cumine, Esa. By H. ann A. Apams. Genus Piecotrema, H. & A. Adams. Testa ovato-conica, umbilicata, transversim sulcata; spira elata, acuta; apertura angusta; labio triplicato, plica mediana bi- partita ; labro extus incrassato, intus bidentato. Shell ovate-conic, solid, umbilicated ; spire elevated, acute; aper- ture contracted, oblong ; inner lip with three plaits, the middle one bifid; outer lip with a marginal varix, internally bidentate. A genus of small shells allied to Cassidula. 1. Puecorrema typica, H. & A. Adams. PP. testa ovato- conica late et profunde umbilicata, pallide ferruginea, fulvo cincta ; spira conica, elata, transversim valde sulcata, an- fractu ultimo basi truncato; apertura angusta ; columella tri- plicata, plica mediana bipartita ; labro extus incrassato, quasi varicoso, margine antice subreflexo, intus bituberculato ; umbi- lico patulo, perspectivo. Hab. Pulo Penang (Lieut. Taylor). Mus. Cuming. This is the most characteristic species of the genus, and is remark- able for the great size of the umbilicus, causing the base of the shell to appear as if truncated. 2. PLECOTREMA MONILIFERA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovato- conica, vie perforata; spira conica, acuta, transversim lirata, liris granulosis, moniliformibus, confertis ; apertura angusta ; columella triplicata, plica mediana bipartita; labro extus in- crassato, intus bidentato. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This species is not distinctly umbilicated, and the conspicuous transverse liree are granular, so as to assume a moniliform appear- ance; the columella, as usual in this genus, is furnished with three plaits, and the outer lip is thickened externally. 3. PLEcoTREMA PUNCTIGERA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovata, vie perforata; spira conica, obtusiuscula ; fulva, fusco-zonata, transversim punctata, punctis in lineis equidistantibus, trans- versis dispositis ; apertura angusta, coarctata ; columella tri- plicata, plica postica tuberculiformi, mediana bipartita ; labro intus tuberculato, tuberculo mediano valido. Hab. Borneo (Lieut. Taylor). Mus. Cuming. The most conspicuous feature in this species consists of the nume- rous distinct punctures arranged in transverse rows, and in the cha- racter of the tubercles in the interior of the outer lip. 4. PLecorreMA tmperrorATA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovato- conica, imperforata ; spira elata, obtusiuscula ; pallide fusca, 121 transversim punctato-striata; anfractibus supremis transver- sim sulcatis, ultimo basi attenuato, postice valde transversim sulcato; apertura angusta; columella triplicata, plica me- diana bipartita ; labro intus quadrituberculato. Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming. In this species there is no umbilicus, and the last whorl is pointed and subacute anteriorly ; the whorls of the spire are sulcate, and the outer lip is furnished internally with four tubercles. 5. PLecoTreMA LirATA, H.& A. Adams. PP. testa wmbilicata, ovato-conica, fusca, pallide fulvo-cincta ; spira acuta, anfracti- bus planis, transversim liratis, liris confertis ; apertura parva, angusta ; labio subcalloso; columella triplicata, plica postica obsoleta, tuberculiformi; labro extus incrassato, intus biden- tato ; umbilico intus costa elevata, spirali munito. Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming. In this species the outer lip is thickened, and there is a spiral callus in the rather wide umbilicus. 6. PLecorrema cuausa, H. & A. Adams. P. festa rimata, ovato-conoidea; spira acuta; rufo-fusca, aut pallide fulva, transversim lirata, liris confertis, elevatis ; apertura angusta, ringente; labio calloso, triplicato, plica mediana bipartita, an- tica pervalida; labro extus incrassato, margine inflexo, intus valde bidentato. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Mus. Cuming. The aperture in this species is very narrow and ringent, the outer lip is thickened externally, with the margin somewhat reflexed, and the umbilicus is reduced to a narrow fissure. 7. PuecoTtReMA pecussaTA, H. & A. Adams. PP. testa ovato- conica, umbilicata ; spira conica, apice acuto; brunnea, longi- tudinaliter striata, transversim sulcata, liris intermediis sub- granulosis ; apertura oblonga, angusta, antice quadrata, quasi truncata ; columella triplicata, plica postica tuberculiform, mediana bipartita ; labro acuto, extus pallide fusco, intus albo marginato, bituberculato ; regione umbilicali carina spirali cir- cumceincta. Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming. The base of the last whorl, owing to the large size of the umbili- cus, appears as if truncated. 8. PLecorrReMA puNCTATO-sTRIATA, H. & A. Adams. P. festa ovata, solida, vix rimata; spira elata, conica; ferruginea, transversim punctato-striata; apertura oblonga, angusta; colu- mella triplicata, plica postica tuberculiformi, mediana bipar- tita; labro acuto, intus albo-marginato, tridentato. Hab. Borneo (Lieut. Taylor). Mus. Cuming. The transverse striee in this species are conspicuously punctate, and there are three tubercles in the interior of the outer lip; the spire is acute, and the last whorl rather produced, with only an um- bilical fissure. 122 9. Puecorrema concinna, H. & A. Adams. P. testa umbili- cata, ovato-conica; spira elata, apice acuto; sordide fulva, transversim valde sulcata, liris intermedits subgranulosis; aper- tura parva, angusta; labio calloso, columella triplicata, plica mediana bipartita; labro eatus marginato, margine reflexo, intus bidentato ; umbilico magno, patulo. \ Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. The umbilicus in this species is large and open; the inner lip is callous, and the outer lip thickened externally, with the margin some- what reflexed. 10. Puecorrema exaraTA, H. & A. Adams. P. testa ovato- conica, umbilicata ; spira elata, acuta; brunnea, transversim sulcata, liris intermediis leviuseulis ; apertura angusta ; colu- mella triplicata, plica mediana bipartita; labio subcalloso ; labro extus inerassato, margine antice subreflexo, intus bituber- culato. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. In this species the umbilicus is pervious, and the spire is elevated and acute; the spaces between the transverse grooves are nearly smooth, and the margin of the outer lip is somewhat reflected. 11. PLecorTREMA LABRELLA, Deshayes. Auricula labrella, Desh. Encycl. Meth. Vers. p. 92; Mag. de Zool. part 1. pl. 14. p. 14. ? duric. faber, Férussac. 12. PLecoTREMA 1n=QUALIS, C. B. Adams. Pedipes inequalis, C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conchology. December 13, 1853. R. C. Griffith, Esq., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— $ 1. Descriptions or New Species or Bucconips. By Purure Lurxiey Scuater, F.Z.S. (Aves, Pl. L. LI.) |. Bucco raptratus, Sclater. (Pl. L.) B. supra clare ferru- gineus, nigro transversim radiatus ; nucha et dorso summo pene omnino ngris; corpore subtus et torque cervicali supra pallide fulvescenti-albis ; capitis lateribus, pectore et ventris lateribus lineis nigris transversim radiatis ; loris, gula, ventre medio crissoque albis ; pedibus nigris ; rostro plumbeo. Long. tota 8°0; ale, 3-4; caude, 3°0. 7 ." IER OG. 2) 1). cree M & 1 Hanhart, mp! Wolf, lith. BUCCO RADIATUS. Sclace + a OL Filet Wi \ i} ee | vi é f i Nee Wee AT M iN Hanhart In z a { | 123 Hab. in Nova Grenada. Mus. Britannico. Obs. B. chacuru affinis, sed subtus radiatus et rostro plumbeo nec rubro; maculis auricularibus nullis. 2. Bucco striaTIPectus, Sclater. B. corpore supra nigrescente, alis caudaque magis brunnescentibus, omnino rufescente trans- versim striatis; capite nigro fere immaculato; mento albo; gutture toto et collo undique fulvo-rufis ; pectore et ventris lateribus albis, nigro longitudinaliter striatis; ventre medio albo, crisso fulvescente. Long. tota, 7°8; ale, 3°5. Hab. in Bolivia. Mus. Derbiano. Obs. Species B. maculato maxime affinis sed subtus striis nigris nee maculis rotundis aspersa. 3. MauacorrTiLna FuLvoGuLARIS, Sclater. M. capite toto et dorso summo nigris, scapis plumarum clare fulvis ; dorso, alis caudaque fuliginoso-brunneis ; dorso medio punctis paucis tri- angularibus fulvis ; uropygit plumis anguste fulvo marginatis ; cauda immaculata ; mento et gutture toto clare fulvis ; pectore nigro, scapis plumarum late albis ; ventre pallide fulvescente. Long. tota 8°5; ale, 3°7. Hab. in Bolivia. Mus. Derbiano. Affinis M. torquate, Hahn: 4. Mavacopriza supstriaTA, Sclater. (Pl. LI.) M. supra umbrino-brunnea, capite nigrescentiore ; capite et dorso summo longitrorsum fulvo striolatis ; dorsi et uropygiu plumis rufescen- tibus, ochraceo anguste marginatis ; alis caudaque immaculate cinerascenti-brunneis; loris et mystacibus elongatis, albis; late- ribus capitis et corpore infra nigrescentibus, ochraceo et albo late striatis ; gula media et pectore toto rufescenti-ochraceis ; ventre brunneo et ochraceo-albido confuse mixto; cauda subtus cinerascentiore ; rostro pedibusque nigris. Long. tota, 7°8; ale, 3°8; caudze, 3:8. Hab. m Nova Grenada. 5. Maacoprita aspersa, Sclater. M. supra fuliginoso-brun- nea, dorso rufescentiore ; alis caudaque immaculate brunneis ; nucha, dorso toto et alarum tectricibus maculis triangularibus, clare fulvis, aspersis; loris albescentibus ; regionis auricularis plumarum scapis pallide fulvis ; mystacibus et plumis mentali- bus rigidis; gula alba; pectore in ferrugineum transeunte ; ventre toto crissoque obscure albis, ferrugineo tinctis ; pectore et ventris lateribus obsolete fuliginoso-striatis ; rostro nigro, mandibula inferiore ad basin flava; pedibus obscure brunneis. Long. tota 7°25; ale, 3°2; caude, 3°2. Hab. in Venezuela. Mus. Britannico. Obs. Species preecedenti et M. mystacali, Lafr., quasi intermedia ; coloribus corporis superi huic, inferioris vero illi approximans. I am at present acquainted with about thirty-two species of the 124 fissirostral family Bucconide, of which I believe the five just de- scribed to be hitherto unrecognised. Two of them are to be found in the Derby Museum at Liverpool; of two there are specimens in the British Museum: the only example of the Malacoptila sub- striata | have yet seen is in my own collection. Four natural genera have been constituted in this family, Bucco, Malacoptila, Monasa, and Chelidoptera. For the more debile and passerine form of Malacoptila, represented by the Bucco rubecula, Spix, and Lypornix ruficapilla, Tschudi, I propose the new generic or subgeneric appellation Nonnula, type N. rubecula (Bucco rube- cula, Spix, Av. Bras. i. t. 39. fig. 1. p. 51). The members of this section are much inferior in size to the true Malacoptile. 2, Descriptions ofr NINETEEN New Species oF HELICcEA, FROM THE CoLLECTION oF H. Cumine, Ese. By Dr. L. Preirrer. 1. Hexrx Ganoma, Pfr. H. testa aperta, perforata, turbinato- depressa, solida, sublevigata, spiraliter indistincte striata, ver- nicosa, fulva; spira convexo-conoidea, obtusa; sutura impressa, simplice ; anfractibus 5, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, medio subcarinato, infra angulum et circa perforationem late fusco- fasciato, non descendente, basi distincte radiato-striato ; aper- tura obliqua, subangulato-lunata, intus lactea; peristomate recto, obtuso, lilaceo-limbato, margine columellari superne bre- viter dilatato, repando. Diam. maj. 51, min. 43, alt. 26 mill. Hab. in insula Ceylon rarissima (Ff. Layard). 2. Hextrx concavospira, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, trochi- formi, tenui, via striatula, sub epidermide fugace, fulvescente alba; spira concavo-conica, apice acutiuscula ; sutura submar- ginata ; anfractibus 7, planiusculis, ultimo convexiore, medio acute carinato, antice non descendente, bast convexo ; apertura parum obliqua, angulato-lunari ; peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari arcuato, ad perforationem brevissime re- flexo. Diam. maj. 133, min. 12, alt. 11 mill. Had. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites). 3. Heiix uypuasma, Pfr. H. testa vix perforata, trochiformi, tenui, confertim radiato-striata, sulcis remotioribus spiralibus quasi texta, pellucida, corneo-albida ; spira subconcavo-conica, acutiuscula ; sutura marginata; anfractibus 73, convexiusculis, ultimo convexiore, compresso-carinato, non descendente, basi convexo, nitido, sublevigato ; apertura obliqua, rhombeo-lunari ; peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari substricte de- scendente, superne vix dilatato, refleaiusculo. Diam. maj. 15, min. 133, alt. 103 mill. Hab. in insula Ceylon ‘Thwaites). 125 4. Hewix rririnosa, Pfr. H. testa perforata, depresse trochi- formi, tenui, radiato-striata, acute carinata, via nitidula, pal- lide cerea ; spira conoidea, apice hyalina, obtusiuscula ; sutura marginata ; anfractibus 63, convexiusculis arcte convolutis, su- perne carinis 3 filiformibus munitis, ultimo non descendente, basi convexiore, nitido ; apertura verticali, depressa, angulato- lunari ; peristomate recto, acuto, marginibus remotis, supero brevissimo, basali leviter arcuato, columellari declivi, superne dilatato, reflexo. Diam. maj. 52, min. 5, alt. 35 mill. Haéb. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites). 5. Hexrx pouitissma, Pfr. H. testa subaperte perforata, de- pressa, tenui, politissima, virenti-cornea vel castanea; spira via elevata, vertice subtili, obtuso; sutura profunda; anfrac- tibus 44, convexis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo rotundato, non descendente ; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; pert- stomate simplice, recto, marginibus convergentibus, dextro an- trorsum subarcuato, columellari arcuatim descendente, superne breviter reflexo. Diam. maj. 24, min. 20, alt. 11 mill. Had. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites). 6. Hexrx Tawairest, Pfr. H. testa aperte perforata, convexo- depressa, striatula, nitida, cereo-hyalina ; spira breviter conor- dea, obtusiuscula; sutura profunda, submarginata ; anfracti- bus 64, convexis, arcte convolutis, ultimo non descendente, basi inflato; apertura verticali, lunari; peristomate recto, acuto, margine columellari arcuatim oblique descendente, ad perfora- tionem vix dilatato. Diam. maj. 5, min. 43, alt. 3 mill. Hab. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites). 7. Hewrx susopaca, Pfr. H. testa semiobtecte perforata, co- noideo-depressa, solidula, supérne subarcuatim costulata, bast radiato-striata, subopaca, pallide rubello-cornea; spira breviter conoidea ; sutura simplice, impressa ; anfractibus 63, vix con- vexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, basi planiusculo ; apertura obliqua, lunari, intus margaritacea ; peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari declivi, subincrassato, ad perforationem tri- angulatim dilatato. Diam. maj. 17, min. 143, alt. 9 mill. Hab. in insula Ceylon (Thwaites). 8. Heurx partir, Pfr. (=H. marcida, Bens.? non Shuttl.) H. testa perforata, convexo-depressa, solidula, superne confertis- sime et inequaliter subarcuato-costulata, sericina, fulvo-cornea; spira magis minusve elevata, vertice subtili, prominulo ; sutura levi; anfractibus 53, convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ul- timo vix latiore, non descendente, basi leviusculo, subplanulato ; apertura parum obliqua, lunari; peristomate simplice, recto, 126 marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari declin, ad perfora- tionem subincrassato, reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 13, min. 113, alt. 7 mill. }. major, tenuior, pallide cornea. Diam. maj. 15, min. 13, alt. 72 mill. Hab. in insula Ceylon (Layard, 3. Thwaites). Differt ab H. subopaca sculptura subtiliore, minus regulari, an- fractu ultimo minus dilatato, &e. 9. Hexrx roveata, Pfr. H. testa sinistrorsa, subumbilicata, depressa, tenui, confertim subacute striata, et impressionibus radiantibus sculpta, nitida, superne cinnamomea ; spira bre- vissime conoidea, vertice castaneo, elevatiore ; anfractibus 5, sensim accrescentibus, convexiusculis, ultimo albo-carinato, infra carinam subacutam cingulo castaneo notato, basi inflato, circa umbilicum angustissimum pallidiore ; apertura obliqua, late lu- nari; peristomate simplice, recto, margine columellari superne in laminam triangularem reflexo. ; Diam. maj. 39, min. 32, alt. 17 mill. Hab. in India. 10. Hexix wacera, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, ovato-globosa, solida, vix striatula, fusca, epidermide lacera, flavo-cinerea, strigata ; spira semiglobosa, obtusa; sutura pallide filomargi- nata, superne plana, tandem profunda ; anfractibus 4}, superis vix convexiusculis, 2 ultimis rotundatis, ultimo antice subascen- dente; apertura obliqua, subtetragono-ovali, intus livida; peri- stomate breviter expanso et refleco, margine columellari sub- stricto, plano, dilatato, cum basali angulum formante. Diam. maj. 33, min. 274, alt. 30 mill. Hab. in insulis Philippinis. 11. Hexrx purpurascens, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, sub- trochiformi, solida, undique minute granulata, nitidula ; spira convexo-conoidea, fulva, apice obtusiuscula ; anfractibus 6, lente accrescentibus vix convexiusculis, ultimo convexiore, infra me- dium subecarinato et albido-cingulato, antice purpurascente, gibbo, breviter descendente, basi subplano; apertura perobliqua, triangulari-lunari, intus margaritacea ; peristomate fusco, re- flexo, marginibus callo crasso, nitido junctis, columellari sub- stricto. Diam. maj. 29, min. 25, alt. 152 mill. Hab. in Korea. 12. Hevix prasrans, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso- depressa, tenuiuscula, striatula, superne castanea, flammulis luteis ornata, basi lutea, irregulariter castaneo-fasciata et te- niata, epidermide parum nitida vestita; spira brevi, obtusa ; anfractibus 44, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, antice vix de- scendente ; apertura obliqua, rotuxdato-lunari, intus margari- tacea; peristomate livido, breviter expanso et reflecitusculo, mar- 127 ginibus vie conniventibus, callo junctis, columellari fornicatim dilatato. Diam. maj. 53, min. 42, alt. 26 mill. Hab. im provincia Ocana, Novee Granade (Schlim). 13. Hexix microsprra, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, depresso- globosa, solidula, levissime striatula, nitida, fulvido-flava, ple- rumque fasctis 3 nigris (1 suturali, 1 mediana, 1 columellari) ornata; spira parva, convexa, obtusa, alba vel lilacea ; sutura albo-marginata ; anfractibus 4, rapide accrescentibus, con- vexiusculis, ultimo perinflato, non descendente ; apertura dia- gonali, truncato-ovali, intus albida ; peristomate late expanso et reflexiusculo, albo, margine columellari plano, fere stricto, bast subdentato. Diam. maj. 44, min. 34, alt. 31 mill. Hab. in insulis Philippinis. 14. Hexix pirricruis, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso- depressa, tenui, minutissime striata, nitida, pallide fulvescente, ad suturam albam castaneo-fasciata; spira parvula, semiglo- bosa; anfractibus 4}, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, ad peri- pheriam et basin castaneo-fasciato, non descendente ; apertura Sere diagonali, tetragono-lunari, intus alba; peristomate sub- inerassato, breviter reflexco, margine columellari stricto, per- dilatato, plano, albo. Diam. maj. 42, min. 34, alt. 26 mill. Hab. in insulis Philippinis. — 15. Hevrx Cuarrentiert, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, discoidea, solidula, oblique costato-striata, parum nitida, virenti-cornea ; spira regulari, plana; anfractibus 53, lente accrescentibus, modice convexis, ultimo rotundato, antice profunde descendente ; umbilico lato, conico, subirregulari ; apertura fere horizontali, rotundato-lunari, intus albida, prorsus edentula; peristomate albo, undique late expanso et reflexo, marginibus convergentibus, infero ad insertionem attenuato. Diam. maj. 274, min. 22, alt. 9 mill. Hab. in insula Ceylon (F. Layard). 16. Hexix procera, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, am- bitu trregulari, subelliptica, solida, minute granulata, unicolore nigro-castanea ; spira brevi, obtusa; anfractibus 5, convexius- culis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo carinato, supra et infra carinam irregulariter anguloso, prope suturam tumido, basi constricto, in umbilico mediocri profunde sulcato, antice per- deflexo; apertura perobliqua, subtetragono-rotundata, dente libero acuto parietis aperturalis coarctata ; peristomate crasso, reflexzo, marginibus callo albo, sinuato junctis, supero arcuato, basali substricto, dente acuto, conico interposito. Diam. maj. 62, min. 49, alt. 27 mill. Hab. in provincia Antioquia, Columbize (Schlim). 128 17. Hewuix continua, Pfr. AH. testa wmbilicata, lenticulari, carinata, solidula, striata et subgranulata, fusca, maculis albi- dis superne conspersa; spira vix elata, vertice subtili, obtuso ; sutura fere lineari; anfractibus 5, planiusculis, ultimo acute carinato, antice inflato et deflexo, basi tumido, pone aperturam constricto, in umbilico mediocri leviter suleato; apertura per- obliqua, lunari, dente libero, compresso parietis aperturalis coarctata ; peristomate continuo, albo, calloso, expanso et re- flexo, margine basali levissime arcuato. Diam. maj. 41, min. 35, alt. 15 mill. Hab. in provincia Ocana, Columbize (Schlim). 18. Buxtimus victor, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, fusiformi- ovata, solidula, leviter striata, non nitente, fasciis flavido-albis, spadiceo tessellatis, fasciisque latioribus virenti-fuscis, albido- strigatis picta ; spira conica, apice obtusiuscula ; anfractibus 5, superis parum convexis, ultimo % longitudinis equante, con- vexiore basi attenuato ; columella leviter arcuata, alba; aper- tura obliqua, oblongo-ovali, intus margaritacea; peristomate rubro, incrassato, breviter refleco, marginibus callo saturate violaceo junctis. Long. 65, diam. 29 mill. Hab. in provincia Antioquia, Columbize (Schlim). 19. Sprraxis pARADOXA, Pfr. Sp. festa turrita, solida, distincte et confertim granulata, nigro-fusca; spira elongata, superne conum acutiusculum formante; anfractibus 8, convexis, supremis remote costatis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, infra me- dium angulato, levigato ; apertura parum obliqua, subrhombea, intus cerulescente ; columella callosa, alba, torta, basi subtrun- cata; peristomate recto, acuto. Long. 46, diam. 16 mill. Hab. in insula Kauai, Sandwich, rarissima (Mewcomb). 3. Descriptions or SEVENTY-NINE New Species or ACHATI- NELLA, SWAINS., A GENUS OF PuLMOoNIFEROUS MoLLusks, IN THE COLLECTION oF HuGcuH Cumine, Esa. By W. New- coms, M.D., Corr. Meme. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, Nar. Hist. Soc. MonTREAL. (Mollusca, Pl. XXII. XXIII. XXIV.) ACHATINELLA. It will be necessary to slightly change the definition of this genus, that several species clearly belonging under this head may not be excluded. It will be seen that several new typical species are herein described, one of which, 4. crassa, makes a near approach to Par- ‘ula; but an examination of the animal proves conclusively that it belongs to the genus Achatinella. Several species are subumbili- Te Moliusca. XL. 26, F Reeve mp. oe 129 cated, and a number have a subreflected lip. The whorls of several species are not smooth; the beautiful little group of 4. Cumingii, A. Pfeifferii and A. plicata, so far as discovered, form the striking exceptions. Several species are turreted, not conical. Farther re- search, however, is necessary before a complete and satisfactory ge- neric description can be given. The animal is provided with four tentacula, the superior ones clubbed at the end, elongated and ocu- lated, the inferior ones short and slightly clavate; surface of the body covered with numerous granulations more or less strongly deve- loped ; respiratory foramen, in dextral shells, upon the right side at the angle of the outer lip with the body whorl, in sinistral shells, in a corresponding position on the left side; the foot is long, narrow, and tapering behind. They are always viviparous, and may be di- vided into arboreal and terrestrial species. The latter are found among leaves and decayed wood, among the crevices of rocks and in moist places, crawling upon the ground ; the former are met with on the bodies, limbs and foliage of various trees: their most common resorts are on the Tutui, Ohia, and a few other species of forest trees, and on the Hau and Ti bushes. The natives have never fed upon the animal as far as I can learn by careful inquiry, although the experiment has been made with almost every marine animal inhabiting the waters of these seas. It is a prevalent belief among the Hawaians, that the arboreal species have the power of making a noise which they call singing ; hence the name of Pupu Kanioe, by which they are known. The following is said to be their vesper hymn: Kahuli aku Kahuli mai Kahuli lei ula Lei ako lea. A free translation of which may be given as follows : Turn away from my sight— Nay—but turn to me now, And a red wreath so bright, I will weave for thy brow. It scarcely is necessary to add, that the singing and the song are alike imaginary. 1. AcHatinELLA Gouxpit (PI. XXII. fig. 1). A. testa conico- ovata ; anfractibus 6, plano-convexis, ad longitudinem Striatis, supra marginatis ; sutura subdepressa ; apertura rotundata, ovata; columella subcallosa ; labro expanso et inferne subreflexo ; colore flavide albo, in anfractu 3tio lineis fuscis, forme ziczac asperso, anfr. 3 inferioribus lineamentis variis plus minusve numerosis cinctis ; apertura et labro flavescentibus. Long. 3; lat. 2 poll. Hab. Wailuku, Mani. No. CCLVI.—Procerepines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 130 Shell conically ovate ; whorls 6, flatly convex, margined above, but slightly ; sutures slightly marked; aperture ovate; columella lightly callous ; lip expanded and subreflected below ; colour yellowish white, with zigzag lines of brown on the third whorl, and brown lineations more or less numerous encircling the three lower whorls; aperture and lip yellowish. Found on Tutui trees. This rare and -beautiful species I take pleasure in dedicating to Dr. A. A. Gould of Boston, who is well known as one of the most efficient and accurate natural historians in the United States. 2. ACHATINELLA OvATA (Pl. XXII. fig. 2, 2a). A. testa dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, elongato-ovata; anfractibus 6, superne submargi- natis, rotundis; sutura moderate impressa; apertura subovata, margine nigro circumdata; columella brevi, valde plicata, con- torta; labro incrassato et subexpanso; teste colore niveo vel flavo- albido, cum vel sine vittis obsoletis subfuscis. Long. x3 lat. * poll. Hab. Kahana, Koolan, Oahu. Shell dextral or sinistral, elongately ovate ; whorls 6, slightly mar- gined above, rounded; suture moderately impressed ; aperture sub- ovate, entirely margined with black ; columella short, plicate, strong and twisted; lip thickened and slightly expanded; colour of shell pure white or yellowish white, with or without obsolete brownish bands above. A very beautiful species, distinguished by its glossy black lip con- trasting finely with the white of the shell. 3. ACHATINELLA RUFA (PI. XXII. fig. 3). A. testa conico- ovata, solida; anfractibus 6, plano-convevis, cum striis decussatis ; columella fortiter callosa; sutura simplici, subimpressa; um- bilico exiguo aperto; labro expanso, inferne subreflexo; colore fusco rubro, epidermide e fusco et albo mixta obtecto, albo in anfractibus mediis in lineis exiguis ad formam ziczac que in anfr. ultimo in uniusmodi umbre colorem fusco-cinereum eva- nescunt, disposito; anfractus ultimi dimidio inferiori zona lata alba cincto. Long. =; lat. “ poll. Hab. Molokai. Shell conically ovate, solid; 6 whorls, flatly convex, with decus- sating strie; columella strongly callous; suture plain, moderately impressed ; umbilicus small and open ; lip expanded, and subreflected below; ground colour brownish red, covered with an epidermis of a mottled brown and white, the latter arranged on the central whorls in fine zigzag markings, which are lost on the last whorl in a uni- form greyish umber. The inferior half of the last whorl (usually) encircled by a broad white band. This is a very rare species, the numbers found scarcely furnishing the materials for a description to fix or determine the permanent characters. 131 4. ACHATINELLA FULGENS. A. testa elongato-conica, polita, ful- gente ; anfractibus 6, plano-convewis ; sutura subimpressa ; aper- tura ovata; columella brevi, tuberculata ; labro simplici, interne costato ; colore teste superbe castaneo, cum fascia suturali lata, centrum anfr. ventral. transeunte ; apice et columella albis. Long. =; lat. = poll. Hab. Niu, Oahu. Shell elongately conic, polished, shining; whorls 6, flatly convex ; suture slightly impressed; aperture ovate; columella short, tuber- culated ; lip simple, ribbed within ; colour rich chestnut-brown, with a broad white sutural fascia cutting the centre of the last whorl; apex and columella white. Var. «. White, with broad chestnut bands. Var. 6. Chestnut-coloured above, yellowish below, with two black and one white band; the columella dark brown ; of large size, mea- suring 22ths by }9ths of an inch. This last variety may upon further examination prove to be a di- stinet species. The locality of this last is Makika Valley, “‘ Mauka roa,” or far back in the mountain range. An examination of the respective animals will resolve the doubt. 5. ACHATINELLA SPLENDIDA (Pl. XXII. fig. 4). A. testa sinis- trorsa vel dextrorsa, solida; striis delicate decussatis ; anfracti- bus 6, anfractu ultimo subinflato ; sutura modice depressa, mar- ginata; apertura ovata; labro expanso; columella brevi, lata et contorta ; anfractibus duobus superioribus albido et castaneo tes- sellatis, ceteris anfr. albis nitidis, lineis vittisque multis trans- versalibus, castaneis ornato ; linearum et vittarum margine supe- riort integro, inferiori irregulariter serrato. 1l 20 Long. 5;; lat. 5 poll. Hab. Wailuku, Mani, on Tutui trees. Shell sinistral or dextral, solid; whorls 6, with finely decussating striz ; body whorl somewhat inflated; suture moderately impressed, margined below; aperture ovate; lip expanded ; columella short, broad and twisted ; two upper whorls tessellated with chestnut and white, with numerous chestnut-coloured transverse lines and fillets on the other whorls, traced on a polished white ground; markings correctly lined superiorly, and irregularly serrated inferiorly. Var. a. Bright chestnut banded with white, not serrated. Var. 6. White, with numerous black transverse bands. 6. AcHATINELLA Reprievpi (Pl. XXII. fig. 5). A. testa elon- gato-conica, sinistrorsa; anfractibus 6, supra marginatis, ad longi- tudinem striatis; sutura bene impressa; apertura subovata ; colu- mella fusca, plano-contorta; labro subreflexo, columella concolore ; colore albido-flavo, infra in castaneum fuscum transeunte, sim- plici, vel fasciis fuscis, obscure undulatis, in tertio solum anfractu varie striato ; fascia alba suturas permeante. Long. a ; lat. 2 poll. Hab. Molokai and E. Mani. 132 Shell conically elongate, sinistral; whorls 6, margined above, striated longitudinally ; suture well impressed; aperture subovate ; columella brown, flat and twisted ; lip subreflected, of the colour of the columella; colour of shell light fawn passing into deep chestnut, paler above, plain or variously marked with brown bands, and obscure undulations on the third whorl only: a white band traverses the su- tures. This species belongs to the native group of ‘‘ Pupu Caniohi,” or singing snails, and it is with pleasure that we dedicate it to J. H. Redfield, Esq., of New York. It is not an abundant species. Found on Tutui, Ohia and Ti trees. 7. ACHATINELLA Nrivosa (Pl. XXII. fig. 6). A. testa deztrorsa, conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ; apertura sub- ovata ; columella brevi, infra in plicam fleruosam contorta; labro simplici ; apice obtuso; colore supra subfusco, infra albo, striis interruptis, longitudinalibus, viridibus vel subfuscis pulchre ornato, cum vel sine vittis nonnullis transversis, rubris vel fuscis ; colu- mella rosea vel albida. Long. =; lat. -. poll. Hab. Niu, Oahu. Shell dextral, conical; whorls 6, rounded, margined above; su- ture moderate; aperture subovate; columella short, twisted into a flexuous plait inferiorly ; lip simple; apex of shell obtuse ; colour above brownish, below pure white, ornamented with beautiful lon- gitudinal green or brownish interrupted stripes, with or without one om more pink-coloured or brown transverse bands; columella pink or white. z This beautiful species belongs to the same group with A. abbreviata and 4. bacca. 8. ACHATINELLA MELANOSTOMA (Pl. XXII. fig. 7). A. testa dextrorsa, solida, polita, conica; anfractibus 6, plano-conveais, supra submarginatis ; sutura moderate impressa, nigro-vittata ; apertura subovata; labro nigro, interne incrassato; columella brevi, ferruginea, abrupte in plicam vel tuberositatem fortem ter- minante ; colore flavo vel umbroso, cum vel sine lineis transversis Suscis. Long. =; lat. 3 poll. Hab. Ewa, Oahu. Shell dextral, polished, solid, conical; whorls 6, plano-convex, slightly margined above; suture moderate, accompanied by a black revolving band; aperture subovate; lip black, thickened within ; columella short, brownish red, terminating abruptly in a strong plait or tuberosity ; colour yellowish or umber, with or without transverse brown lines. 9. ACHATINELLA CEstus (Pl. XXII. fig. 8). A. testa solida, ventricosa, sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa, apice acuminato ; anfracti- bus 6, rotundis, superne marginatis, penultimo tumido; apertura 133 subovata; columella brevi, valde tuberculata ; labro subexpanso, interne incrassato ; colore apicis nigro, anfr. secundi et tertii al- bido, 3 reliquorum albo, subflavo, nigro vel diverso, cum cingulo albo, suturas transeunte et anfr. ventralem infra centrum se- cante, cum vel sine fascia latiori subjacente ; interdum maculis vel tesseris albis et nigris aut lineis undulantibus, longitudinalibus eorundem colorum; columella castanea; labro castaneo, albo in- sperso. Long. a3 lat. = poll. Hab. Palolo, Oahu. Shell solid, ventricose, sinistral or dextral, pointed at the summit ; whorls 6, rounded, corded above, last one tumid ; aperture subovate ; columella short, strongly tuberculate ; lip slightly expanded, thick- ened within ; colour of tip black, second and third whorls white, three last white, yellowish, or black or mixed, with a white cincture tra- versing the sutures and cutting the body whorl below the centre, with or without a broader band below, sometimes with blotches or tessellations of black and white or longitudinal undulating lines of the same colours ; columella chestnut; lip same colour, interrupted with white. A fine shell, approaching A. similans of Reeve, which it resembles in form, but from which it differs strikingly in its markings. 10. AcuatrneLia Swirti (Pl. XXII. fig. 9, 9a). A. testa ventricosa, apice acuminato, polita, nitente ; anfractibus 6, su- perne subrotundis, ultimo valde inflato, superne conspicue margi- nato; labro purpureo-roseo, crasso et subinflato ; apertura ovata ; columella brevi, in tuberculum purpureo-roseum terminante ; anfr. 3 primis albis, inferioribus cum lineis numerosis longitu- dinalibus delicatissimis nigris et albis signatis, teste colorem cinereum impertientibus ; lineis exiguis albidis obsoletis trans- verse testam transeuntibus ; anfr. 2 ultimis linea suturali alba signatis. Long. x3 lat. a poll. Hab. District of Ewa. Shell ventricose, pointed at the apex, smooth, polished, shining ; whorls 6, slightly rounded above, the last strongly inflated, distinctly margined above; lip purplish rose, thick and slightly subreflected ; aperture ovate ; columella short, terminating in a tubercle of the colour of the lip; three first whorls white, the lower with very fine and numerous markings of black and white arranged longitudinally to the shell, giving it a greyish aspect: fine obsolete white lines tra- verse the shell transversely, and a white sutural line is traced on the last two whorls. Var. a. With a broad fascia cutting the body whorl. Var. 8. Yellowish ground colour, with few markings. This species approaches 4. turgida, but is distinct in appearance, locality and habits. 134 11. ACHATINELLA TURGIDA (Pl. XXII. fig. 10, 10a). A. testa ventricosa, apice acuminato, sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa, levi, po- lita; anfr. 4 graduatim, 2 ultimis rapide increscentibus ; sutura subimpressa, infra depressione lineari; apertura subovata ; colu- mella brevi, in tuberculum conicum, in aperturam projicientem ter- minante ; labro exteriori simplici, interne incrassato, sicut tuber- culo subroseo vel fusco tincto’; faucibus albis ; colore variante, albo, flavo vel nigro, lineis ziczac longitudinalibus, vittis trans- versis vel maculis ornato. 11 Long. a3 lat. 5 poll. Hab. Ewa, Oahu. Shell ventricose, pointed at the apex, sinistral or dextral, smooth, polished, gradually enlarging for four turns and then very rapidly, the last two forming most of the shell; suture slightly impressed, beneath which revolves a linear depression ; aperture subovate ; colu- mella short, terminating in a strong conical tubercle projecting into the aperture; outer lip simple, thickened within, slightly tinged with pink or brown ; tubercle the same ; fauces white ; colouring extremely various, ground white, yellow or black, with (or without) longitudinal zigzag lines, transverse bands or blotches covering the surface. Approaches the A. ¢ristis of Férussae found at Waianoe. 12. ACHATINELLA CYLINDRICA (Pl. XXII. fig. 11). A. testa dextrorsa, elongato-cylindrica, pyramidis instar ad apicem decur- rente ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; colu- mella in dentem flecuosum terminante ; teste superficie ad longi- tudinem fortiter striata, subfusca, vittis numerosis fuscis, angustis circumdata. 6 Long. a3 lat. = poll. Hab. Waianoe, Oahu. Shell dextral, elongately cylindrical, tapering to a point at the summit ; whorls 7, slightly rounded ; suture moderate ; aperture ob- long-ovate ; columella terminating in a flexuous tooth; surface of shell longitudinally strongly striate, of a light horn colour, encircled by numerous narrow brown bands. This species, with the following, are found, like their nearest ana- logues, on the ground ; viz. 4. porphyrea and spirizona, which latter species, by almost insensible gradations, passes into the A. turritella, a shell apparently of quite a different type. 13. AcHaTINELLA casta (Pl. XXII. fig. 12). A. testa conico- elongata, solida, polita, nitida, dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa; anfracti- bus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ; apertura subovata, breviuscula ; labro simplici, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, cum dente for- titer plicato; colore albido vel luteo, vittis transversis variis ni- gris, fuscis, roseis vel albidis diverse dispositis. Long. =; lat. ee poll. Hab. Ewa, Oahu. 135 Shell conically elongate, solid, polished, shining, dextral or sinis- tral; whorls 6, rounded, margined above ; aperture subovate, rather small; lip simple, thickened within ; columella short, with a strong plaited brownish tooth; colour white or yellow, with extremely va- riable transverse bands of black, brown, pink or white, variously arranged. This species is readily distinguished from any yet described. Its northern limit is the valley below Mouna Rua, and half a dozen ra- vines, south, in the district of Ewa. 14, ACHATINELLA INTERMEDIA (Pl. XXII. fig. 13). A. testa dextrorsa, subcylindrica; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura pro- funda ; apertura parva, subovata ; columella plica flexuosa exigua ornata ; labro acuto; striis longitudinalibus, numerosis, bene ex- pressis, colore uniusmodi betico, versus suturas pallescente, in- terne subceruleo vel cinereo ; columella ceruleo-albida. Long. x3 lat. rm poll. Hab. Waianoe, Oahu. Shell dextral, subcylindrical; whorls 7, rounded; suture rather deep ; aperture small, subovate’; columella with a small flexuous plait; lip acute; strie numerous, well-developed, and longitudinal to the shell; colour uniform dark brown, usually lighter at the su- tures, interiorly of a bluish white or slate colour; columella bluish white. This shell is intermediate between 4. cylindrica and the more cy- lindrical forms of 4. spirizona. 15. ACHATINELLA vioLacea (Pl. XXII. fig. 14). A. testa dex- trorsa, ovato-oblonga, solida; anfractibus conveais, ad longitudi- nem fortiter striatis ; sutura simplici et valde depressa ; apertura ovata; columella brevi, in plicam albam, contortam desinente ; labio simplici ; colore passim violaceo. - Long. =; lat. 5 poll. Hab. Molokai. Shell dextral, ovately-oblong, solid; suture plain and deeply im- pressed; aperture ovate; columella short, terminating in a white twisted plait. lip simple; colour violaceous suffused with white. 16. ACHATINELLA SANGUINEA (PI.XXII. fig. 15). 4. testa acu- minato-oblonga ; anfractibus 7, infra convexis, supra plano-con- vexis; sutura distincte expressa; apertura subovata; columella dente plicato, contorto ornata; labro simplici ; colore teste roseo in sanguineum transeunte, lineationibus nigris, catenationes et signa ziczac in anfr. 3 inferioribus formantibus, dense obtecto ; testa superne epidermide denudata ; apice mammillato nigro. Long. a3 lat. = poll. Hab. Lehui, Oahu. Shell acuminately oblong; whorls 7, convex below, plano-convex above ; suture distinctly marked ; aperture subovate ; columella 136 armed with a twisted plicate tooth ; lip simple; colour of shell from roseate to sanguineous, thickly covered with black lineations, form- ing chain-work and zigzag markings on the three lower whorls; de- nuded of epidermis above ; apex mammillate and black. 17, ACHATINELLA porPHyREA (PI. XXII. fig. 16). 4. testa so- lidiuscula, acuminato-conica ; anfractibus 7, superne subcarinatis, non marginatis, plano-convexis ; sutura valde impressa ; apertura subovata, infra contracta; labro tenui; columella brevi, in pli- cam contortam terminante ; epidermide tenui et nigra; striis lon- gitudinalibus, fortibus ; colore sub epidermide plumbeo, lineis nu- merosis fuscis, transversis testam circumambientibus. Long. x3 lat. x poll. Hab. Waianoe, Oahu. Shell rather solid, acuminately conical; whorls 7, subcarinated above, plano-convex ; suture deeply impressed ; aperture subovate, contracted below ; lip thin; columella short, terminating in a twisted plait ;_ epidermis thin and black ; strize longitudinal and strong ; colour beneath epidermis of a leaden hue, with numerous transverse brown lines encircling the shell. This species belongs to the same group with 4. spirizona, Fér., A. cylindrica and A. intermedia, Nob., but which are quite distinct in specific characters. They are all terrestrial, not arboreal spe- cies. 18. ACHATINELLA GIGANTEA (Pl. XXII. fig. 17). A. testa dex- trorsa, elongato-ovata, apice acuminato ; anfractibus 7, fortiter striatis, anfractu ultimo superne, penultimo inferne subcarinato ; apertura ovali ; columella subarcuata, interne in levem callum ter- minante, externe continuata, cum labro externo juncta ; labro in- terno callo crasso, striato; labro externo plano; sutura pro- Sunda ; striis longitudinalibus ; colore externe subplumbeo et in- terne sublilaceo. Long. 13; lat. 5 poll. Hab. Hale a Ka la, Mani. Shell dextral, elongate-ovate, apex pointed; whorls 7, strongly striate, slightly carinated superiorly on the last whorl, inferiorly on the penultimate ; columella slightly arched, terminating internally in a slight callosity, externally continued to unite with the outer lip ; columellar lip with a strong deposit spread over its surface; outer lip simple ; suture deep ; striz longitudinal ; colour light plumbeous externally, internally pale lilac. This species, the largest yet described, belongs to the same group with 4. violacea, from Molokai, and A. Baldwinii, from Ranai, all of which are described in this communication. 19. ACHATINELLA suBVIRENS (Pl. XXII. fig. 18). A. testa co- nico-ovata ; anfractibus 6, rotundis et superne marginatis ; sutura distincta, albida ; apertura ovata, infra expansa; labro incras-. 137 sato; columella brevi, plana et oblique truncata; colore epider- midis subvirente, colore pallidiore ad longitudinem intersperso, columella, labri et aperture albo. Long. >; lat. £ poll. Hab. Niu, Oahu. Shell conically ovate; whorls 6, rounded and margined above ; suture distinct and lined with white; aperture ovate, expanding be- low ; lip thickened; columella short, flat and obliquely truncated ; colour of epidermis light green, interspersed with a lighter shade arranged longitudinally ; columella, lip and aperture white. Var. a. Pure white. Var. 8. Brown or chestnut replacing the green colour. Through var. a this species approaches a variety of 4. rutila, and through var. 6, 4. decipiens. It is readily distinguished from the first by its smaller size, greater solidity, stronger strize and more elongate form ; from the latter by its less acuminate form, white su- ture, less solidity, and their widely-separated localities. 20. ACHATINELLA AMPLA (PI. XXII. fig. 19). A. testa deztrorsa, conico-ovata, polita; anfractibus 5, rotundis; sutura simplici, vitta nigra fasciolata; apertura magna, albida; labro externo simplici, acuto, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, alba vel ro- sea; epidermide supra subviridi vel olivacea, in anfractu ultimo subfusca. Long. ani lat. > poll. Hab. Kolau, Oahu. Shell dextral, conically ovate, polished ; whorls 5, rounded ; su- ture simple, banded with a black stripe ; aperture large and white ; outer lip simple, acute, thickened within ; columella short, white or roseate, terminating in a twisted plait; apex obtuse, roseate; epi- dermis light green or olive above, of a deeper colour on the last whorl. 21. AcnatTineLLa Apamstt (PI. XXII. fig. 20). A. testa dew- trorsa, conico-acuminata; anfractibus 6, cum striis transversalibus exiguis, longitudinalibus fortibus ; sutura valde depressa ; labro expanso ; columella in plicam solidam, abrupte tortam desinente ; teste lamina interna coloris plumbei, externa obscuri castanet, irregulariter albido punctata et striata. Long. 3 lat. s poll. Hab. E. Mani, at the root of ferns. Shell dextral, conically acuminate, whorls 6, finely striated trans- versely, roughly striated longitudinally ; suture deeply impressed ; lip expanded ; columella terminating in a strong abruptly twisted plait ; interior of shell of a leaden blue colour, exterior dark chestnut, irre- gularly mottled and striped with white. This species makes the nearest approach in form to A. perdix of Reeve, an immature specimen of which is figured in his Monograph, fig. 43. The locality of this latter species is the almost inaccessible 138 ravines of the mountainous districts around Lahania, W. Mani. The A. perdiz is arboreal, and the 4. Adamsii terrestrial in its habits. The species is dedicated to Professor C. B. Adams, of Amherst College, Mass. 22. ACHATINELLA RUTILA (Pl. XXII. fig. 21). A. testa ovata, conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, ultimo superne marginato ; sutura bene impressa; apertura subquadrata ; labro expanso, subreflexo, interne valde incrassato; columella brevi, in plicam robustam, contortam terminante ; colore substramineo pallido, olivaceo vel Susco ; labro albo vel subroseo. Long. pe lat. 2 poll. Hab. Niu, Oahu. Shell ovately conic ; whorls 6, rounded, the last margined above ; suture well-marked; aperture subquadrate; lip expanded, subre- flected, strongly thickened within ; columella short, terminating in a strong twisted plait ; colour a light straw, olive or brown. 23. ACHATINELLA RUGOSA (Pl. XXII. fig. 22, 22a). A. testa dex- trorsa, conica, fulgente; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ; sutura bene impressa; labro expanso, versus marginem ferrugineo et incrassato ; columella albida, brevi, plicata, callo forti supra umbilicum eapanso ; apertura subrhomboidali ; striis numerosis lon- gitudinalibus et in anfractu ultimo rugosis ; colore epidermidis pra- sino interdum umbrosi instar pallidi vel fusci, coloribus simul cum striis alternantibus cum vel sine vittis transversis subviridibus. Long. a lat. - poll. Hab. Ewa, Oahu. Shell dextral, conical, glossy ; whorls 6, rounded, margined above ; suture well-impressed ; lip expanded, of a reddish brown at the mar- gin, thickened near the edge; columella white, short, twisted, and with a strong callus spread over the umbilicus; aperture subrhom- boidal ; strize longitudinal, numerous, and on the last whorl rugose ; colour of epidermis of a deep green, a light or dark umber, some- times alternating and arranged with the strize, with or without pale green transverse lines. 24. ACHATINELLA MULTILINEATA (Pl. XXII. fig. 23). A. testa dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, solida, conico-elongata; anfractibus 6, ro- tundis, supra marginatis ; labro infra eapanso et subreflexo, supra acuto et interne adaucto ; columella brevi robusta, subplicata cum callo umbilicum obtegente et pane claudente ; apertura oblongo- ovata ; colore columella, labri et suture albo, interdum flavido in- terstincto; testa alba, cum vel sine Fasciis et lineis numerosis trans- versis, ferrugineis. Long. s; lat. x poll. Hab. Kolau poco, Oahu. Shell dextral or sinistral, solid, elongately conical, whorls 6, rounded, margined above ; lip expanded below and slightly subre- if i) ay # dK ER eat Proc. 4.5. Moltusca, Xue George Sowerby, hth 139 flected, above acute and thickened within; columella short, stout, slightly twisted, with a callus spread over and nearly closing the um- bilicus; aperture oblong-ovate ; colour of columella, lip and suture white, sometimes tinged with yellow; shell white, with or without numerous transverse lines of a brown or black colour. , This species makes a near approach to 4. mustelina of Mighels, but is more elongate in form, with the lineations much stronger, and never passes into the variety of mustelina with the depressed spire and obese body whorl. The locality is also different, which is always worthy of particular remark in examining the shells of this genus. 25. ACHATINELLA GuaBRa (Pl. XXII. fig. 25). A. testa conico- ovata, fulgente ; anfractibus 6, interdum inflatis, supra margina- tis; sutura bene expressa; apertura ovata; labro subreflexo, e nigro fusco margine nigro, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, robusta, expansa, in plicam contortam desinente ; colore argillaceo-ceruleo vel plumbeo, pallidiore in anfractuum parte superiore, interdum Sasciis transversis albidis vel castaneis. Long. Z; lat. uz poll. Hab. Kolau poko. Shell conically ovate, glossy ; whorls 6, somewhat inflated, mar- gined above; suture well-marked ; aperture ovate; lip slightly sub- reflected, dark brown edged with black, thickened within ; columella short, robust, expanded, and terminating in a twisted plait ; colour bluish slate, much lighter on the upper portion of the whorls ; some- times transversely banded with white or chestnut. 26. ACHATINELLA TESSELLATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 26). A. testa sinistrorsa, oblongo-ovata, solida; anfractibus 6, convexis, ultimo paulum inflato, superficie minutissime decussata ; colore albido- flavescente, vittis transversis nigris vel castaneis diverse striato, aut non; anfractibus superioribus semper nigro et albido tessella- tis ; apertura alba vel rosea, ovata, infra effusa ; columella brevi et late callosa. Long. =; lat. >, poll. Hab. Molokai. Shell sinistral, oblong-ovate, solid; whorls 6, convex, the last some- what inflated ; white or fawn-coloured ground, very finely shagreened, plain, or variously striped with transverse black or chestnut bands ; the upper whorls always tessellated black and white ; aperture white or roseate, ovate, effuse below; columella short and broadly callous ; lip expanded, thickened within and semireflected; animal light grey, tentacles black, mantle slate-colour. Found at Kalai on Tutui trees, and on the broad leaf of the Ti. Has some resemblance to virgulata, Mighels, but the tessellated top at once distinguishes it. 27. ACHATINELLA SorDIDA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 27). A. testa elon- gato-conica, solida ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis, supra marginatis ; apertura parva, leviter contracta; labro infra subreflexo, supra acuto ; interne incrassato ; columella brevi, subplicata, cum callo 140 expanso, umbilicum parvum, parum profundum partim obtegente ; colore variabili, albido, striis vel vittis fuscis et nigris transversis diverse lineato. Long. a3 lat. 2 poll. Hab. Lettui, Oahu. Shell elongately conical, solid; whorls 7, slightly rounded, mar- gined above ; aperture small, somewhat contracted ; lip subreflected below, acute above, thickened within; columella short, slightly twisted, with an expanded callus partially covering a shallow small umbilicus; colour variable; ground white variously banded and striped trans- versely with brown or black. This species, like the 4. multilineata, is drawn from the group of A. mustelina, the variations in character, with different localities and a peculiarity of habits in each, demanding their separation. 28. ACHATINELLA rumosa (Pl. XXIII. fig. 28). A. testa cylin- drica, ovata, perobscure cornea, tenui, nitente; anfractibus 7, plano-conveais ; sutura subimpressa ; striis longitudinalibus, bene eapressis, numerosis ; apertura ovata; labro simplici, albido-fim- briato ; columella brevi cum dente lamellari albo, vitta fusco-nigra cum altera rubicunda subjacente anfractus infra suturas permeante. Long. =; lat. = poll. Hab. Manoa, Oahu. Shell cylindrically ovate, very dark, corneous, thin, shining; whorls 7, plano-convex ; suture slightly impressed ; striz numerous, longi- tudinal, and strongly developed ; aperture ovate; lip simple, edged with white’; columella short, with a lamelliform white tooth. A dark brown band, accompanied by an obsolete reddish one below, traverses the whorls beneath the suture. 29. ACHATINELLA LINEOLATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 29). A. testa elon- gata, turriformi ; anfractibus 6, ventricosis, nitidis ; sutura sim- plici ; apertura ovata; columella dente obliquo, plicato munita; co- lore epidermidis luteolo, in anfr. ultimo lineis ziczac brevibus coloris umbrosi ad longitudinem dense signato. Long. a3 lat. & poll. Hab. Hawaii. Shell elongate, turreted; whorls 6, rounded, polished, shining ; suture simple; aperture ovate; columella with an oblique plaited tooth ; colour of epidermis yellowish ; on the last whorl thickly lined longitudinally with umber-coloured markings. The large island of Hawaii has yielded to our explorations but three species, all of which are herein described. 30. ACHATINELLA NiTIDA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 30). A. testa tenui, levi, subcornea, nitida, pellucida, ovato-conica; anfractibus 6, ven- tricosis, supra marginatis ; apertura ovata ; labro subcrasso ; colu- mella in pliculam obliquam, contortam, albidam desinente. Long. =; lat. = poll. Hab. EB. Mani. 141 Shell light corneous, shining, pellucid, conical, thin ; whorls 6, rounded ; aperture oyate; lip slightly thickened; columella termi- nating in a twisted oblique white plait. 31. ACHATINELLA CRASSILABRUM (Pl. XXIII. fig. 31). A. testa dextrorsa, conico-ovata, apice acuminato, infra ventricosa, soli- diori ; anfractibus 6, rotundis ; apertura ovata ; labro intus valde incrassato; columella brevi, in plicam brevem, obliquam termi- nante ; striis longitudinalibus fortibus ; superficie anfractus ultimi sepe cicatricibus notata ; colore anfractus ultimi subflavo-albido, anfractuum reliquorum fusco vel nigro. Long. 3 lat. S. poll. Hab. Waianoe, Oahu. Shell conically ovate, pointed at the apex, ventricose below, rather solid; whorls 6, rounded; aperture ovate ; lip very much thickened” within ; columella short, terminating in a strong oblique plait ; Jon- gitudinal strie strong, surface of the last whorl often marked with cicatrices ; body whorl yellowish white, other whorls dark brown or black. 32. ACHATINELLA CORNEA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 32). 4. testa in- equali, acuta, conica, apice acuminato, tenui, corneo ; striis longi- tudinalibus minutis ; anfractibus 7, rotundis, ultimo inflato ; aper- tura subovata; labro tenui, translucido; columella recta, alba et dente plicato, transverso munita ; colore teste ubique fusco-corneo, columelle et dentis albido. 10 Long. ;;; lat. poll. Hab. 4 Shell irregularly acutely conical; the apex pointed ; last whorl in- flated; thin, corneous, with minute longitudinal striz; whorls 7, rounded; aperture subovate ; lip thin, translucent; columella straight, white and armed with a transverse plaited tooth; colour uniform dark horn; columella and tooth white. 33. AcHATINELLA LABIATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 33). A. testa elon- gato-conica ; anfractibus 7, fere planis, supra paullo marginatis ; sutura modice impressa; apertura elongato-ovata; labro incrassato, albido, cum callo interno centrali; columella brevi, dente proji- ciente, valde plicato munita; colore externe corneo-pallido. Long. x3 lat. 4 poll. Hab. Lehui, Oahu. Shell elongately conical; whorls 7, flattened, slightly margined above ; aperture elongately ovate ; lip thickened, white, with a cen- tral internal callus; columella short, with a strong plaited projecting tooth ; colour of epidermis light corneous. Var. a. With the lower third of the last whorl dark brown. This species forms a new type of the genus; characterized by the white auricular-formed aperture. It is terrestrial, and not arboreal in its habits. 142 34, AcHATINELLA vITREA (PI. XXIII. fig. 34). A. testa conico- ovata, tenui, nitida, pellucida; anfractibus 7, rotundis, supra, prope suturam, obscure marginatis; striis fortibus prope suturam, distinctis in testa; apertura elongata, subovata; labro simplici, interne subincrassato, infra contracto ; columella brevissima, in plicam contortam terminante ; colore corneo, speciem luteam vel roseam accipiente ; sutura vitta lata, nigra signata. Long. ao lat. s poll. Hab. Manoa, Oahu. Shell conically ovate, thin, shining, diaphanous ; whorls 7, rounded, indistinctly margined above, very near the suture ; striz strong near the suture, distinct over the shell; aperture elongately subovate ; lip simple, slightly thickened within, contracted below; columella very short, terminating in a twisted plait; colour corneous, with a yellowish or pinkish tinge ; suture marked by a broad black band. This is an extremely beautiful species. Its locality is near the sum- mit of the mountain ridge dividing Manoa from Palolo valley. 35. ACHATINELLA AFFINIS (Pl. XXIII. fig. 35). A. testa acute conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, non marginatis ; sutura bene im- pressa ; apertura ovata ; labro tenui; columella dente lamellari, albo, plicato munita ; colore albo, roseo vel rubro-flavo cum vestigiis epidermidis fusco-nigre ; anfractu ultimo superioribus pallidiore. Long. =3 lat. 4 poll. Hab. Kula, E. Mani. Shell acutely conical; whorls 6, rounded, not margined; suture well- impressed ; aperture ovate ; lip thin; columella with a white lamellar twisted tooth ; colour white, roseate or salmon, with traces of a dark brown epidermis ; last whorl lighter-coloured than the upper ones. This species belongs to a group of which the following are asso- ciated, viz. 4. modesta, Adams, from Molokai, 4. mucronata, A. pu- poidea, A. Mastersi, A. assimilis and A. flavida. To the same group may be referred 4. rubens, Gould, A. decepta, Adams, and 4. nubi- losa, Mighels. 36. ACHATINELLA acuTa (Pl. XXIII. fig. 36). A. testa acute tur- riformi, sinistrorsa ; anfractibus 7, ventricosis ; sutura profunda; columella plicata; apertura ovata; labro simplici; striis numerosis longitudinalibus et bene notatis; colore epidermidis fusco. Long. a lat. 8 poll. Hab. Lehui, Oahu. Shell acutely turreted, sinistral ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture deep ; strie numerous, longitudinal and well-defined; aperture ovate ; lip simple ; columella plicate ; colour of epidermis brown. But a solitary specimen of this shell has been found; but its cha- racters are clearly marked, and no described species resembles it in form. 37. ACHATINELLA PoLiTA (Pl. XXIII. fig.37). A. testa detrorsa, nitida ; anfractibus 5, convexis, supra marginatis ; sutura bene 143 definita ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella fortiter tuberculata, extremitate purpurea ; labro simplici ; colore luteo ; apertura in- terne alba vel nigro-purpurea; anfr. superioribus partim notis coloris umbrosi obscure signatis ; sutura cum vel sine vitta nigra. Long. x3 lat. 2 poll. Hab. Molokai. Shell dextral, polished ; whorls 5, convex, margined above ; suture well-defined ; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella strongly tuberculate, with purple tip ; lip simple; colour yellow, upper whorls tinged with umber ; sutures with or without a black band ; aperture within white or dark purple. This species shows two varieties with and without the sutural band. The aperture of the first is purple within, of the second a pure white. 38. ACHATINELLA soror (PI. XXIII. fig. 38). A. testa sini- strorsa, conica, turritiformi ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura valde impressa; apertura subovata, parva; labro simplici; columella bre- vissima, in dentem contortum, plicatum terminante ; epidermide tenui, supra fusco-cornea et infra pallido-cornea. Long. 3 lat. 2 poll. Hab. Mani. Shell sinistral, conically turreted ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture deeply impressed ; aperture subovate, small; lip simple ; columella very short, terminating in a twisted plicate tooth ; epidermis thin, dark corneous above and light corneous below. Var. a. Last whorl white, shell solid. Length 2; breadth = inch. 20? Var. 3. Shell thin, dark corneous, polished. Length “; breadth = inch. 203 This species is the complete analogue of A. acuta found in Oahu ; it has a more ventricose aspect, and the striae are more developed in the A. acuta. 39. AcHATINELLA oBeEsa (Pl. XXIII. fig. 39, 39a). A. testa depressa, conica, solida, inflata ; anfractibus 5, ventricosis, striatis ; sutura bene definita ; apice acuto ; apertura ovata ; columella plica forti, alba munita; labro intus incrassato; epidermide coloris um- brosi; apertura alba. ’ Long. = lat. S poll. Hab. Hale a ka la, Mani. Shell depressed, conical, solid, inflated ; whorls 5, rounded, striate ; suture well-marked; apex acute; aperture ovate ; columella with a strong white plait; lip thickened within ; colour of epidermis dark umber ; aperture white. Var. agglutinans. Shell somewhat carinated on the last two whorls, with the keel ex- tended by agglutinations, giving it a pagoda-like form. 144 This is the most depressed of the genus, but distinctly preserves the generic characters, and in the variety exhibits a habit in land shells, found, perhaps, only in Helicina agglutinans of Sowerby. 40. ACHATINELLA TEREBRA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 40). A. testa tur- rita; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis, ultimo subinflato ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura elongato-ovata ; labro subreflexo, interne adaucto; columella brevi, in plicam prominentem, contortam terminante ; striis decussantibus ; colore melleo cum signis undu- lantibus fuscis, pene obsoletis in anfr. superioribus ; labro, aper- tura et columella niveis. Long. x; lat. 5 poll. Hab. W. Mani. Shell turreted; whorls 6, rounded, last one inflated, margined above; suture well-impressed ; aperture elongate-ovate ; lip slightly reflected, thickened within ; columella short, terminating in a prominent twisted plait ; striee decussating ; colour light yellow, with wave-like brown- coloured markings, nearly obsolete on the upper whorls; lip, colu- mella and aperture white. 41, ACHATINELLA MELANOsIs (Pl. XXIII. fig. 41). A. testa dex- trorsa, tenui, depressa, conica; apice acuto; anfractibus 5, rotundis, ultimo inflato ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura subrotunda ; labro simplici, tenui ; columella recta, alba et in plicam valde obliquam terminante ; colore nigro. 5 Long. =; lat. = poll. Hab. Hawaii. Shell dextral, thin, conically depressed; apex acute; whorls 5, rounded, the last inflated; suture well-impressed; aperture subrotund ; lip simple, thin ; columella straight, white, and terminating in a very oblique plait ; colour black. 42. ACHATINELLA PupoIDEA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 42). A. testa dex- trorsa, elongata ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura profunda ; aper- tura parva, subovata; labro simplici; columella brevi, subden- tata ; epidermide tenui, pallide fusca; colore anfr. ventral. albo, trium superiorum subroseo et reliquorum plumbeo : linee fusce zic- zac interdum reperiuntur in partibus superioribus anfractuum in- Seriorum. Long. ==; lat. 5 poll. Hab. EK. Mani. Shell dextral, cylindrically elongate; whorls 7, rounded; suture deep; aperture small, subovate; lip simple; columella short, lightly toothed; epidermis thin, of a light brown, beneath which the body whorl is white, the three above pinkish, and the others leaden: brown zigzag undulations are sometimes found on the upper portions of the lower whorls. 43. ACHATINELLA CuRTA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 43). A. testa conica, sinistra, polita; anfractibus 5, rotundis, supra marginatis, ulti- 145 mis valde ventricosis; apertura ovata; labro simplici, interne leviter incrassato ; columella brevi, in callum abrupte terminante ; sutura leviter impressa; coloré luteo vel castaneo, unicolori vel cum fascia suturali nigra, rare duabus vel pluribus anfr. 2 ulti- mis impositis ; columella albida vel subfusca. Long. ~; lat. 5 poll. 20? 20 Hab. Waialua, Oahu. Shell conical, sinistral, polished; whorls 5, rounded, margined above, the last very ventricose ; aperture ovate; lip simple, slightly thickened within ; columella short, with an abrupt callous termina- tion ; suture but slightly impressed ; colour yellow or chestnut, plain or with a black sutural band, rarely with two or more on the last two whorls ; columella white or light brown. The rounded whorls and obese appearance of this shell are strikingly characteristic. It is a rare species and extremely limited in its range. 44, AcHATINELLA Fusca (Pl. XXIII. fig. 44). A. testa tenui, cylindrico-elongata; anfractibus 5, fere planis; sutura lineart, sub- impressa ; apertura ovata; striis longitudinalibus bene expressis ; colore fusco; sutura infra marginem inferiorem fasciola coloris cornet circumeincta; anfr. ultimi dimidio inferiori corneo. Long. a5 lat. a poll. Hab. Manoa, Oahu. Shell thin, cylindrically elongate; whorls 5, nearly flat ; suture linear, slightly impressed ; aperture ovate ; lip acute ; columella den- tated within ; longitudinal striz strongly developed ; colour brown, with a narrow horn-coloured band revolving below each suture ; lower half of the last whorl horn-coloured. This small species is not arboreal in its habits, and is found among the decaying leaves of the Tutui, near the base of the mountain at the head of Manoa valley. 45. AcwaTiInetia RECTA (Pl. XXIII. fig.45). A. testa plerumque dextrorsa, solida, pyramidali ; anfractibus 6, subrotundis, superne marginatis ; sutura leviter impressa; apertura subovata; labro simplici, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, torta et cum labro interiori coalescente ; colore vario, plerumque flavo, unicolori vel vitiis 2 nigris in anfr. ultimo ornato, quarum una in apertura de- currente, altera suturam appropinquante. Long. x3 lat. Z poll. Hab. Waialua, Oahu. Shell usually dextral, solid, pyramidal; whorls 6, but slightly rounded, margined above ; suture slightly impressed ; aperture sub- ovate; lip simple, thickened within; columella short, twisting to unite with the inner lip; colour various, usually yellow, plain, or with two black bands on the last whorl, one of which is lost in the aperture, the other becomes sutural. ? The shell above described is peculiar for its solidity and rigid aspect. It possesses none of the graceful curves which give to this No. CCLVII.—Proceepin6s or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 146 genus so much of its beauty. The largest size yet discovered is given in the measurement. 46. ACHATINELLA GRANA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 46). A. testa elongato- conica, cornea; anfractibus 6, ventricosis, submarginatis ; aper- tura oblongo-ovata ; labro subincrassato ; sutura valde impressa ; columella plica albida, in apertura profunde immersa munita. Long. a3 lat. ZS poll. Hab. Mani. Shell elongately conic, corneous ; whorls 6, rounded, faintly mar- gined ; aperture oblong-ovate ; lip slightly thickened, white; colu- mella with a white plait deep in the aperture. 47, ACHATINELLA PORCELLANA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 47). A. testa solidiori, conica, polita, fulgente ; anfractibus 5, rotundis, superne marginatis ; apertura ovata; labro expanso, margine tenui, in- terne incrassato ; columella brevi, tuberculari ; colore albo porcel- laneo, cum vitta flavo-fusca, pallida anfractum singulum circum- ambiente, quarum bine in anfr. ultimo. Long. x3 lat. poll. Hab. EK. Mani. Shell rather solid, conical, polished, shining; whorls 5, rounded, margined above; aperture ovate; lip expanded, thin at the margin, thickened within; columella short, tubercular; colour of a porcelain whiteness, with a light fawn-coloured band encircling each whorl, the last whorl having two. 48. ACHATINELLA VENULATA (Pl. XXIII. fig. 48, 48a). A. testa dextrorsa, elongato-conica; anfractibus 7, convexis, superne sub- marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura subovata ; labro sim- plici, interne adaucto ; columella fortiter plicata, contorta, colore subroseo suffuso ; colore albido vel albido-roseo cum venis longi- tudinalibus viridibus vel olivaceis, ex epidermide formatis. Long. =; lat. 3° poll. 3° 20? Hab. Kolau, Oahu. Shell dextral, elongately conic ; whorls 7, convex, slightly margined above; suture well-impressed ; aperture subovate ; lip simple, thick- ened within; columella strongly plicate, twisted, of a pinkish hue ; colour of shell white, or pinkish white, with longitudinal veins of green or olive-green epidermal matter. Var. a. Sinistral, with a deep black sutural band. 49. ACHATINELLA MucRONATA (PI. XXIII. fig. 49). A. testa elongato-ovata ; anfractibus 6, ventricosis ; sutura superne sub- impressa, profunda ad juncturam anfr. ultimi; apertura parva, ovata; labro simplici; columella contoria, plicata ; anfractu ultimo contracto et epidermide densa fusco-nigra tecto; testa reliqua alba, signis mucronatis, numerosis, fuscis ornata. Long. 3 lat. 3 poll. Hab. Mani. 147 Shell elongate-ovate; whorls 6, rounded; suture above lightly impressed, becoming deep at the junction of the last whorl; aper- ture small, ovate; lip simple; columella with a twisted plait; the last whorl contracted and covered with a dense black epidermis; the superior whorls white, with numerous arrow-headed brown markings. « This shell is intermediate between 4. modesta of Adams, a Molokai species, and 4. assimilis, the following species. 50. AcHATINELLA Jounsont (Pl. XXIII. fig. 50). A. testa dex- trorsa, elongato-conica ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis, superne leviter submarginatis ; sutura profunda; apertura subovata ; columella valde plicata, rosea, margine nigro; colore teste albo vel roseo cum lineis nigris 2 aut pluribus, quarum una vel duo centralibus, una suturali et altera plerumque ampliori infra anfr. ultimum. Long. 3 lat. a poll. Hab. Kolau, Oahu. Shell dextral, conically elongate ; whorls 7, slightly rounded, supe- viorly indistinctly margined ; suture rather deep ; aperture subovate ; columella with a strong plication, pink, margined with black ; colour of shell white or pinkish, banded with two or more narrow black lines, one or two of which are central, one sutural, and one usually broader inferiorly on the last whorl. Thefollowing form an allied group :—<. producta, hybrida, aplustre, venulata and Johnsont. This species is dedicated to the Rev. Mr. Johnson, of Kawai, whose assistance in my researches I most thankfully acknowledge. 51. ACHATINELLA APLUSTRE (Pl. XXIII. fig. 51). A. testa co- nica, dextrorsa ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura leviter impressa, simplici ; apertura semiovata ; labro tenui; columella callosa, in plicam tortam terminante, colore albo-ceruleo, apice fusco ; anfr. 3 primis spiralibus albidis, reliquis vitta ampla, centrali coloris rosei et fasciis binis nigris, marginalibus ornatis ; anfr. ultimo fasciis 2 viridibus. 10 Long. 1; lat. 5; poll. Hab. Kolau, Oahu. Shell conical, dextral; whorls 7, rounded; suture moderately im- pressed, simple; aperture semiovate ; lip thin, with a callus, termi- nating in a twisted plait, bluish white tipped with brown ; three first spiral turns white, the others with a broad central pink band, mar- gined by two deep black bands ; on the last whorl, superiorly and in- feriorly, is a broad bright green band. The gaudy colouring of this species alone separates it from the A. Johnsoni, nob. It belongs to the same section with 4. producta, Reeve, which may be taken as the type of a group of species num- bering some half-a-dozen, and which requires still further additions to render it complete. 52. ACHATINELLA HyBRIDA (PI. XXIII. fig. 52). A. testa dea- trorsa, conica; anfractibus 6, rotundis, superne marginatis ; ul- 148 timo subinflato ; sutura bene impressa; columella alba vel sub- fusca, in plicam contortam desinente ; apertura ovali alba ; labro simplici, interne incrassato ; striis longitudinalibus delicatis ; anfr. ultimo viridi vel fusco, superioribus albis cum venis longitudinali- bus, formosis, epidermide concoloribus. 18 10 Long. =; lat. 5; poll. Hab. Kolau, Oahu. Shell dextral, conical ; whorls 6, rounded, margined above, the last somewhat inflated ; suture well-impressed ; columella white or brown- ish, terminating in a twisted plait ; aperture ovate, white ; lip simple, thickened within ; strize longitudinal, fine ; colour of shell green or brown on the last whorl, above white, with fine longitudinal veins of the colour of the epidermis. This species seems to be intermediate between 4. producta, Reeve, and A. venulata. 53. ACHATINELLA assimILts (Pl. XXIII. fig. 53). A. testa co- nico-elongata, superne acuta ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura bene impressa; apertura parva, ovata; columella brevissima, plicata, con- torta; labro acuto, interne subincrassato ; colore albo vel rubro- flavido, anfractus ultimi dimidio inferiori interdum albido ; interne albo-niveo. ll 55 Long. ;,; lat. 55 poll. Hab. W. Mani. Shell conically elongate, acute above ; whorls 7, rounded; suture well-impressed ; aperture small, ovate ; columella very short, plicate, twisted ; lip acute, thickened slightly within ; colour white or salmon, sometimes the lower half of the last whorl white, and the rest of sal- mon; within pure white. This species might be mistaken for a dwarf variety of A. Mastersi. Its habits are quite different, its locality distant, and the shell has an aspect quite distinct from the small varieties of 4. Mastersi, as found on W. Mani. 54. ACHATINELLA RETICULATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 54). A. testa co- nico-ovata; anfractibus 6, perrotundis ; sutura superne mediocri, supra anfr. ultimum profunda; apertura parva, ovata; colu- mella brevi cum dente plicato, fere transverse ; colore fusco vel castaneo cum lineis et notis transversis, albidis, figuras varias epidermide imponentibus, speciem texti spiculati vel operis acupicti prebentibus. Long. ©; lat. Z poll. 20? Hab. Waianoe, Oahu. Shell conically ovate ; whorls 6, much-rounded ; suture moderate, except at the junction of the last whorl, which is deep; aperture small, ovate ; columella short, with a plicate tooth, nearly transverse; colour brown or chestnut, with white transverse lines and markings, laid on to the epidermis in various patterns like lace-work or em- broidery. Proc. Z. 5. Moliscas kena - d4 Oo 56 3 do Wa 78 79 i ous lth Reeve, imp. 149 55. ACHATINELLA oRNATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 55). A. testa sini- strorsa, acute pyramidali, nitida; anfractibus 6, plano-convezis, supra marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura in testa adulia subquadrata, in immatura subovata; labro margine subincrassato ; columella lata et complanata ; teste superficie undulis alternanti- bus vel signis ziczac albidis vel nigris, longitudinaliter dispositis, obtecta, cum vitta subcentrali transversa nigra, interdum etiam cum albida contigua infra in anfr. ultimo. Long. 3 lat. = poll. Hab. E. Mani. Shell sinistral, acutely pyramidal, shining; whorls 6, plano-con- vex, margined above; suture well-impressed ; aperture subquadrate in adult, subovate in immature shells; lip slightly thickened at the edge; columella broad and flattened ; surface of shell covered with alternating undulations or zigzag markings of white and black arranged longitudinally, with a subcentral transverse black band, sometimes margined with a white one below on the last whorl. This is an extremely rare species, found in a limited locality, in a deep ravine, at the back of Lahaina. 56. ACHATINELLA ALBO-LABRIS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 56). A. testa co- nico-ovata ; apice acuto ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, non marginatis ; apertura ovata; columella brevi, plicato-dentata ; labro semilunari, incrassato, albo; colore umbroso, cum linea suturali flava, interne ceruleo-albido. Long. x3 lat. a poll. Hab. Waianoe, Oahu. Shell conically ovate; apex acute; whorls 6, rounded, not mar- gined ; aperture ovate; columella short, plicately toothed ; lip semi- Iunar, thickened and white; colour dark umber, with a yellow sutural line; within bluish white. We are compelled to separate this and another, the 4. reticulata, from A. nucleola of Gould, from which they differ in important and permanent characters. 57. ACHATINELLA ELEGANS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 57). A. testa conico- elongata, polita, nitente, solidiori ; anfractibus 6, plano-conveais, superne marginatis ; sutura bene impressa; apertura subovata ; labro albo, expanso, subreflero, in medio subcontracto, intus adaucto ; columella brevi, plana et subdentata ; colore albo et per- fusco, modo secundum lineas ad longitudinem, modo maculis latis alternunte, nonnunquam cum fascia alba, suturali et altera in anfr. . ventrali addita. 18 Long. 553 lat. - poll. Hab. UHauula, Oahu. Shell conically elongate, polished, shining, rather solid; whorls 6, plano-convex, margined above ; suture well-impressed ; aperture sub- ovate ; lip white, expanded, subreflected, somewhat contracted in its centre, thickened within; columella short, flat and lightly toothed ; 150 colour light and dark brown alternating, longitudinally arranged in iia or broad patches; sometimes with a white sutural band, and an additional one on the body whorl. 58. ACHATINELLA PrerrFerRi (Pl. XXIV. fig. 58). A. testa sini- strorsa, acuminata, turritiformi; anfractibus 6, plano-conveais ; sutura profunda; apertura oblongo-ovata; columella simplici, plana ; labio exteriori simplici ; superficie sulcis longitudinalibus profundis, striis transversis, bene expressis, decussatis ; colore Tua cum nie albis, longitudinalibus in anfr. superioribus. Long. + x3 lat. — = poll. Hab. Molokai. Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted ; whorls 6, flatly convex; suture deep ; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella plain and smooth ; outer lip simple; surface irregularly cut up into furrows, ridges and tubercles by deep longitudinal sulcations, crossed by strongly developed trans- verse strize ; colour brown, with white longitudinal lines on the upper whorls. 59. ACHATINELLA Cuminet (Pl. XXIV. fig. 59). A. testa sini- strorsa, acuminata, turritiformi ; anfractibus 6, planulatis, supra marginatis ; sutura subimpressa; apertura oblongo-ovata ; colu- mella subcallosa ; labio externo tenui, elliptico ; striis numerosis, oblique transversis et fortiter delineatis, striis longitudinalibus de- cussatis, supra totam testam diffusis; colore fusco cum undulis wes in oe superioribus. Long. 2 => Lat. = poll. Hab. Hale a Ka la, E. Mani. Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted; whorls 6, “margined above, planulate; suture moderately impressed ; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella slightly callous ; outer lip thin, elliptical ; numerous striz, obliquely transverse and well-marked, traverse the entire shell, with longitudinal incremental strize more or less developed ; colour brown, with obsolete white undulations on the superior whorls. This species, with the preceding, form, with the 4. plicata of Mighels, a group of an eccentric and extremely interesting type. No apology will be offered for dedicating this remarkable species to H. Cuming, Esq., of London. 60. ACHATINELLA SOLITARIA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 60). A. testa ovata, conica, dextrorsa; anfractibus 6, plano-convevis ; sutura subim- pressa; apertura ovata; labro acuto, intus incrassato; colu- mella alba, brevi, lata et abrupte contorta; colore castaneo pal- lido cum striis obscurioribus, longitudinalibus, prope basin viridi ; fascia suturali alba in anfr. 23 ultimis, in superioribus fusca ; Aloe lacteo. Long. + ae late = poll. Hab. Palolo, Oahu. Shell ovately conical, dextral; whorls 6, flatly convex; suture 151 slightly impressed ; aperture ovate; lip acute, thickened within ; columella white, short, broad and abruptly twisted; colour light chestnut, with darker longitudinal stripes, green at the base ; a white sutural band for the last 24 whorls, and a brown band on the suture above. But a solitary specimen of this species has been obtained. Its cha- racters are, however, sufficiently striking to warrant us in giving it a place as a distinct species. 61. ACHATINELLA GERMANA (PI. XXIV. fig. 61). A. testa dex- trorsa, ovato-conica; anfractibus 6, plano-convevis ; apertura ovata; labro acuto, intus incrassato; columella brevi, tubercu- lari, fusca; colore castaneo cum lineis delicatis, obsoletis, trans- versis, obscurioribus, vitta alba suturam ultimam transeunte et anfr. ventralem medio secante; fascia lata in apertura evanes- cente, columellam circumdante. Long. = lat. 5 poll. Hab. Makawao, Mani. Shell dextral, ovately conical; whorls 6, flatly convex; aperture ovate ; lip acute, thickened within; columella brown, short and tu- bercular ; colour chestnut, with fine obsolete darker transverse lines ; a white band traverses the last sutural whorl and cuts the body whorl centrally ; around the columella is a broad white band, losing itself in the aperture. Closely resembles the A. solitaria, and but for the widely distant localities, might be taken for a variety of the same species. The mark- ings and columellze are however quite distinct. 62. ACHATINELLA FLAVESCENS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 62). A. testa dextrorsa, conica; anfractibus 6, subrotundis ; sutura simplici, bene impressa; striis numerosis longitudinalibus, et bene expres- sis; apertura semiovali; labro simplici; columella brevi, dente obliquo, plicato munita ; colore teste externe uniusmodi subflavo, interne albido vel subroseo. Long. =; lat. 2 poll. Hab. Hawaii. Shell dextral, conical; whorls 6, slightly rounded ; suture simple, well-impressed ; strize numerous, longitudinal and well-developed ; aperture semiovate; lip simple; columella short, with an oblique plaited tooth; colour of shell externally of a uniform light reddish yellow, internally white or pale rose. This species belongs to a group, at the head of which stands 4. ru- bens of Gould. Its specific character is sufficiently marked. It is one of three species thus far obtained on the large island of Hawaii. 63. ACHATINELLA Hetena (PI. XXIV. fig. 63). A. testa ovato- conica ; anfractibus 5, ventricosis; sutura profunda; apertura ovata; columella subcallosa; striis minute decussatis ; colore rufo alternante cum lineis ziczac albis, longitudinalibus, latis, totam 152 testam obtegentibus, cum vel sine fascia alba, anfr. ultimum cin- genie. Long. a3 lat. 3 poll. Hab. Molokai, within the coil of the Ti tree leaf, as it starts from the trunk. Shell ovate-conical; whorls 5, rounded; suture deep; aperture ovate; columella slightly callous; striz finely decussated; colour rufous, alternating with broad, longitudinal, zigzag lines of white covering the entire shell, with or without a white band encircling the last whorl. This forms the commencement of the type alluded to under the description of 4. dubia. 64. ACHATINELLA pHysa (Pl. XXIV. fig. 64). A. testa sinistrorsa, acuto-conica, tenui, inflata; anfractibus 5, rotundis; sutura bene impressa; apertura oblongo-ovata; columella tenui, subplicata; la- bro simplici; colore subflavo-fusco cum flammulis albidis longi- tudinalibus, cum vel sine linea alba, subcentrali circa anfractum ventralem. Long. =; lat. = poll. Hab. Mouna Kea, Hawaii. Shell sinistral, acutely conical, thin, inflated; whorls 5, rounded ; suture well-marked ; aperture widely ovate ; columella thin, slightly twisted ; lip simple ; colour light yellowish brown, with white longi- tudinal flammules, with or without a subcentral, revolving, white line on the body whorl. 65. ACHATINELLA DuBIA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 65). A. testa dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, tenui, conico-elongata; anfractibus 6, minute de- cussatim striatis; sutura simplici; apertura ovata; labro ex- panso, subreflexo ; columella alba, bulimoidea in speciebus juniori- bus (adultis callo conspicuo munitis) ; umbilico parvo et perforato ; colore pallide corneo, cum lineis ziczac et maculis pallidis. Long. ae lat. 5 poll. Hab. Waianoe, Oahu. Shell dextral or sinistral, thin, conically elongate ; whorls 6, with finely decussating striz ; suture simple; aperture ovate; lip ex- panded, slightly reflected ; columella white, bulimoid except in adult specimens (which exhibit a callus); umbilicus small and perforate ; colour light corneous, with radiating zigzag lines and blotches of a light colour. Found on bushes. The above shell approaches in its characters very near to the genus Bulimus. It is referred to this genus from its disposition to be either sinistral or dextral ; from its animal being viviparous; and from old specimens exhibiting a flat, twisted columellar tooth. It forms the terminus of a series of four species herein described; the others are A. Helena, A. physa and A. grisea, all heterostrophe species. 153 66. ACHATINELLA GRIseA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 66). A. testa sini- strorsa, infra inflata, apice acuminato; anfractibus 6, rotundis, non marginatis ; apertura ovata; columella brevi, plana et sub- plicata ; labro expanso, interne incrassato ; sutura bene impressa ; umbilico subaperto ; colore supra cinereo-albo, fusco pallide macu- lato, infra cinereo; anfractu ultimo vitta angusta, albida circum- uae Long. 3 36 ; lat. 2 poll. Hab. Malay, Mani. Shell sinistral, inflated below, pointed at the summit; whorls 6, rounded, not margined; aperture ovate; columella short, flat and but slightly twisted; lip expanded, thickened within; suture well- impressed ; umbilicus open; colour above greyish white mottled with light brown, below ashy grey ; the body whorl encircled by a narrow white band. 67. AcHaTINELLA Mastersi (Pl. XXIV. fig. 67). A. testa dex- trorsa, tenui, conica; anfractibus 7, rotundis, supra leviter ru- gosis, inferioribus fortiter inflatis ; apice acuto; sutura valde im- pressa; apertura ovata; labro simplici; columella brevi, plica lamellari, tenui munita; colore superbe castaneo vel albo, cum vestigiis epidermidis tenuis, fusco-nigre ; interne albo vel ceruleo- pono. Long. eae lat. 5 3p poll. Hab. Mani. Shell dextral, thin; whorls 7, rounded, slightly rugose above, the last strongly inflated; apex acute; suture well-impressed ; aperture ovate ; lip simple; columella short, with a thin lamellar plait ; colour of shell white or rich chestnut, with traces of a thin brown epidermis ; within white or bluish white. This species I dedicate to S. I. Masters, Esq., who has been inde- fatigable in his researches on the islands of Oahu, Mani and Ranai, and who has furnished many choice and beautiful shells of this genus before unknown to science. The size varies much in this species, and the colouring is also various, running from pure white through various tints to a light ma- hogany. The lower part of the shell is not unfrequently white, and the upper portion bright chestnut or rose-coloured. 68. ACHATINELLA DECIPIENS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 68). A. testa co- nico-elongata, solida; anfractibus 6, subrotundis, supra depressis ; apertura elongato-ovata; labvo subreflexo ; columella brevi, ob- lique plicata, cum callo expanso ; sutura subimpressa ; striis nume- rosis, longitudinalibus, obliquis ; colore albo cum fasciis transver- sis, luteis, vel luteo cum lineis transversis, albidis, et striis longi- ig letlge pe castaneis. Long. 2° p> lat. Z 5 poll. Hab. Kahana, ikke 154 Shell conically-elongate, solid; whorls 6, slightly rounded, mar- gined above; aperture elongately-ovate ; lip subreflected ; columella short, obliquely twisted, with an expanded callus ; suture slightly im- pressed; stricze numerous, longitudinal, oblique; colour white with yellow transverse bands, or yellow with white transverse lines, and longitudinal chestnut-coloured stripes. This species cannot be confounded with any other than the A. sub- virens in one of its varieties, the distinctive marks of which are given under that species. 69. ACHATINELLA RUBIGINOSA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 69). A. testa dextrorsa, solida, ovato-conica; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; labro subreflexo, interne in- crassato ; apertura ovata; columella brevi, fortiter dentata, cum callo expanso umbilicum obtegente ; colore ferrugineo-fulgente, cum vitta alba suturali ; columella et anfractus ultimi parte infe- riore et exteriore albidis. 15 Long. =; lat. = poll. Hab. Palolo, Oahu. Shell dextral, solid, ovately conical; whorls 6, rounded, margined above; suture well-impressed ; lip lightly subreflected, thickened within; aperture ovate; columella short, strongly dentate, with an ex- panded callus covering the umbilicus ; colour a bright reddish brown, with a white band accompanying the sutures; columella and lower and outer portion of last whorl white. This species passes into the white variety of A. teniolata of Pfeif- fer ; but in the latter species the mantle of the animal is of a dark slate-colour, and in the present species it is of a light flesh-colour. The markings are characteristic of the species, the rusty hue varying in intensity and quantity of surface covered in different specimens. 70. ACHATINELLA VARIABILIS (Pl. XXIV. fig. 70). A. testa sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa, conico-acuminata, polita, nitente; an- Sractibus 6, rotundis, superne submarginatis ; apertura subovata ; columella brevi, tuberculo forti coloris rosei munita; labro ex- panso, acuto ; colore teste vario, albo, flavo, nigro, etc., unicolori vel cingulis sex minusve, colorum diversorum in anfr. ultimo or- nato. Long. =; lat. = poll. Hab. Ranai. Shell sinistral or dextral, conically acuminate, polished, shining ; whorls 6, rounded, lightly margined above ; aperture roundly ovate ; columella short, armed with a strong tubercle of a roseate colour ; lip expanded, acute; colour of shell white, yellow, black and other shades, plain or with from one to six bands of various colours on the last whorl. ’ This is the most variable species in markings that has yet been found among the Achatinelle. It is extremely difficult to find two (except the plain ones) precisely alike in this respect. 155 71. ACHATINELLA cRassA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 71). A. testa dea- trorsa, conica, solida, apice acuminato ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, ultimo ventricoso ; striis decussantibus ; sutura modice distincta ; apertura subovata ; columella brevi, in plicam fortem terminante ; labro albo, late expanso et subreflexo; umbilico aperto; colore castaneo-fusco, albis punctis asperso, cum vitta alba, subcentrali in anfractu ultimo. Long. = Tat: . poll. Hab. Ranai. Shell dextral, conical, solid, pointed at the apex; last whorl ven- tricose ; strize decussating; whorls 6, rounded ; suture moderate ; aperture subovate ; columella short, terminating in a very strong plait ; lip white, broadly expanded and subreflected ; umbilicus open ; colour dark chestnut sprinkled with white, with a white subcentral band on the last whorl. This shell in form approaches the genus Partula. Having ob- tained the specimens alive, I have been enabled to examine the ani- mal, and can find no marks to distinguish it from the common type of the genus Achatinella. 72. ACHATINELLA Batpwinti (Pl. XXIV. fig. 72). A. testa dex- trorsa, conico-ovata, ad longitudinem striata; anfractibus 7, sub- convexis, non marginatis ; sutura simplici, bene impressa; aper- tura elongato-ovata ; columella longa, dente albo, plicato munita ; labro acuto, massa alba obtecto, interne fusco-marginato ; aper- tura ceruleo-albida; colore subfusco, cum vestigtis epidermidis tenuis, nigre ; anfr. 4 supremis nigris. Long. 3 lat. x poll. Hab. Ranai. Shell dextral, conically elongate, striated longitudinally ; whorls 7, slightly convex, not margined ; suture simple, well-impressed ; aper- ture elongate-ovate ; columella long, with a white plicate tooth ; lip acute, margined within with brown; aperture bluish white; labrum with a white deposit ; colour of shell light brown, with traces of a thin, black epidermis ; first four whorls black. This species is dedicated to the Rev. Mr. Baldwin of Lahaina. It belongs to the limited group of 4. gigantea and A. violacea. There has been but one specimen of this species as yet obtained. 73, ACHATINELLA Bupp1i (Pl. XXIV. fig. 73). 4. testa sini- strorsa, conico-ovata, solida ; anfractibus 6, convexis, supra deli- cate marginatis ; sutura moderate depressa, albo cingulata ; aper- tura ovata; labro acuto, inferiort recedente, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, cum plica terminali ; colore albido-luteo, plumbeo vel fulvo ; apertura et columella albis. Long. = ; lat. on poll. Hab. Palolo, Oahu. Shell sinistral, conically ovate, solid ; whorls 6, convex, slightly margined above; suture moderately impressed, banded with white ; 156 aperture ovate ; lip acute, thickened within ; columella short, with a terminal plication; colour yellowish (or cinnamon), slate or fawn ; columella and aperture white. This uncommon species I take pleasure in dedicating to Dr. B. W. Budd of New York, who has largely contributed in assisting others to build up a scientific reputation in the United States. 74. ACHATINELLA Emmersonit (Pl. XXIV. fig. 74). A. testa conica, polita, dextrorsa, solidiori ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ; sutura distincta ; apertura subovata, intus peralbida ; columella brevi, tuberculata ; labro acuto, intus nigro-marginato ; teste superficie externa omnino margaritaceo-alba. Long. : ; lat. = poll. Hab. District of Waialua. Shell conical, polished, dextral, rather solid; whorls 6, rounded, margined above ; suture distinct ; aperture subovate ; columella short, tuberculate ; lip acute, margined with black within ; aperture inter- nally pure white; exterior of shell uniform pearly white. This shell in its general aspect is the complete counterpart of A, Mighelsiana of Pfeiffer. The latter species is from Molokai. This is clearly distinct, as may be seen by a cursory examination of the two species. 75. ACHATINELLA BIPLICATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 75). A. testa dex- _trorsa, elongato-cylindrica ; anfractibus 7, rotundis, longitudina- liter valde striatis ; sutura profunda; apertura parva, subovata ; labio subcalloso ; columella biplicata; labro acuto, intus submar- ginato ; colore subroseo, epidermide fusco, tenui partim obtecta ; anfractibus supremis nigris ; apertura intus rubra. Hab. Ranai, Sandwich Islands. Shell dextrorsal, elongately cylindrical ; whorls 7, rounded, longi- tudinally strongly striated; suture deep; aperture small, subovate ; inner lip rather callous; columella biplicate ; outer lip acute, sub- marginate within ; colour rosy, partly concealed by a thin brown epi- dermis ; upper whorls black ; aperture red within. 76. ACHATINELLA SEMICARINATA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 76). A. testa dextrorsa, solida, ovato-conica, longitudinaliter substriata; an- Sractibus 5, planulatis, supra marginatis, ultimo in medio angulato et semicarinato ; apertura ovata ; columella valde uniplicata, plica contorta, dentiformi ; labro antice producto, intus valde margi- nato ; colore stramineo ; apertura intus alba. Hab. Island of Ranai. Shell dextrorsal, solid, ovately-conical, longitudinally substriated ; whorls 5, flattened, marginate above the last, angulated in the middle and semicarinated ; aperture ovate ; columella ending in a tortuous, obtuse, dentiform plait ; outer lip anteriorly produced, strongly mar- ginate within ; colour pale yellow; aperture white internally. A straw-coloured conical species, with the last whorl partially sur- rounded with an elevated keel. Proc. Z.9.Annulosa . XXXII - lL Saturnia Jorulla Riess, = SOnizalbox 3. Juavendera. bo 157 77. ACHATINELLA MasTA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 77). A. testa dea- trorsa, turrito-conica; anfractibus 7, convexis, longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura parva, ovata, leviter contracta ; columella recta, plica valida, spirali, alba, in medio munita; colore rufescente ; anfractibus supremis nigris, mediis lineis nigris, fleruosis et angu- latis, ultimo epidermide fusca obtecto. Hab. Island of Ranai. Shell dextrorsal, turrito-conical ; whorls 7, convex, longitudinally striated ; aperture small, ovate, slightly contracted; columella straight, with a strong, white, spiral callus in the middle ; colour reddish brown ; the upper whorls black, the middle ones with black zigzag lines, the last covered with a dark brown epidermis. 78. ACHATINELLA oBscurRA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 78). A. testa dex- trorsa, turrito-conica; anfractibus 7, longitudinaliter striatis, subrotundis, superne marginatis ; sutura leviter impressa; aper- tura parva, ovata; columella subtortuosa, lamina spirali munita ; labro acuto, simplici; colore sordide fulvo, epidermide nigro- Fusca obtecto; anfractibus supremis nigris. Hab. Island of Ranai. Shell dextrorsal, turrito-conical ; whorls 7, longitudinally striated, rather convex, marginate superiorly ; suture slightly impressed ; aper- ture small, ovate; columella subtortuous, furnished with a spiral la- mina; outer lip acute, simple; colour dirty fulvous, covered with a blackish brown epidermis ; the upper whorls black. 79. ACHATINELLA CONCINNA (Pl. XXIV. fig. 79). A. testa dex- trorsa, umbilicata, subnitida, longitudinaliter creberrime striata ; anfractibus 6, convewis ; sutura impressa ; apertura ovata; colu- mella brevi, recta, reflera, lamina spirali antice munita; labro simplici, acuto ; colore citrino ; anfractibus supremis roseis. Hab. Island of Ranai. Shell dextrorsal, umbilicated, longitudinally very finely striated, rather shining ; whorls 6, convex ; suture impressed ; aperture ovate ; columella short, straight, the margin reflexed, furnished anteriorly with a spiral plait; outer lip simple, acute; colour pale yellow; the uppermost whorls rosy. 4. DrEscrIPTIONS OF somE New Species or Exotic Motus BELONGING OR ALLIED TO THE GENUS SATURNIA. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S. etc. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXII. XXXIII.) Having, in a former Article in this Work (No. CXCII. March 27, 1849), reviewed the whole of the known species of large African moths belonging or nearly allied to the genus Saturnia, and having also, in the “Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,” described and figured a number of species of the same group from various parts of India, I purpose in the present paper to describe several additional species, chiefly from the New World, which appears to be very rich in these 158 fine insects. For several of the species contained in this memoir I am indebted to D. Coffin, Esq., who on his return from Mexico most liberally presented me with his whole collection, formed in that country during a residence of considerable extent. SarurniA Or1izaBa, Westw. (Pl. XXXII. fig. 2.) S. alis an- ticis maris subfalcatis, posticis elongatis ; in utroque sexu fulvis, brunneo griseoque variis, omnibus plaga magna triangulari (in omnibus alis equali), apice extus in strigam undatam albam intus nigro marginatam, insidenti, macula subapicali alarum anticarum e guttis tribus nigris composita, linea tenuissima nigra valde un- dulata submarginali serie macularum parvarum in alis posticis in- cludente. ¢ 2 Expans. alar. antic. maris, 53 unc. ; foem. 64 unc. Hab. in Mexico. Communicavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood. This species is closely allied to Sat. Aurota (Cramer, pl. 8. fig. a), from Surinam, but differs at once in the form of the vitreous patch of the hind wings. The specimen figured by Cramer is a female. The one represented in our illustration is a male, but I possess both sexes, agreeing exactly together in the markings of all the wings, and differing only in the female being larger, with the fore wings broader and almost straight along the outer margin, and the hind ones shorter and more regularly ovate. The general colour is dark fulvous, the middle portion of the wings being darker than the base and apex. The front of the thorax is marked by a narrow transverse white line, and there is a broader transverse one across its hind part, connected with a white streak running in a continuous line along the hind margin of the fore wings for about one quarter of their length, where it forms a strong angle and runs nearly to the costa; it is outwardly edged with black ; this is succeeded by the large vitreous patch in the centre of the wings, of a triangular form, the side towards the base of the wing being rather emarginate ; and its apex rests upon a white undulated striga run- ning across the wings, edged within with black, beyond which the wing is much irrorated with pale and grey scales, especially towards the costa; near the tip of the wing is a black crescent, and a patch composed of three small black spots in a triangle, on a fulvous ground, preceded by a curved white line ; the margin of the wing is ashy buff, traversed by a very slender, very much waved black line. The hind wings lave a similar-sized vitreous patch in the middle, its basal edge being nearly straight, preceded by an arched white line, outwardly edged with black and connected towards the costa with the strongly-waved white line (inwardly edged with black) on which the apex of the vitreous patch rests; the ashy buff margin of the wing bears a series of small black spots, followed by a very slender waved black line. On the underside the wings have the base of a rich darker brown colour (extending as far as the undulated transverse striga), the api- cal half of the wings (as well as the costa of the hind ones) being much paler. 159 The antenne of the males are not very broadly feathered; they are 32-jointed, each joint emitting four branches of equal length, ex- cept about eight of the terminal joints, in which one of the pairs of branches gradually diminishes in length, and becomes obsolete in two or three of the terminal joints. The antennze of the female are less strongly feathered, and one of the pairs of branches becomes ob- solete in about seven of the terminal joints. Sarurnia Zacateca, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 4.) S. alis valde angustis subfalcatis nigris, omnibus macula maxima vitrea, anticis striga basali geniculata alba, ad apicem fulvo, castaneo griseoque variegatis, fascia interrupta alba extus rufescenti ; posticis ni- gris, prope marginem posticum fascia interrupta alba extus casta- neo-rufa, margine postico griseo variegato. ¢ Expans. alar. antic. unc. 33. Hab. in Bogota, Americee Meridionalis. In Mus. Hope. This curious species is at once distinguished by its very narrow wings and the large size of the glassy spots, especially in the hinder pair ; the body is black, with a white ring round the neck and a less distinct fascia across the hind part of the thorax. The antenne are very strongly branched; the fore wings are especially long and narrow and slightly falcate at the tip, which is rounded ; they are of a black colour, slightly tinged with chestnut, and powdered, especially along the fore margin, with grey scales. A narrow, straight, white striga extends from the base of the wing to the vitreous spot, where it is an- gulated, and runs towards the fore margin. The centre of the wing is occupied by a large, elongated, suboval heptagonal vitreous spot, which is not traversed by any transverse vein, the branches of the median vein being pushed so far backward, as to admit of its occupying so large a clear space; a narrow white fascia extends from its extre- mity to the costa, and from the middle of its hinder margin to the hind margin of the wing, the space between which and the apical mar- gin is varied with chestnut, red and grey scales and luteous patches. The tip of the wing is orange, with a chestnut patch and a white angulated line, below which is a large oval chestnut-red patch, bear- ing a black spot and divided into several parts by dark luteous lines. The hind wings are almost entirely occupied by a large oval glassy patch destitute of veins, the subcostal vein being pushed towards the costal margin, and the median one towards the anal margin, and their branches emitted at an unusual distance from the base of the wing ; the apical portion is coloured in the same way as in the fore wings, except that the luteous spots form a narrow, continuous, submarginal fascia, enclosing a series of transverse, black spots more or less united in pairs. SarurNIA JORULLA, Westw. (PI. XXXII. fig.1.) S. alis fulvo-fus- cis; anticis macula subtriangulari, posticis macula subovali, vitreis albo nigroque marginatis, striga angulata e basi ad costam anti- carum, alteraque multidentata (communi) pone medium albis nigro roseoque marginatis ; striga tenui, nigra, undata, subapicali, macula 160 tripartita, nigra versus apicem connexa; posticis serie submarginali macularum rosearum, extus linea undata, nigra e margine griseo separata. @ ? Expans. alar. antic. maris, unc. 4. Hab. in Mexico, Cuantla. E folliculo in mense Octobris invento imago prodiit Augusto sequente. Communicavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood. This species is allied to Saturnia Hesperus (Cramer, pl. 68. fig.), but is smaller, and has the dentated fascia of the fore wings extend- ing in a straight line entirely across them; it is also much more brightly coloured. Both sexes have the fore wings emarginate along the outer margin, those of the female being rather less so than those of the male. The general colour of the wings is tawny brown; the fore wings with the fore margin thickly clothed with grey scales being white towards the base; the front of the thorax has a continuous white band ; another extends also across the hind part of the thorax, and is continued by a white bar along the wing for about one-third of its length, where it is angulated, and extends nearly to the costa ; it is inwardly edged with bright rosy, and outwardly in part with black ; the vitreous patch which occupies the middle of the wing is subtriangular, having a narrow white margin succeeded by a wider black one. This spot is followed by a multidentate white striga, edged with black on the inside and with rosy red on the out, running nearly in a straight direction across the wing, and extending also in a curved one across the hind wings to the anal margin. This striga is followed in both wings by a rather wide space much powdered with grey atoms, except towards the costa, which is more ashy coloured ; the dull luteous margin is traversed by a slender, waved, black line, followed by a white band, and towards the tip of the fore wings is a black patch, outwardly dentate, succeeded by two smaller black ones edged with tawny, and a short curved and dentated white line ex- tends to the tip of the wing. The hind wings are very similar to the fore ones, having near the base a slightly curved white streak outwardly edged with black, fol- lowed by a nearly oval vitreous spot, edged with white and black, slightly larger than the spot of the fore wmgs; and the luteous mar- gin of these wings bears a slender wavy black line, preceded by a row of small rosy and black spots. The wings on the under side are coloured exactly as on the upper, except that the costa of the hind wings is narrowly white. The an- tennze of the males are but moderately feathered: they are about 30-jointed, each joint producing two branches of equal length on either side, except that in the eight or nine terminal joints one of the pairs of branches is gradually obsolete, being entirely wanting in the six last. The antennee of the female resemble those of the male, but are rather less strongly feathered. SaTurniA LavenpveErA, Westw. (Pl. XXXII. fig.3.) S. alis flavis, bast obsolete fusco-strigosis ; omnibus ocello parvo ovali (fere equali) livide carneo, medio vitreo, nigro tenue cincto, anticis pone 161 medium strigis duabus tenuibus undulatis valde obliquis, fascia lata fulvo-brunnea extus undulata maculaque parva nigra sub- apicali ; posticis striga ante medium integra, alteraque pone me- dium dentata nigris serieque subapicali lunularum fulvo-brunnea- rum. 9 Expans. alar. antic. foem. unc. 43. Hab. in Mexico. E larva magna viridi spinosa mense Junio in truncum populi capta imago mense sequenti producta. Communi- cavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood. Of this handsome species I am only acquainted with female speci- mens, varying in the more or less golden yellow tint of the ground colour of the wings, which are thickly irrorated with small blackish scales. The anterior pair have the fore margin (as well as the front of the thorax) grey. They are rather dusky near the base and next the costa. There is‘a dusky spot followed by a short transverse black bar, which is connected with a scarcely distinct waved oblique striga extending to the inner margin. In the middle of the wing is an oval rosy-liver-coloured ocellus, the centre vitreous, surrounded by a black ring, resting on the outside on a very oblique waved black line, which is followed by another, broader but rather less waved, and this is succeeded by a broad space of reddish brown irrorated with grey scales, deeply scalloped along its outer margin. Near the tip of the wing is a black spot, below which is a slender black longitudinal line. The hind wings are rather dusky at the base, with a nearly straight blackish streak running across them rather before the middle. The ocellus on these wings is sometimes rather larger than that of the fore wings, and in other specimens is united with the transverse black- ish bar; beyond the ocellus is a slender dentated blackish line, fol- lowed at a short distance by a second, less distinct, and which forms the fore margin of a row of submarginal broad reddish brown lu- nules. The antenne of the females are but moderately feathered ; they are 31-jointed, each joint only producing a single branch on each side, the place of the two wanting branches being indicated by two minute bristles in their stead; the branches gradually decrease in length, from about one-third of the length of the antennee to the tip. Saturnia Cater, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 2.) S. alis nigri- canti-fuscis, omnibus in medio macula angulata strigague communi integra inter medium et apicem aibis notatis; anticis striga angusta angulata versus basin, ocello nigro extus ferrugineo serieque lunu- larum nigrarum subapicalibus ; posticis serie subapicali macula- rum nigrarum lineaque tenui undata nigra. 3 3 Expans. alar. antic. maris, unc. 43; foeminze, unc. 5}. Hab. in Mexico. E pupa mense Augusti producta. Communi- cavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood. This very distinct species is at once distinguished by the black- brown colour of its wings, marked in the place of the ordinary ocellus with an angulated white mark, like a wide prostrate V. The female is considerably larger than the male, and has broader wings, the an- No. CCLVIII.—ProcrEpinGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 162 terior being nearly straight along the apical margin, and the hind ones shorter and wider. The thorax has a pale fleshy coloured fascia in front, and the hind part has a less distinct one of dull fulvous ; towards the base of the wing is an angulated white striga, and all the wings are marked in the middle with the above-mentioned angulated white mark ; half way between which and the outer margin of the wings is a white fascia with the edges entire, rather wider in the hinder wings, followed by a space which is much irrorated with grey and fulvous scales, especially in the hind wings, but becoming more uniformly ashy towards the costa of the fore wings. This space in- closes in the fore wings ten slender black lunules arranged in pairs, each pair united together above by a more strongly marked black lu- nule, edged towards the apical margin with white. The anterior pair of lunules is followed towards the costa by a black ocellus bear- ing a slender white arched line, and outwardly bearing a broad ferru- ginous border, and next the apical angle are two white arched lines resting in the middle on a ferruginous patch ; the dull luteous apical margin inwardly becomes paler, and is preceded by a slender waved black line ; the uniformly dull luteous margin of the hind wings bears a row of small black oval spots, followed by a slender slightly-waved black line. The underside is coloured and marked as above, except that the subapical markings are all more clearly defined. The antenne of the males are deeply feathered; they consist of about 30 joints, each emitting a pair of setose branches on either side, except the six terminal joints, which are extremely short, each only emitting a single very short branch on its upper side. In the female antennze the branches extend (gradually diminishing in length) to the tip, but in the eight terminal joints one of the branches on each side becomes gradually obsolete, being quite wanting in the five ter- minal joints. Sarurnia Cuapara, Westw. S. alis roseo-fulvis anticarum costa colloque griseis, omnibus ocello medio, magnitudine mediocri, equali, medio vitreo, intus hepatico, extus flavo, circuloque fusco cincto ; anticis striga recta valde obliqua pone medium Susca, ma- cula parva nigra subapicali adjecta. & Expans. alar. antic. maris, unc. 41. Hab. in Mexico. Communicavit D. Coffin. In Mus. Westwood. My unique specimen of this species is a male, and having. been reared from the larva, its hind wings are not quite fully expanded. The fore wings are more strongly falcate than in any of the other Mexican species described in-this article. The ground colour of all the wings is a rich rosy fulvous, with slight brown shades across the middle of the fore wings. The fore margin of these wings, as well as the front of the thorax, is greyish ; half way between the base and the middle is a very ill-defined and irregularly angulated dusky striga ; in the middle of all the wings is a moderate sized oval ocellus, being of the same size in all the wings, the centre vitreous, the anterior part being liver-coloured, and the outer part gradually yellow, surrounded by a narrow dusky circle ; half way between the ocellus and the api- Daturma Sapatoza __ .____ Calleta ___ Janeira wo ho __ Zacateca Proc. 4.9. Annulosa . XXALII . 163 cal margin runs a straight but very oblique dusky striga, extending from rather beyond the middle of the hinder margin nearly to the apex of the wing, where it is dilated into a small black patch. The hind wings have a more rosy tint, with a transverse, very ill-defined, dusky striga a little in front of the ocellus, and there is a slender un- dulated dusky striga half way between the ocellus and the hinder margin. On the under side the wings are rather more ashy in their general colour, and the dusky stripe between the base and the ocellus in all the wings is better defined; across all the wings there is a central cloud of tawny running through the ocelli, which are smaller on this side than above, and beyond these marks is a very slight and slender row of dusky scallops; the subapical margin of the fore wings is more tawny, especially towards the hinder angle. The antennz are ful- yous and broadly feathered, consisting of about 30 joints, each emit- ting two branches on either side. SarurniA Sapatoza, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 1.) S.alis supra viridi-sulphureis, nigro-atomosis ; anticis in mare subfalcatis ; omnibus lunula vitrea mediocri, equali, anticis fascia obscura pa- rum undata inter basin et medium, alteraque undulata inter lunu- lam et marginem apicalem; puncto nigro subapical; posticis striga transversa media lunulisque subapicalibus obscuris. 3 3 Expans. alar. antic. unc. 34. Hab. in Bogota. In Mus. Britann. This beautiful species is one of the smallest of its tribe, and is well distinguished by its peculiar colour and by the form of the lunate vitreous patch, of nearly equal size on all the wings. The wings are sulphur-yellow-coloured above, the disk covered with minute black scales, which give it a greenish tinge ; fore wings with the extremity slightly falcate in the male, more regular shaped in the female, brownish buff, with a small subapical black oval dot, edged behind with an angulated white line. All the wings marked rather beyond the middle with a lunate vitreous spot, of equal size in all the wings, narrowly edged with black and with a slender curved vein (uniting the lower branch of the subcostal with the upper branch of the me- dian veins) running through the centre of it; the fore wings moreover with a slightly waved dusky fascia before the middle and a slender waved subapical dark striga (much more strongly marked in the fe- male than in the male), adjoining which, on the outside, is a narrow wave, paler than the ground colour of the wing, the terminal por- tion of the wing being duller coloured than the disc, and irrorated in both sexes towards the hinder angle with brown scales. Hind wings entire along the outer margin, with a nearly straight dusky striga running across the centre a short distance preceding the vitreous lu- nule, with a slender waved lilacy-brown striga half way between the lunule and the outer margin, and with a series of submarginal brown curved streaks, followed by patches of flesh-coloured scales. On the underside the male has the wings chestnut-grey, the disc more strongly suffused with red, with the striga and waved lines of the 164 upper side slightly indicated ; the female on the underside is greyish buff slightly shaded with brown, especially in the middle, with the dark markings of the upper side slightly indicated, the legs flesh- coloured. The antenne of the male are short and about 26-jointed, each of the joints (except two or three at the tip) emitting four long branches. The female antenne are 25-jointed, each joint emitting a short brauch on each side at its extremity. The female has the branches of the antennze shorter than those of the male. Saturnia Janerra, Westw. (Pl. XXXIII. fig. 3.) S. alis an- ticis apice acuminatis brunneo-ferrugineis, striga sub-basali in- terrupta lutescenti, ocello fusco luteo-annulato strigaque nigra e medio marginis interni ad apicem extensa ; posticis supra casta- neo-rufis, margine postico fusco ocello magno concolori maculam ovalem nigram includente fulvoque extus annulato. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 32. Hab. apud Rio Janeiro, Brasiliz. . In Museo Britannico. This species is at once distinguished by the singularly acute fal- cated form of the fore wings, which peculiarity is probably less strongly marked in the female; supposing as I do that the unique specimen in the British Museum is a male, although the compara- tively narrow antennz might seem to indicate the opposite sex. The fore wings on the upper side are dark rich red-brown, the apical mar- gin being dark ashy. They are marked near the base with a much- interrupted and slightly-indicated luteous striga; in the middle is a moderate sized oval ocellus, dark brown, surrounded by a slender ring of pale luteous scales, and with a very small greyish white lu- nule in the middle; beyond the ocellus is a regular black line run- ning from the apex to a little beyond the middle of the inner mar- gin, where it is marked with a few pale scales. Hind wings on the upper side rich chestnut-red, with the outer margin brown, and clothed with brown hairs along the anal margin; in the middle is a large ring of black, outside of which is a slender circle of fulvous scales, and in the centre is a rather small oval black spot crowned with a slight white lunule. On the under side the wings are dark fulvous-red, with a dusky apical margin, the fore wings with a black central circular spot inclosing a white dot, and the hind wings with a minute white transverse dot visible on the upper side in the centre of the large ocellus. The antennz are short, 26-jointed, each joint (except three or four of the terminal ones) emitting four moderately short branches, gradually shortening towards the tip. This species seems to approach near, if indeed it does not belong to the subgenus Hyperchiria of Hiibner (Verzeichniss, p. 155), Jo, Boisduval, the species of which are especially American. The trans- formations of one of the species (Saturnia Metzli from Mexico) have been recently illustrated by M. Sallé, in the ‘Revue de Zoologie,’ 2nd series, tom. v. (1853) p. 171. pl. 5. Saturnia? Pruro, Westw. S. alis luridis, cinereo-fuscis, fusco badioque transversim subfasciatis, absque ocellis et lunulis vitreis, 165 anticis sub apicem emarginatis ; posticis elongatis et in caudam latam mediocrem extus oblique extensam, productis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 5. Hab. in partibus calidioribus Americze Meridionalis, Venezuela. In Mus. Westw. The general colour of the wings of this species is dark brown, with a purplish leaden kind of gloss; the fore wings are traversed towards the base (which is of a rich chestnut colour) by two nearly straight chestnut fascize, followed by a shorter one of the same colour cover- ing the transverse veinlets at the extremity of the discoidal cell, a short distance beyond which is another straight fascia of the same colour ; half way between which and the tip of the wing are two dull sooty fascize, diffused towards the costa, and condensed in the middle of the wing into two closely approximated strigee ; beyond the outer of these strigee the broad margin of the wing is chestnut-brown, the spaces between the veins being of a greyer tint; the hind wings are of a more uniform brown colour, with a broad darker brown central fascia, and the wide outer margin redder brown, preceded by a grey- ish cloud. The fore wings are somewhat falcate, being truncate at the tip, with a rather deep emargination below the extremity ; the hind wings are elongated, the anal angle rounded off, and the outer margin is produced into a wide tail three quarters of an inch long, extending outwardly ; the outer margin between the tail and the outer angle has two moderately deep and wide emarginations. The body is small and slender, of an uniform greyish brown colour, without a distinctly coloured grey fascia in front of the thorax. The antennze in the only specimen I have seen (which I believe is a female, notwithstanding the slenderness of the body) are rather short, and composed of forty-two short joints, each producing two short pectinations on each side; these pectinations gradually decrease in length from the base to the extremity, where the antenne are quite thin and acute. The palpi are rather broad, and the spiral maxillz are distinct, but very slender and weak. The costal vein of the fore wings extends about three-fifths of the length of the costa; the postcostal vein emits a branch at. about one- third of the length of the wing, which runs close behind the costal and beyond it almost to the tip of the wing; the discoidal cell ex- tends rather more than one-third of the length of the wing; it ter- minates transversely, the postcostal vein emitting a second branch at its anterior termination; this second branch is furcate at a short distance beyond the cell, the upper division of the fork extending to the tip, the lower division to the outer margin below the tip, and the postcostal itself extending to the upper angle of the emargination be- low the apical truncature of the wing; the transverse vein closing. the discoidal cell emits a vein from its centre, and joins the third branch of the median vein at a short distance beyond its origin; the hind wings have the branches of the median vein arising near the anal margin of the wing, and the discoidal cell is closed by a very oblique veinlet, which emits a vein above its middle, which vein extends to the anterior extremity of the tail of these wings. 166 SaTuRNIA Tuipeta, Westw. S. alis anticis flavis, squamis gri- seis, presertim pone medium, variegatis, striga angusta valde ob- liqua prope basin; omnibus ocello fere equali, ovali, medio, extus fulvo, puncto nigro incluso ; pone medium lineis duabus contiguis valde undulatis, macula parva nigra obliqua strigaque carnea ob- liqua contigua, subapicalibus ; posticis basi subcarneo, medio flavo variegatis, striga arcuata inter basin et medium lineisque tribus obscurioribus pone ocellum, fascia lata submarginali griseo-fusca lunulisque fulvis externis. 3 Expans. alar. antic. une. 5. Hab. Thibet. In Mus. Westwood. This species is closely allied to the Sat. Simla, Westw., figured in the ‘ Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,’ pl. 20. fig. 1, but differs both in the colour and the position of the markings. The fore wings are yellow, much varied with grey scales, especially at the base of the costa and beyond the middle: at a short distance from the base a slender red striga runs very obliquely across the wing. In the middle of all the wings is a moderate-sized oval ocellus, with a small black dot in the middle, marked on its inner edge with a curved white line, the outer part being liver-coloured, edged with a black rg. Out- side the ocellus the wings bear a darker fulvous, ill-defined, very ob- lique fascia, followed by two slender very strongly undulating dark lines ; the undulations being much stronger towards the tip of the wing, where the outer one is connected with a white curved line, like a U, which ends on the costa in an oval black patch, and is bounded on its outside by a slender rich red-brown line ; parallel and near the apical margin is an interrupted slender black striga, followed by a row of submarginal fulvous oblong spots. The ocellus of the hind wings is preceded by a curved dark brown line, and is followed by three slender very much undulated lines, the two next the ocellus being chestnut and the outer one black ; beyond the last is a broad greyish fascia edged outwardly with a slender interrupted black line, followed by a row of fulvous oblong sublunulated spots. Beneath the wings are similarly marked but more uniformly coloured, being ful- vous buff without the grey scales. The antennze are about 32-jointed, each joint emitting two branches on each side, the branches of the:central jomts bemg moderately elongate and gradually diminishing in length to the tip of the an- tenne. The body, legs and antennz are fulvous yellow, the front of the thorax with a grey band. Saturnia Menyvitxa, Westw. S. alis sulphureo-fulvis, anticis versus basin obscure angulato-fasciatis ocello parvo medio rotun- dato in medio vitreo carneo bicingulato, fascia lata subcinerea intus striga undata fusco-ferruginea et extus serie macularum ejusdem coloris inclusa; posticis ocello minimo ceco carneo, fascia subcinerea versus costam obliterata similiter inclusa. 3g Expans. alar. maris unc. 44. Hab. in Melville Island. In Mus. Hope. This species agrees in the general orange colour of its wings with 167 S. Lavendera, as well as in the small size of the round ocelli in the middle of all the wings; but the slightly ashy fascia on the wings, between the ocellus and the apical margin, is much more uniform in width and nearly straight ; the fore wings are slightly but acutely hooked at the tips; the fore margin is ashy coloured, as is also the fore margin of the thorax ; in the middle of the discoidal cell is a scarcely distinct light-brown angulated fascia, which is continued (although much nearer the base) across the wing to the inner mar- gin, being also angulated in this portion; in the middle of the wing is a small round ocellus, the centre being vitreous, edged with bright red, succeeded by a ring of buff, which is surrounded by another slender ring of red; at a short distance beyond the ocellus is a red- dish brown undulated striga running across the wing, nearly parallel with the apical margin, the waves following the same direction as in S. Lavendera, and not as in S. Jorulla; this striga forms the inner margin of a moderately wide greyish fulvous space, which is inclosed on its outside by a corresponding row of reddish brown lunular spots, the one next the costa being the widest ; the moderately wide apical margin is uniformly pale orange. The hind wings have a very indi- stinct curved fascia at some distance from the base, darkest next the anal margin, as is the case with the other markings of these wings. The central ocellus is not above half the size of that of the fore wings ; the centre consists of a small round bright claret-red dot inclosed within an orange ring, and this within a very fine red one. ‘This is followed by a rather strongly dentated striga of reddish brown, fol- lowed by a row of small lunular spots of the same colour, the inclosed space being irrorated with grey atoms. The antennz are fulvous-red and broadly feathered. 5. OBSERVATIONS SUR LES ANIMAUX DE QUELQUES GENRES pe Moxuiusaves ACkPHALES (CHAMOSTREA, GLAUCONOME, Circe AND Capsa). Par G. P. DesHayes. (Mollusca, Pl. X XI.) Genus CuamostrEA, De Roissy. (Pl. XXI. figs. 4-7.) (Cleidotherus, Stutchbury.) Animal irrégulier, enveloppé d’un manteau mince bordé d’un muscle orbiculaire étroit ; les bords simples joints dans presque toute la circonférence ; une trés petite ouverture antérieure située 4 langle antérieur et inférieur du manteau un peu au dessous de lextrémité du muscle adducteur antérieur ; deux siphons postérieurs dépassant & peine les bords du manteau; ils sont un peu comprimés et en- titrement séparés; leur bord terminal est simple; deux muscles adducteurs trés inégaux, l’antérieur trés long, trés étroit, occupant presque toute la hauteur du cété antérieur de Panimal ; muscle pos- térieur plus court et plus épais ; pied petit, comprimé, linguiforme ; bouche trés petite, accompagnée de quatre petites palpes labiales 168 étroites, courtes, pointues, triangulaires. Une seule branchie de chaque coté du corps ; elle est fort épaisse, transverse, un peu oblique, divisée en deux parties inégales par un sillon; elles embrassent la masse abdominale et le pied contract¢; l’osselet appendiculaire de la charnitre compris dans |’épaisseur du manteau et des organes abdo- minaux. Le genre Chamostrea indiqué par de Roissy a été caractérisé d’une manitre plus précise par Blainville dans son Traité de Malacologie ; quelques années plus tard Mr. Stutchbury en donna de nouveau une description plus complete, et imposa au genre un nom sous lequel il a été plus généralement connu, celui de Cleidotherus. La coquille, type du genre, ayant offert dans la charniére, ce fait remarquable d’un osselet isolé fixé par le ligament, attira l’attention des naturalistes, et presque tous, frappés d’une telle particularité, se laissérent entrainer a classer le genre, non d’aprés l’ensemble des caractéres comme le prescrivent les régles de la science, mais d’aprés un seul a l’exclusion des autres. La Camostrée 1’ est pas la seule coquille dans la charnitre de laquelle on rencontre un osselet calcaire attaché au ligament. Mr. Turton le premier, dans son bel ouvrage sur les Coquilles bivalves de l’ Angle- terre, fit voir dans son genre Lyonsia un petit osselet quadrangulaire, aplati, fixé au ligament interne entre deux petits cuillerons écartés. Deux ans plus tard nous faisions la méme observation sans connaitre encore louvrage du savant que nous venons de citer, et nous propo- sions la famille des Ostéodesmes, dans laquelle nous infroduisions les genres Thracia, Leach, Anatina, Lamarck, Periploma, Schumacher, Lyonsia, Turton, 4 coté duquel nous avons laissé notre genre Osteo- desma pour des Lyonsia équivalves peu réguliéres et fort baillantes en arriére. Cette famille, fondée sur l'ensemble des caractéres des animaux et de leur coquille, ne pouvait d’aprés nous recevoir d’autres genres, et lorsque les genres Myodora et Mera furent plus complétement con- nus, quoiqu’ils eussent un osselet 4 la charnitre, ils ne furent point admis dans la famille des Ost¢éodesmes ; cependant d’autres conchy- hiologues les y avaient rangés. La connaissance des deux genres dont nous venons de parler, nous porta a penser que la présence de l’osselet cardinal, n’est point lindice d’une organisation semblable, et n’en- traine pas nécessairement dans un méme groupe tous les genres qui offrent ce caractére. Si pour nous les Myodora ne sont pas des Ostéodesmes, & plus forte raison les Chamostrea et les Myochama, ce dernier genre avec sa coquille irrégulitre, ne peut cependant s’éloigner beaucoup de la famille des Ostéodesmes, parceque l’animal est pourvu de deux siphons assez longs, pour lesquels existe un muscle rétracteur qui laisse son empreinte sur la coquille. AVégard du genre Chamostrea jamais nous ne l’avons admis, comme tant d’autres conchyliologues, dans la famille des Ostéodesmes ; il nous a toujours paru plus rapproché des Cames, et c’est dans la fa- mille des Camacées de Lamarck que nous l’avons récemment placé. La forme irrégulitre de la coquille, la manitre de s’attacher aux rochers, les impressions musculaires, et celle du manteau indiquaient 169 chez l’animal des meeurs semblables a celles des Cames, et par con- séquent une organisation analogue. Les caractéres que je viens d’exposer de l’animal du Chamostrea prouvent que j’avais placé ce genre dans ses rapports les plus naturels. Les Cames en effet sont des animaux irréguliers qui ont trois ouver- tures au manteau; l’ouverture antérieure est la plus grande, et les siphons sont trés courts, presque reduits 4 de simples perforations*. Voila les différences extérieures les plus considérables. Quant aux organes plus profondément cachés ils présentent aussi dans les deux genres quelques différences importantes ; ainsi le pied des Cames est cylindracé, coudé vers son extrémité; il rappelle par la un peu et de loin celui des Cardium; dans les Chamostrea cet organe est trés petit, comprimé, linguiforme; les palpes de la bouche sont plus petites dans les Camostrées que dans les Cames, mais les branchies sont presque semblables dans les deux genres, un seul feuillet branchial épais tombant de chaque cété du corps, et enveloppant non seulement la masse abdominale, mais encore le pied lorsqu’i] est contracté. De ce qui précéde nous concluons :— 1. La présence de l’osselet dans la charniére d’une coquille bivalve est une caractére qui peut se reproduire dans des familles fort dloignées par leur organisation. 2. Le genre Chamostrea doit venir se ranger dans la famille des Cames de Lamarck, ou constituer 4 cété d’elle une petite famille distincte, fondée sur ce triple caractére d’une coquille 4 osselet car- dinal, d’un animal 4 manteau presque complétement fermé, et portant un pied comprimé et linguiforme. Genus GLAUCONOME, Gray. (Pl. XXI. fig. 2.) x Animal ovale, oblong, transverse, 4 manteau mince; muscle or- biculaire du manteau assez large et peu épais; bords simples, mem- braneux, portant 4 lintérieur une double lévre trés courte ; les lobes du manteau soudés dans la moitié postérieure de leur longueur ; si- phons alongés, réunis dans toute leur longueur, un peu comprimés de chaque cété, inégaux en diamétre, et un peu inégaux en longueur ; le siphon branchial plus large et plus long, garni sur son bord d’un rang de tentacules courts et cyliadracés ; ouverture du siphon anal simple. Muscles adducteurs des valves petits et fort écartés: pied petit, aplati, sublancéolé. Bouche petite ; palpes labiales trés grandes, ovales, lancéolées, paraissant lisses en leur face interne, quoique cou- vertes de stries transverses extrémement fines et obsolétes. Branchies trés inégales, presque lisses ou 4 peine plissées ; la branchie interne trés alongée, assez large, trapézoidale, termindée en pointe du cété pos- térieur ; branchie externe trés petite, prés de moitié plus courte et plus étroite. J’ai vu deux espéces qui offrent exactement les mémes caractéres. Institué par Mr. Gray dans le premier fascicule de ses Spicilegia Zoologica le genre Glauconome a été adopté par tous les conchylio- logues. Il devait en étre ainsi, car les coquilles qu’il renferme ont * Dans les Chamostrea l’ouverture antérieure est presque nulle, mais les siphons ~ sont un peu plus longs. 170 des caractéres trés distincts, parfaitement appréciés par le savant auteur de la nouvelle coupe générique. En présence des caractéres assez ambigus de la coquille, il était presque impossible aux zoologistes d’avoir une seule opinion au sujet du classement du genre dans la méthode, aussi on pourrait le dire sans trop d’exagération que chacun se laissa guider par sa propre inspiration. Pour faire cesser l’incerti- tude il fallait étudier l’animal qui jusqu’ici est resté inconnu. En examinant la riche collection de mollusques conservés dans Palcool que posstde Mr. Cuming, il me montra plusieurs individus trés bien conservés de deux espéces de Glauconome, et grace a I esprit éclairé de ce conchyliologue distingué, il comprit l’intérét scientifique des recherches que je me proposais de tenter, et il consentit 4 m’aban- donner plusieurs individus de sa collection. TI] s’agissait en effet de savoir si les Glawconome avoisinait les Venus, comme le pensent le plus grand nombre, ou s’il se rapproche des Solen comme le croyait quelques classificateurs. I] est actuellement évident par les carac- téres que nous venons d’exposer, que le genre dont nous nous occu- pons n’appartient par aucun caractére au groupe des Vénéridées. Si il existe dans cette famille des genres chez lesquels les siphons sont réunis (Dosinia, Clementia et Chione), tous sans exception ont les lobes du manteau désunis dans toute la longueur du bord inférieur. Chez ces genres les siphons étant d’une longueur relativement mé- diocre, la sinuosité palléale est généralement large et courte ; dans les Glauconome au contraire cette impression est ¢troite et trés profonde, ce qui annonce des siphons longs et gréles comme ceux des Tellines ou des Psammobies ; cependant ce n’est pas a ce groupe qu’appar- tiennent les Glauconome, leurs siphons sont longs, mais ils sont réunis, tandis que la famille des Tellinzdes est caractérisée par des siphons longs mais désunis dans toute leur longueur. I] faut done chercher ailleurs les rapports naturels des Glauconome ; nous trouvons dans la famille des Solens quelques mollusques qui ont une véritable ana- logie avec celui qui nous occupe, mais tous les Solénacés sont carac- térisés par le dévéloppement considérable de lorgane locomoteur ; dans les Glauconome au contraire cet organe est fort petit, et il se rapproche infiniment plus de celui des Lutraires. En considérant dans leur ensemble les caractéres des deux genres on leur trouve la plus grande somme de ressemblances ; il n’est pas 4 dire pour cela que les Glauconome soit pour nous des Lutraires, chaque genre con- serve des caractéres propres et constituent des familles distinctes, mais ils ne peuvent étre trés dloignés l’ un de l’autre dans une méthode naturelle. Les Glauconome comme les Lutraires ont les lobes du manteau réunis dans la moitié au moins de la longuenr du bord inférieur ; comme dans les Lutraires les siphons sont fort longs et réunis dans toute leur longueur, seulement ils sont plus gréles dans les Glauco- nome. Le pied a une forme semblable dans les deux genres, plus long en proportion dans les Lué¢razres, mais dans ce dernier genre les palpes labiales sont trés longues, étroites, pointues, les branchies sont étroites et trés alongées surtout en arriére; ces organes importants sont plus larges et autrement disposés dans les Glauconome. Si Yon 171 veut faire entrer aussi pour quelque chose les caractéres des coquilles dans la distribution des genres et des familles, on arrivera facilement cette conséquence,—que si les deux genres que nous venons de compa- rer ont des ressemblances, ils offrent aussi des differences qui justifient pour eux la création de deux familles distinctes mais peu dloignées. Genus CLeMENTIA (C. papyracea). (Pl. XXI. fig. 1.) Animal ovale, ayant le manteau mince, épaissi sur le bord par le muscle orbiculaire; le bord simple, sans tentacules, bilabié a l’inté- rieur; ouverture palléale grande, s’étendant du muscle adducteur antérieur 4 la base des siphons. Siphons gréles, réunis dans toute leur longueur, coniques, aplatis latéralement, inégaux en diamétre, distincts au dehors par une ligne déprimée, terminés par une ouver- ture petite et simple ; une valvule membraneuse simple et transverse devant l’ouverture interne du siphon branchial; pied petit, subqua- drangulaire, comprimé, un peu alongé en avant. Bouche petite ; palpes labiales inégales, alongées, triangulaires, trés finement lamel- leuses 4 leur face interne ; branchies petites, trés inégales, obliques, le feuillet interne le plus grand, subquadrangulaire et presque entiére- ment découvert ; feuillet externe trapézoidale, attaché par le milieu de sa surface. Le genre Clementia a été eréé par Mr. Gray pour une coquille singuli¢re rapportée généralement a la famille des Venus; elle en offre les caractéres les plus essentiels, seulement contrairement aux autres Venus, le test reste mince, fragile et sans couleur. En exa- minant Vintérieur des valves on y apercoit un grand sinus palléale triangulaire obliquement ascendant comme dans le plus grand nombre des Dosinia (Artemis, Poli); ce caractére nous faisait soupconner que dans l’animal des Clementia les siphons devaient étre réunis : c’est en effet ce quia lieu. Ainsi que nous venons de le voir par la description de son animal, le genre Clementia a tous les caractéres des autres Vénéridées ; mais de tous les genres de ce groupe c’est des Dosinia qu’il se rapproche le plus, et c’est 4 leur suite qu'il doit venir dans un arrangement naturel de la famille. Sans doute les caractéres des Dosinia et des Clementia ont beaucoup d’analogie, ils prouvent que ces mollusques dépendent d’une méme famille, mais ils different assez entre eux pour justifier leur séparation comme genres. Nous ne terminerons pas sans ajouter que nous devons la connais- sance de l’animal du genre Clementia a la libéralité de Mr. Cuming, qui le premier en a rapporté de beaux exemplaires de son voyage aux Philippines. C’est également 4 cet amateur zélé des sciences con- chyliologiques que nous sommes redevables de la connaissance de Yanimal des Circe et de celui des Capses, sur lesquels nous croyons utiles de donner quelques renseignements. Genus Circe, Schum. (Pl. XXI. fig. 3.) Le genre Circe de Schumacher renferme des coquilles semblables a celles des autres Cythérées, avec cette seule différence, que limpres- sion palléale est simple et non sinueuse en arritre comme dans les 172 Cythérées proprement dites. I] s’agissait de savoir si au point de vue de l’organisation des animaux, ce caractére des coquilles avait une valeur réelle; l’examen des animaux pouvait seul faire cesser le doute, et nous nous sommes empressé de profiter de la collection de Mr. Cuming pour faire l’anatomie de plusieurs espéces de Circe apparte- nant aux deux principaux groupes du genre (Circe scripta, Linn. et C. testudinalis, Chemnitz). Ces animaux ne différent en rien de celui des Meretrix ; le manteau est ouvert dans toute la longueur du bord inférieur, il est pourvu en arriére de deux siphons courts et désunis (du moins dans l'état de violente contraction), le pied est linguiforme, aplati, il est semblable 4 celui des Venus et des Cythérées ; il en est de méme des palpes et des branchies. De cette identité, parfaitement constatée pour nous, entre les Meretrix et les Circe, nous concluons que ce dernier genre doit rentrer dans le premier 4 titre de simple division ; en réunissant les espéces des deux groupes on voit s’établir entre elles une transition insensible dans la transformation des formes extérieures. Genus Capsa, Brug. Le genre Capse de Bruguiére, non de Lamarck, eréé pour le Venus deflorata de Linmé, a été récemment placé par Mr. Gray dans la famille des Vénéridées, puis, plus récemment encore, séparé en une petite famille distincte par le méme naturaliste ; il transporte cette nouvelle famille dans le voisinage de celle des Tellines. Pour nous, depuis longtems les Capses nous paraissaient beaucoup plus voisines des Psammobies, mais il fallait étudier animal pour décider défini- tivement de la place qu'il doit occuper dans la série méthodique. Il résulte de nos observations que l’animal du Capsa deflorata ne dif- fere en rien d’essentiel de celui des Psammobies; il est méme permis de douter si le genre Capse devra rester dans une méthode ou les coupures génériques sont fondées sur des caractéres d’ une égale importance. EXPLICATION DES FIGURES. Px, XXI. Fig. 1. Clementia papyracea, Gray. aa, muscle orbiculaire du manteau; 3, les siphons; c¢, ouverture du siphon branchial; d, ouverture du siphon anal; g, le pied; h, le muscle adducteur antérieur; 7, muscle adducteur postérieur; j, les palpes labiales; %, feuillet branchial interne; 2, feuillet branchial externe ; m, muscle rétracteur des siphons. Fig. 2. Glauconome Cerea, Reeve. (Les mémes lettres désignent les parties sem- blables a celles de la figure précédente ; il faut ajouter) c, f, ouverture interne des siphons et 1’éperon qui les sépare; a’, commissure du man- teau au point ou les lobes se réunissent. Fig. 3. Circe divaricata, Chemn. aa, le manteau appliqué sur la surface interne de la coquille; a’, commissure du manteau; 4, base des siphons cachée par l’appendice postérieur du manteau; c, siphon branchial; d, siphon anal. (Les autres lettres comme dans les figures précédentes.) Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. Chamostrea albida, Desh. Fig. 4. Animal entier auquel manque la partie centrale et membraneuse du man- teau. aa, muscle orbiculaire du manteau; 4, portion membraneuse; c, point ow sont situés les siphons; d, muscle adducteur antérieur des Proc. Z.S. Mollusca rein Jp. Lemercier, Paris 1 Clementié papyracea,, Cray. 5, Circe divaricata Chemn i 2. Glauconome Cerea Heeve £6.61 Chamostrea albida Desh. WiWing adnax ith, hig. 1_2. Metula Cumingn. 3. Fipponyx granulata. Yanicoro Quoyana. Holeostoma Setigerum. rt e amidelle. subulata. 7 Harpa striatula Tig. 9-10 Harpa sohdula. \_12. Fofsar bicarimatus. 13. F. Ss reticulatus. 14 Colinapupiformis. 15. Chemnitziavaricosa. Printed by Hullmandel & Walton. A.Adams. 173 valves; e, muscle adducteur postérieur; 7, le pied; g, les palpes labiales ; h, les branchies. Fig. 5. L’animal un peu grossi. a@, lambeau du manteau; 4, portion du muscle orbiculaire ; ¢c, partie du muscle antérieur ; d, le muscle postérieur ; e, le pied; jf, la masse abdominale; g, les palpes labiales; h, surface interne des branchies ; i, 7, extrémité postérieure des branchies. Fig. 6. Bord postérieur du manteau montrant les siphons. a, portion du muscle orbiculaire; 4, ce, bords libres du manteau recouvrant les siphons ; c, d, siphons dans |’état de contraction. Fig. 7. Ouverture du manteau vue al’intérieur. a, 6, portion du muscle orbicu- laire; ce, extrémité du muscle adducteur antérieur; d, ouverture palléale de grandeur naturelle. 6. Descriptions or New SPECIES OF SHELLS, IN THE COLLEC- , TION oF Hueu Cuming, Esa. By Artruur Apams, R.N., F.L.S. etc. (Mollusca, Pl. XX.) Harra striAtTuLa, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. figs. 7,8.) H. testa ovato-ventricosa, tenui, spira brevi, apice acuto, lineis rubris et fuscis ziczaciformibus varie picta, costis longitudinalibus angustis, levibus, postice valde aculeatis et undulatis, intersti- tits striis elevatis, longitudinalibus et transversis, conspicue decussatis ; apertura ampla; labio nitido, bimaculoso ; labro tenui, acuto. Hab. ——? Mus. Cuming. A thin, light, ventricose species, with strongly aculeate ribs, and the interstices conspicuously striated. Harpa sotrpua, A. Adams. (PI. XX. figs. 9, 10.) H. testa ovato-ventricosa, solida, crassa, nitida, spira brevi, apice acuto, roseo, fascia lata fusca transversa, et lineis rufo-fuscis undu- latis varie picta, costis longitudinalibus crassis, postice acu- leatis, lineis fuscis, transversis ornatis; apertura elongato- ovali; labio callo nitido, incrassato obtecto ; labro crasso. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This is a thick solid species, less elongated than H. minor, and with much thicker ribs. Meruta Cuminen, A. Adams. (PI. XX. figs. 1,2.) M. testa ovato-fusiformi, spira subacuta, apice cancellato, fulvescente, castaneo-nebulosa, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim striata, striis antice distinctioribus, plicis crassis, postice crenulatis, antice evanidis ; apertura angusta, utrinque coarctata, antice subcanaliculata, intus aurantiaca; labio callo crasso, circum- scripto; labro margine acuto, crenulato, extus valde incras- sato, intus transversim lirato. Hab. West coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming. The discovery of this shell forms an interesting addition to the little-known genus Metula, which is probably an African type, and 174 an inhabitant of deep water. The species here described is of a much more ovate form than those already known, and is only cancellated near the apex of the spire. The circumscribed inner lip and mitri- form appearance will at once mark the genus Metula. Hoxcostoma. (Nov. gen.) Shell ovate, thin, spire short, acuminate ; suture channelled ; aper- ture obpyriform, posteriorly canaliculated, anteriorly emarginate ; columella areuated, smooth, with a posterior callosity ; outer lip ex- panded, the margin everted, posteriorly free and ascending on the body-whorl. This peculiar form, which we have here characterized as generic, most resembles Planaais in texture and general character, but is at once distinguished from that genus by its short channelled spire, by the peculiar form of the aperture, and by the solution of the peri- treme at the junction of the outer lip and last whorl. Howcostoma seticeruM, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 5.) H. testa ovata, semipellucida, fusco-cinerea, fascia lata, lutescente, et linea angusta, rufo-fusca ornata, transversim sulcata, sulcis setis aureolis, elongatis, epidermicis, in seriebus transversis dispositis ornatis. Hab. Mauritius. Mus. Cuming. The surface is beautifully ornamented with long golden bristles, arranged in transverse rows. Morvum xantuostoma, A. Adams. WM. testa oblonga, subcylin- drico-conoidali, spira depressa, complanata, nigro alboque varie- gata, dorso tuberculis rotundatis in seriebus quinque dispositis; apertura angusta, intus lutea; labio granuloso, expanso; labro extus incrassato, recto, antice inclinato, intus valde dentato- lirato. Hab. Galapagos Archipelago. Mus. Cuming. Oniscia tuberculata, Sow., var. a, Reeve, Conch. Syst. This species, which has been confounded with M. tuberculatum of Sowerby, figured in the ‘Genera’ of that author, and twice figured as a variety of that species by Mr. Reeve, is at once distinguished by its conoid form, yellow aperture, and flattened spire, characters which are constant and specific. I have used the name Morum as restricted to the tubercular species of the genus Oniscia. Vanicoro ruGATA, A. Adams. VJ. testa orbiculato-ovata, sub- globosa, crassa, albida, spira subproducta, longitudinaliter valde plicata, anfractu ultimo plicis irregularibus, longitudinalibus et liris subgranulosis, transversis, prominentibus decussata ; aper- tura rotundato-ovali ; labio arcuato, postice et antice dilatato; umbilico mediocri ; canali subpatulo, arcuato. Hab. 2 175 This species somewhat resembles V. Petitiana, Recluz, in sculp- ture, but is of a different form, and the spire is elevated. Vanicoro Quoyr1ana, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 4.) V. testa parva, solida, subglobosa, ovata, alba, spira parva, depressa, costis longitudinalibus, crassis, remotis, et liris elevatis, trans- versis valde clathrata, interstitiis transversim striatis ; aper- tura semiovata ; columella recta, postice expansa, antice sub- dilatata ; umbilico profundo ; canali subangusto, arcuato. Hab. Chusan (Benson). A smal], widely clathrated species, most nearly resembling in sculpture V’. clathrata, Recluz, but it is very solid, and deeply pitted throughout. Puos ricatus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusiformi, rufo-fusca, albido variegata, spira acuminata, costis subdistantibus, longi- tudinalibus, liris elevatis, transversis decussata; apertura ovali, antice producta; columella antice uniplicata; labro intus lirato, antice sinuato. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This species is of a rust-brown colour, varied with white ; it is fusi- form, and the ribs appear as if crenulated, owing to the decussation of the transverse ridges. - Puos puiicatus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-turrita, spira acu- minata, pallide fusca, anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio an- gulatis, costis crassis, longitudinalibus, et liris elevatis trans- versis (ad costas tuberculatis) ornata, costis, prope labrum, confertis, frequentibus; apertura ovata; columella transversim corrugato-plicata, antice fusco maculata; labro margine rufo- SCO. Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. Collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Samarang. Puos ritosus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusiformi, spira acu- minata, fulvescente, costis longitudinalibus, prominentibus, liris angustis, rufo-fuscis, transversis, elevatis, (ad costas nodulosis) ornata; apertura ovata, antice producta; columella uniplicata ; labro simplici, intus lirato. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This species resembles, in some particulars, the Phos retecosus of Hinds ; it may possibly be the same in a young state. Puos rascratus, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-fusiformi, spira acuminata, albida, rufo-variegata, anfractibus convexiusculis, fascia rufo-cinerea cinctis, ad suturas rubro cinctis, costis pli- ciformibus, longitudinalibus, et liris crassis, distantibus, trans- versis valde decussatis; apertura ovali; labio antice triplicata; labro intus albo lirato. Hab. Philippine Islands. Mus. Cuming. A very pretty, banded species, of distinct form and sculpture. 176 Couina. (Nov. gen.) Shell elongated, slender, acuminated, tumid in the middle, taper- ing at each end, whorls rounded, longitudinally ribbed, transversely striated ; aperture oval, canal short, recurved; columella oblique, outer lip expanded, reflected. Colina macrostoma, Hinds.—Cerithium macrostoma, Hinds, Zool. Voy. Sulphur. This genus is chiefly known by its being tumid in the middle, and by its expanded outer lip. Coxina puptrormis, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 14.) C. testa elongato-turrita, acuminata, apice truncata, in medio tumida, pallide fulva, anfractibus convexiusculis, in medio subangu- latis, suturis tuberculis moniliformibus, costis longitudinalibus, et liris transversis, elevatis, (ad costas tuberculatis) ornatis, costis in anfractu ultimo obsoletis ; apertura elongato-ovali ; columella obliqua, simplici ; labro antice expanso. Hab. Dumaguete, Philippines. Mus. Cuming. Hipponyx Granuxata, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 3.) H. testa capuliformi, lateribus compressis, apice postico, valde declinato, rufescente, granis albis, oblongis, in seriebus longitudinalibus dispositis, ornata, transversim lineis concentricis subflecuosis striata; basi convexo, antice et postice sinuato ; aperture mar- gine crenulato ; intus rufo-fusca. Hab. West coast of Africa. Mus. Cuming. This curiously-formed species of Hipponyx was attached to the spine of a Cidaris: it forms an oblong testaceous plate with thick- ened edges, and the margin of the aperture is adapted to the semi- cylindrical surface of attachment. At first sight this species has very much the appearance of a Pedicularia. 7. A Monocrarnu or PyRAMIDELLA, A GENUS OF GASTEROPO- pous MoLuusca, BELONGING TO THE FamiILy PyrRAMIDEL- tip&. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S. (Mollusca, Pl. XX.) Genus PyramMIpDELLA, Lamarck. Tentacles auriform, dilated, eyes sessile at their inner bases; mantle with a short anterior siphonal fold; operculum elongate, transverse, subspiral at one end, the columellar margin sinuated. Shell turreted, longitudinally ribbed ; spire elevated, whorls angu- lated, numerous; aperture semioval, anteriorly subcanaliculated ; columella curved, with three plaits, outer lip acute. In this analysis the genus Pyramidella is restricted to the longi- tudinally ribbed species: the smooth ones form the genus Odeliscus. Our information regarding the animal is derived from a specimen 177 of Pyramidella auris-cati, Chemn., preserved in spirits, in the Cu- mingian Collection. The Pyramidelle, according to our observations, conceal them- selves, like the Olive, under small heaps, which they raise ; and they may be traced by the trails they leave behind them in the sand. Pyram. corrugata, Lam., belongs to this genus, but I am un- acquainted with the species. 1. PyRAMIDELLA AURIS-CATI, Chemnitz. Voluta auris-cati, Chemn. Conch.—Pyram. plicata, Lam.; Reeve, Conch. Syst. pl. 207. f. 5, 6.—Voluta spiralis, Rumph. ; Wood.— Pyram. punctata, Wagner.—Pyram. maculosa, Lam.; Sow. Gen. f.3. 7 2. PyRAMIDELLA GLANS, Reeve. Pyramidella glans, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842; Conch. Syst. pl. 207. f. 1. 3. PyrRAMIDELLA MAGNIFICA, Adams & Reeve. Pyramidella magnifica, Adams & Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. pl. 10. f. 1. 4. PyRAMIDELLA miTRALIs, A. Adams. P. testa elongato-pyra- midali, albida, rufo-fusco variegata, anfractibus octo, convexius- culis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis prominentibus, subdistanti- bus, interstitiis transversim liratis ; apertura obliqua, semiovata, antice subcanaliculata, columella plicis tribus, postica magna, transversa, instructa. Hab. St. Estevan, North Ilocos, Isle of Luzon, sand, low water. Mus. Cuming. An elegant, elongated, mitriform species, with prominent longitu- dinal ribs. 5. PyRAMIDELLA PROPINQUA, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-pyra- midali, spira acuminata, submucronata, albida, luteo-fusco varie- gata, anfractibus conveviusculis, longitudinaliter plicalis, plicis prominentibus, distantibus, interstitiis liris transversis ornatis, anfractu ultimo dorso alveolato ; apertura semiovata, antice pro- ducta, subcanaliculata; columella plicis tribus instructa ; labro antice subdilatato. Hab. Reetea, Society Islands, on the reefs. Mus. Cuming. Somewhat resembling P. auris-cati, but differing in the mucronate spire and form of the whorls. 6. PyRAMIDELLA suBuLATA, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 6.) P. testa subulato-pyramidali, umbilicata, vertice mucronato, laevi- gato, pellucido, albida, subnitida, anfractibus planiusculis, longi- tudinaliter costatis, costis levibus, subobliquis, crassis, interstitiis levibus, in medio unipunctatis; apertura obliqua, semielliptica, an- tice producta, subcanaliculata et eversa; columella in medio plica valida instructa. Hab. Sarsogon, province of Albay, Luzon, coarse sand, 4 fathoms. Mus, Cuming. No. CCLIX.—ProceepinGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 178 Remarkable for its subulate form and umbilicus: its styliform apex is formed of transparent nuclear volutions, the first of which is placed as in the genus Chemnitzia. 7. Pyramipetya nitina, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-pyramidali, alba, nitida, anfractibus convewiusculis, longitudinaliter costel- latis, costellis angustis, rectis, subdistantibus, levibus, interstitiis subcrenulatis, anfractu ultimo basi producto; apertura obliqua, semiovata, antice subcanaliculata ; columella plicis tribus, plica antica duplicata, instrucia. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. A small, white, neatly sculptured species, with the anterior colu mellar fold double. 8. PyRAMIDELLA GRAcILIs, A. Adams. P. testa parva, acicu- lato-turrita, albida, nitida, linea fusca supra suturas ornata, an- Fractibus planis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis rectis, distanti- bus, interstitiis levibus ; apertura ovali, antice subcanaliculata; la- bio supra calloso, in medio plica valida instructo. Hab. Loay, isle of Bohol, Philippines, hard clayey mud, 60 fathoms. Mus. Cuming. A small, slender, nearly acicular species, somewhat resembling a Chemnitzia, but with all the generic characters of Pyramidella proper. 9. PyRAMIDELLA VARIEGATA, A. Adams. P. testa elongato- pyramidali, alba, rufo-fusco maculata et variegata, anfractibus septem, planiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis parvis, sub- confertis (interstitia equantibus), interstitiis concinne clathratis; apertura semiovata, obliqua, antice subcanaliculata; columella tri- plicata; labro extus incrassato. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines, 7 fathoms, sandy mud. Mus. Cuming. A pretty variegated species, with small, slightly-elevated, regular longitudinal ribs. 8. CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A MoNOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CHemnitrzia. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S. etc. (Mollusca, Pl. XX.) Genus Cuemnitzia, D’Orbigny. Animal with a broad head, ending in a narrow bilobed snout, fur- nished with a retractile proboscis; tentacles auriform, their inner bases connate ; eyes at the inner sides of their base ; fore part of foot with a prominent fold or mentum; foot short, lanceolate, operculi- gerous lobe with a small conical process on each side. Shell turreted, of many whorls, longitudinally ribbed, apex of the spire with a persistent embryonic sinistral shell forming the summit ; aperture oblong or subquadrate, columella toothless, or with an ob- 179 lique plait, nearly straight ; operculum horny, pyriform, subspiral at one end. In the present list I have restricted the genus Chemnitzia to those species which are longitudinally ribbed, and in which there is no tooth on the columella: when there are teeth, they belong to Pyramidella properly so called. The smooth species with teeth are Obelisci, and those without teeth Hulimelle: the Odostomie are ovate, with a single tooth. 1. CHEMNITZIA ELEGANTISSIMA, Montagu. Turbo elegantissimus, Mont. Test. Brit. vol. ii. p. 298. pl. 10. f. 2. —! Turbo lacteus, Linn.—Turbo acutus, Donov.—Helix elegan- tissima, Maton & Rack.—Turritella elegantissima, Flem.—Melania elegantissima, Forbes.—Parthenia elegantissima, Lowe.—Eulima elegantissima, Macgill.— Pyramis elegantissima, Brown. — Odosto- mia lactea, Jeff.—Chemnitzia elegantissima, Phil.—Chemn. gracilis, Phil.—Chemn. pusilla, Phil. Hab. British Islands and Mediterranean. 2. CHEMNITZIA FORMOSA, Jeffreys. Odostomia formosa, Jeff. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 1848, vol. ii. p. 347. Hab. Britain. 3. CuEemnitzia RUFA, Philippi. Melania rufa, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 158. pl. 9. f. 7.— ? Turbo similis, Mont.—Turriteila fulvocincta, Thomson.—Parthe- nia crenata, Lowe.—Pyramis crenatus, Brown.—Chemnitzia fulvo- cineta, Alder.—Odostomia rufa, Jeffreys. Hab. British Islands and Mediterranean. 4. CHEMNITZIA FENESTRATA, Forbes and Jeffreys. Odostomia fenestrata, Jeff. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol, ii. p. 345. Hab. British Islands. 5. CHEMNITZIA SCALARIS, Philippi. Melania scalaris, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p.157. pl. 9. f. 9. —Odostomia scalaris, Jeffreys. Hab. British Islands and Mediterranean. Mus. Cuming. 6. @HEMNITZIA RUFESCENS, Forbes. Turritella indistincta, Fleming, Brit. Anim. p. 304.—Odostomia scalaris, Jeffreys. Hab. British Islands. Mus. Cuming. 7. CHEMNITZIA INTERRUPTA, Totten. Turritella interrupta, Totten. Hab. United States. Mus. Cuming. 8. CaeMNITZIA INDISsTINCTA, Montagu. Turbo indistinctus, Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl. p. 129.—Turritella 180 truncata, Flem.—Terebra formosa, Bean.—Pyramis indistinctus, Brown.—Chemnitzia curvicostata, Searles Wood.—Odostomia indi- stincta, Jeffreys. Hab. British Islands. 9. CHEMNITZIA CLATHRATA, Jeffreys. Odostomia clathrata, Jeff. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. ii. p. 345. Hab. British Islands. Mus. Cuming. 10. CHEMNITZIA OBLIQUATA, Philippi. Chemnitzia obliquata, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 137. tab. 24. f. 10. Hab. Mediterranean. 11. CHEMNITZIA PALLIDA, Philippi. Chemnitzia pallida, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 136. vol. i. p- 157. tab. 9. f. 8.—Melania pallida, Phil. Hab. Mediterranean. 12. CHEMNITZIA DENSECOsTATA, Philippi. Chemnitzia densecostata, Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 137. tab. 24. f. 9. Hab. Mediterranean. 13. CHEMNITZIA TURRITELLA, Pfeiffer. Parthenia turritella, Pfeiff. Hab. Cuba. Mus. Cuming. 14, CHEMNITZIA GRANDIs, Adams and Reeve. Chemnitzia grandis, Adams & Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, Moll. p. 52. tab. 11817, Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. 15. Caemnitzsa costutata, Mighels. Turritella costulata, Mighels, Bost. Journ. Hab. United States. 16. CHEMNITZIA TRILINEATA, A. Adams. C. testa aciculata, turrita, fusca, anfractibus planulatis, lineis tribus fuscis ornata, costis rectis, transversim striatis, interstitiis lineis transversis, angustatis, ornatis; apertura ovali; columella curvata.—Long. 2 poll. Hes. Caplan, deep water (Dr. Gardner). Mus. Cuming. The three bands and striated ribs will distinguish this species: the sculpture is much finer than in Chemn. lirata, from the same island. 17. CuemnitziA Bonoxensis, A. Adams. C. testa subulato- cylindracea, pallide fusea, anfractibus rotundatis, costis fleruosis, simplicibus, subconfertis, interstitiis (sub lente) transversim stria- tis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella recta.—Long. 4 poll. Hat. Island of Bohol, Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 181 This small species is distinguished from Chemn. cornea by the rounded whorls and straightness of the columella: the ribs are also flexuous. 18. Cuemnirzia urrata, A. Adams. C. testa aciculata, subcy- lindrica, albida, anfractibus planulatis, sutura profunda, costis rectis, distantibus, lineis elevatis, transversis decussatis, inter- stitiis liris transversis, elevatis clathratis, anfractu ultimo sulco transverso ad partem anteriorem ; apertura ovali; columella cur- vata.—Long. + poll. Hab. Ceylon, deep water (Dr. Gardner). Mus. Cuming. The ribs are crossed with coarse raised lines, and the interstices strongly clathrated. 19. CHemMNniTziA corNEA, A. Adams. CC. testa turrito-lanceo- lata, cornea, anfractibus planulatis, costis subrectis, confertis, superne angulatis, interstitiis simplicibus ; apertura ovali; colu- mella incurvata, in medio plica obliqua instructa.—Long. + poll. Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. Chiefly distinguished from Chemn. Boholensis by its large size and flattened whorls: the columella, moreover, is arched, and the aper- ture oval. 20. Cuemnitzia concinNA, A. Adams. C. testa cylindraceo- aciculata, gracili, alba, anfractibus rotundatis, costis rectis, sim- plicibus, subconfertis, interstitiis punctatis; apertura subqua- drata ; columella superne plicata.—Long. 4 in. Hab, Island of Bohol, Philippines, 60 fathoms. Mus. Cuming. This is a small, elongated, semipellucid species, with the ribs pro- minent and the interstices apparently punctate, owing to spiral trans- verse lines. 21. Cuemnirzia Fusca, A. Adams. (C. testa turrito-lanceolata, nitida, rufo-fusca, anfractibus rotundatis, superne subangulatis, sutura profunda, costis angustis, simplicibus, frequentibus, inter- stitia equantibus, interstitiis levibus ; apertura subquadrata; colu- mella plica obliqua.—Long. + poll. Hab. Port Lincoln. Mus. Cuming. A small, shining, red-brown species, with convex whorls and nume- rous thin ribs. 22. Cuemnirzia varicosa, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig.15.) C. testa magna, turrito-subulata, pallide fusca, fusciis rufis, pallidis or- nata, anfractibus planulatis, varicosis, costis frequentibus, confer- tis, rectis, liris elevatis, transversis decussatis ; interstitiis lineis elevatis, transversis clathratis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella recta, torquata.—Long. 1 poll. Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. A large, thin, brown, decussated species, with a prominent varix on each whorl. 23. CHEMNITZIA CANDIDA, A. Adams. C. testa turrita, subu- lata, candida, anfractibus convexiusculis, costis simplicibus, flexuo- 182 sis, rotundis, confertis, postice prope suturam tuberculatis, inter- stitiis levissimis, anfractu ultimo subangulato, basi conveaiuscula, levi; apertura subquadrata ; columella recta, superne flecuosa.— Long. + poll. Hab. Japan? Mus. Cuming. An elegant white species, somewhat pyramidal in form, and with simple sculpture. 24. Curmnirzia acicuLaris, A. Adams. C. testa cylindraceo- aciculata, alba, anfractibus planulatis, costis rectis, simplicibus, distantibus, interstitiis levissimis ; apertura subquadrata ; colu- mella recta, oblique plicata.—Long. + in. Hab. Loay, island of Bohol, hard clayey sand, 60 fathoms. Mus. Cuming. A small acicular species, with the ribs wide apart and the inter- stices plain. 9. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF GASTEROPO- pous Motuusca. By Artuur Apams, R.N., F.L.S. 1. HinpstA, n. g. Shell ovately fusiform; spire acuminated ; whorls longitudinally ribbed and cancellated ; aperture ending anteriorly in a long recurved canal; inner lip thin, circumscribed, transversely corrugately pli- cated ; outer lip grooved internally. Animal with the tentacles connate at the base; with the eyes near their distal ends ; foot anteriorly produced, ending behind in a sim- ple tail without filament. Operculum horny, ovately unguiform, the margin entire. Obs.—-This genus partakes of the characters of several recognized forms. Its animal, however, differs from that of Triton in the ap- proximated tentacles, with the eyes near their ends, and the ante- riorly produced foot ; from that of Nassa in the tail not being bifur- cated; and from Phos in the absence of the long, single, caudal fila- ment. In its shell, it may be known from Phos by its recurved canal; from Nassa by its circumscribed inner lip and elongated canal ; and from Triton by its want of irregular varices. 1. Hinpsta acuminaTA, Reeve, sp. Triton acuminatus, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton. pl. 14. fig. 54. 2. Hinpsra nivea, Pfeiffer, sp. Triton niveus, Pfeiffer ; Reeve, Conch. Iconica, pl. 17. fig. 75. 3. Hinpsta NAssoipEs, Reeve, sp. Triton nassoides, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton. pl. 20. fig. 96. 4. Hinosta carpuvs, Reeve, sp. Triton carduus, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton, pl.19. fig. 95. 183 5. Hrnpsia eGrect, Reeve, sp. Triton egregius, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Triton. pl. 18. fig. 78. 6. Hinpsta sururauis, A. Adams. H. testa elongate ovata, spira producta, acuminata, alba Susco sparsim nebulosa, anfracti- bus rotundatis, sutura profunde canaliculata, costis longitudinali- bus rotundis (in anf. ultimo novem), lineisque salientibus, trans- versis, in paribus dispositis, decussatis, costis infra suturas pro- ductis et angulate nodosis ; columella varicosa, antice valde pro- ducta; labro intus lirato, canali ad dorsum curvato. Hab. Malacca. (Mus. Cuming.) 7. Hinpsta NopicosraTta, A. Adams. H. testa elongate ovata, acuminata, alba, sparsim fusco maculata, anfractibus rotundatis, costis longitudinalibus, rotundis, (in anfractu ultimo decem,) liris equidistantibus, salientibus, ad costas nodulosis, lineisque elevatis, interpositis, decussatis ; columella transversim corrugato- plicata ; labro intus valde lirato ; canali ad dorsum inclinato. Hab. ? (Mus. Cuming.) 8. Hinpsia BiTtuBpercuLaARis, A. Adams. JH. testa elongate ovata, spira producta, acuminata, rufo-fusca, albocincta, et varie- gata, anfractibus rotundatis, sutura subcanaliculata ; costis lon- gitudinalibus, rotundis, (in anf. ult. duodecim,) lineisque elevatis, e@qualibus, transversis, duabus mediis ad costas elevate tubercula- tis; costis infra suturas rotundatis ; columella transversim cor- rugata, antice producta; labro intus lirato, canali ad dorsum valde curvato. Hab. Philippines ; Sorsogon. (Mus. Cuming.) 9. Hrnpsita varicrrerA, A. Adams. JH. testa ovato-fusiformi, rufescente, albido-varicosa; spira acuminata, anfractibus octo, costis longitudinalibus et liris elevatis transversis (ad costas nodulosis) ornatis ; lateribus varicibus spiraliter dispositis in- structis ; apertura ovali, antice in rostro canaliculato, producto terminata; labio transversim rugoso ; labro extus marginato, in- tus valde sulcato. Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. 2. CycLostrema, Marryat. 1. CycLosTREMA GRANULATA, A. Adams. C. testa orbiculato- depressa, late umbilicata, alba, costis transversis, granulatis, in- fimis subplanulatis, instructa ; anfractu ultimo rotundato ; umbi- lico patulo, perspectivo, callo marginato ; apertura rotundata ; columella sinuata ; labro intus incrassato, subcrenulato. Hab. Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) 3. TEINOSTOMA, 0. g. Animal 2 Operculum 2 Shell orbicular, depressed, subspiral, polished, last whorl rounded at the periphery ; umbilical region covered with a large, flat callo- 184 sity ; aperture transverse, rounded, greatly produced and elongated, ending anteriorly in a slightly canaliculated pomt ; inner lip smooth and callous, not emarginate or truncated, anteriorly ; outer lip thin, simple, not marginated or reflected. 1. Ternostoma pvoxtitum, A. Adams. T. testa alba, glabra, polita, semipellucida, longitudinaliter tenuissime striata, lineis transversis tenuibus decussata. Hab. Sancta Elena, 8 fathoms (H. C.). Mus. Cum. Although but a single species has yet been found, I have made a genus of this singular shell, because I was unable fairly to refer it to any known form. It has resemblances to Cyclope, Camtia and Ro- tella, but agrees with neither. 4. Psrupo.iva, Swainson. Animal 2 Operculum horny, ovate, with imbricated lateral elements. Shell ovate, thick, ventricose ; spire short, acute ; suture slightly channelled ; last whorl with a spiral groove, ending in a notch at the fore-part of the outer lip; columella thickened, with a callosity at the hind part. Gastridia, Sow.—Pseudodactylus, Hermann.—Eburna, sp. Sow. -—Struthiolaria, sp. Gray.—Monoceros, sp. Lea.—Fusus, sp. Lea. 1. PskupDOLIVA PLUMBEA, Chemn. sp. Buccinum plumbeum, Chemn. 188. f. 1806, 1807. 2. PsrupoLiva zTuiops, Reeve, sp. Buccinum ethiops, Reeve, Conch. Iconica, Mon. Buccinum. 3. PsEUDOLIVA SEPIMENTA, Rang, sp. Buccinum sepimentum, Rang, Mag. de Zool. 1832, pl. 18 ; Kiener, Mon. pl. 18. f. 66. 4. Psrupouiva striatuua, A. Adams. P. ¢esta ovata, solida, spira brevi, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter subplicata, transversim creberrime striata, striis confertis ; epidermide Susco tecta; apertura ovali; labio levi subplanulato ; labro intus levi, antice subemarginato. Hab. Africa. (Mus. Cuming.) 5. PsEUDOLIVA .zZEBRINA, A. Adams. P. testa ovata, solida, spira brevi, acuta, albida, lineis longitudinalibus rufo-fuscis or- nata ; anfractu ultimo superne nodoso-plicato, transversim sul- eato ; apertura ovali; labio levi incurvato ; labro intus sulcato. Hab. Africa. (Mus. Cuming.) 6. PsrupOLIvA AUSTRALIS, Sowerby. Eburna australis, Sow. (Mus. Cuming.) 7. Psrupoxiva (STRUTHIOLARIA) MONOCEROS, Gray (mihi ignota). tte 185 8. Psrupoxtiva Kewuuettriz, A. Adams. PP. testa ovata, solida, subperforata, epidermide fusco villoso tecta; spira prominula, anfractibus rotundatis, sutura canaliculata, anfractu ultimo trans- versim sulcato, sulcis postice evanidis, antice valde distinctis, unica profunda, in dente sulcato, ad labrum, terminata; apertura ovali, columella postice callosa, antice flexuosa, producta ; labro postice inflexo, antice sinuato-dentato. Hab. ? I am indebted for this species to Professor Edward Forbes, who, although himself describing the shells collected during the Voyage of the Herald and Pandora, insisted upon my describing this species when he heard I was preparing a monograph of the genus. 5. Pyreuwa, Crist and Jans. PyRGULA CLATHRATA, A. Adams. P. testa turrita, acuminata, alba; anfractibus decem, planulatis, cingulis duabus transversis, costellisque elevatis, longitudinalibus, regulariter clathratis, sutura canaliculata ; anfractu ultimo angulato, cingulis transversis qua- tuor, basi concavo, cingula spirali circa regionem umbilicalem ; apertura subquadrata; columella recta, antice subtruncata, ro- tundata. Hab. Barclayon, Philippines, H.C. North-east Australia, Jukes. This is a beautiful species of a small group belonging to the Me- laniade, of which Melania helvetica, Desh. is the type. PINAXIA, 0. g. Shell conical ; spire short acute. Aperture ovate-oblong, emar- ginate anteriorly. Inner lip flattened, with several transverse plaits in the middle. Outer lip acute, grooved internally. Animal wnknown. Operculum 2 1. Prnaxia cornonatTa, A. Adams. P. testa ovato-conica, auran- tiaca, albo variegata, cingulis transversis elevatis albo-articulatis, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ornata, anfractu ultimo plicis longitudinalibus instructo et postice nodoso-coronato. Hab. Philippines. (Mus. Cuming.) Mr. Cuming collected three specimens of this curious genus du- ring his researches among the Philippines; in form they resemble Imbricaria, in the flattened columella Purpura, and in the posses- sion of plaits T'urbinellus. Oniscta, Sowerby. 1. Ontscra GRANDIS, A. Adams. 0. testa subtrigono-ovata, spira brevi, acuta, anfractibus convezis, albida, sparsim fusco variegata, costis transversis nodosis lineisque longitudinalibus regulariter cancellata, longitudinaliter plicata, plicis tenuibus, lamelliformi- bus, equidistantibus ; labio late expanso, granulato; labro valde reflexo, plicis dentiformibus, equalibus, equidistantibus, munito. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 186 A large species, resembling in general appearance O. cancellata, but distinguished by the spread and flattened inner lip, the longitu- dinal elevated plicze, and the regular plication of the outer lip, which wants the intermediate plicee of O. cancellata. 10. A MonoGrapu or Fossar, A GENUS OF GASTEROPODOUS Mo.tuvusca. By Artruur Apams, F.L.S., R.N. (Mollusca, Pl. XX.) Fossar, Gray. Animal with the head proboscidiform, the tentacles filiform, with a head lobe at their mner bases, the eyes sessile on their outer bases, foot moderate, and rounded at both ends. Operculum horny, oval, subspiral. Shell semiglobose, umbilicated; aperture entire, semilunar; inner lip edentulate, never callous; umbilicus open ; outer lip acute, smooth within. Fossar, Gray, 1840.—Fossarus, Philippi, 1841.—Natica (fos- sar), Adanson.—Maravignia, Aradas and Mag.—WNatica (animal, not shell), Lam., Rang.—Delphinula, sp. Phil.—Rissoa, sp. Scacchi. -—Nerta, sp. Brocchi.—Purpura, sp. Sow.—Sigaretus, sp. Serres. —WNaticella, Munster.—Turbo, sp. Michaud.—Heliz, sp. Linn. Mr. Gray first indicated and named this genus, but to Dr. Philippi is due its proper diagnosis and detailed description. 1. Fossar ApAnsonu, Philippi, En. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 147. tab. 25. fig. 1. Natica Fossar, Adans.—-Helix ambigua, Linn.—Turbo costatus, Scacchi.—Rissoa lucullana, Scac.—Delphinula costata, Phil. Hab. Senegal. Mus. Cum. 2. Fossar costatus, Broce. p. 300. t. 11. f. 11. Nerita costata, Broce. —Delphinula costata, Bron.— Purpura costata, Sow.—Sigaretus costatus, Serres. Had. Sicily, Borneo, China Sea. Mus. Cum. 3. Fossar cuararatus, Phil, En. Moll. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 148. tab. 25. f. 5. Hab. Mediterranean. Mus. Cum. 4, Fossar minutus, Michaud, Bull. Soc. Linn. de Bord. vol. ii. p-, 122. f.275/ 8509. Hab. 2 5. Fossar reticutatus, A. Adams. (Pl. XX. fig. 13.) F. testa elevate conica, spira producta, late umbilicata, anf. rotundatis, ul- timo subevoluto, sutura profunda, canaliculata, cingulatis, cingulis numerosis transversis, lineis elevatis longitudinalibus eleganter re- ticulatis ; umbilico valde profundo. Hab. Singapore (H. C.). Mus. Cum. 187 6. FossARk TROCHLEARIS, A. Adams. F-. testa elevato-conica, spira acuminata, subperforata, anfractibus cingulatis, cingulis transversis distantibus (in anfractu ultimo quinque), interstitiis lineis elevatis transversis instructis rima umbilicali angusta. Hab. Calapan, in the Philippines (H.C.). Mus. Cum. 7. Fossar vArieGatus, A. Adams. VF. testa ovata, late umbili- cata, spira brevi acuminata, albida, fusco variegata, cingulis transversis elevatis subgranulosis, ornata, interstitiis planis, umbilico patulo. Hab. Kastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. 8. Fossar Cuminei, A. Adams. fF. testa ovato-rotunda; um- bilicata, alba, spira brevissima; costis transversis elevatis, in- terstitiis transversim striatis, ornata; apertura semi-ovata, ex- pansa; labro margine fimbriato, ejus angulo postice producto, libero. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 9. Fossar Bicarinatus, A. Adams. (Mollusca, Pl. XX. figs. 11,12.) F. testa turbinato-depressa, perforata, subevoluta, pal- lide fusca, spira planiuscula, apice acuto, producto, longitudinali- ter substriata, carinis duabus prominentibus, interstitiis trans- versim striatis ornata ; anfractu ultimo basi carinulis duabus circa regionem umbilicalem; apertura semiovata, peritremate soluto, labio recto, antice dilatato, sulco transverso, labro biangulato. Hab. Red Sea. Mus. Cuming. An elegant, partially unrolled species, with a flat spire and two prominent parallel keels. 11. A Monocraru or UmsBontum (RoTetta), A GENUS OF Trocuips. By Arruur Apams, F.L.S. Genus Umsonivum, Link. Animal with the lateral fringe of the foot distinct, with three fila- ments on each side; on the front of the right side near the base of the tentacles produced into a fleshy lobe; right tentacle free, with the eye-peduncle compressed, and bearing a rudimentary eye; left eye-peduncle cylindrical, with a distinct eye, and furnished with an expansion or frontal lobe, which is folded on itself and fringed at its free margin (Gray). Operculum horny, orbicular, multispiral. Shell orbicular, depressed, porcellanous ; whorls smooth, polished ; umbilical region covered with a large prominent callosity ; aperture small, transverse ; inner lip rounded, ending in a simple point, outer lip acute. Globulus, Schumacher, not J. Sowerby.—Helicina, Lamk. (olim). —Pitonellus, Montfort.— Rotella, Lamk. 1, Umponrum vestrarium, Linnzus. Trochus vestiarius, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p.1230.—Rotella lineo- 188 lata, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.117; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 1. fig. la, 1f.—Rotella rosea, Lam., var., Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.117. Hab. East Indies. 2. UMBONIUM MONILIFERUM, Lamarck. Rotella monilifera, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p. 118; Gualt. Test. t. 65. fig. e; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 2. fig. 4, 4a. Hab. East Indies. 3. UMBONIUM SUTURALE, Lamarck. Rotella suturalis, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.117; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 2. fig. 3. 4. Umsonium Javanicum, Lamarck. Rotella Javanica, Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. vol. ix. p.118; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 3. fig. 4. Hab. East Indies. 5. UMBONIUM GIGANTEUM, Lesson. Rotella gigantea, Lesson, Ml. de Zool. vi. (no. 17.) pl. 17; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 3. fig. 7.—Rotella aucta, Sow. Genera, 17. Hab. Japan. 6. Umsonrum costatum, Valenciennes. Rotella costata, Valence. ; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 2. fig. 5. Hab. Corean Archipelago (4. Adams). 7. UmBonium ELEGANS, Beck. Rotella elegans, Beck; Kien. Mon. Rotella, pl. 3. fig. 6. Hab. 2 8. Umsonium saGitratum, Hinds. Rotella sagittata, Hinds, Zool. Voy. Sulph. Hab. West Indies. 9. Umsonium conicum, Adams & Reeve. Rotella conica, Adams & Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang. 10. Umsonium cHaLconotum, A. Adams. U. testa orbiculato- conica, imperforata; spira obtusiuscula, anfractibus quinque, planulatis, nitidis, (sub lente) transversim creberrime striolatis, ultimo, ad peripheriam, valde sulcato, quasi bicarinato, suturis submarginatis ; lurida, eupreo-nitente, infima facie planiuscula, striata; callo mediocri umbilicum obtegente ; apertura ovali. Hab. Island of Ticao, sandy mud, 6 fathoms (H. C.). Maus. : Cuming. 11. Umsonium pepressum, A. Adams. JU. testa orbiculato- depressa, imperforata, levi, nitida, anfractibus planiusculis ; albida, lineis irregularibus, longitudinalibus, undulatis, fuscis, confertis, maculisque ornata ; infima facie callo albo, convexo, punctulato, umbilicum obtegente, instructa. Hab. Borneo, on the sands. Mus. Cuming. —_ 189 12. UmBoniuM ZELANDICUM, A. Adams. JU. testa orbiculato- conoidea, imperforata; spira elata, anfractibus quinque, exca- vatis, transversim striatis, ultimo subangulato, ad peripheriam sulcato, suturis anguste marginatis ; albida, cupreo-nitente, lineis fuscis, undulatis, longitudinalibus, radiatim picta ; infima facie planiuscula, striata, albida, cingulo cinereo circa umbili- cum ornata; callo mediocri umbilicum obtegente, externe sulco spirali impresso ; apertura ovali ; labio incrassato. Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming. Subgenus Eruattia. Shell orbicular, turbinately depressed ; whorls smooth or trans- versely striated, convex, rounded at the periphery ; umbilicus partly closed by a callous deposit. 13. Umspontum GuaMENSsE, Quoy & Gaimard. Rotella Guamensis, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol.; Kien. Mon. Ro- tella, pl. 2. fig. 2. Hab. Island of Guam (Quoy §& Gaimard); Philippine Islands (Cuming). Mus. Cuming. 14. Umsonium srriotatum, A. Adams. U. testa discoidea, subglobulosa, subperforata, transversim striata, anfractibus quinque, convexiusculis ; lineis transversis, angustissimis, albido- articulatis ornata; infima facie levi, ad peripheriam rufo- Jusco maculata, cingulo rufo circa regionem umbilicalem ornata, callo albo, parvo, umbilicum partim obtegente munita; aper- tura ovali. Hab. Island of Borneo. Mus. Cuming. 12. A MonocGrar# or Isanpa, a New Genus oF TROCHIDA, ALLIED TO UmsBonium. By Artruur Apams, F.L.S. Etc. Genus Isanpa, H. & A. Adams. Shell porcellanous, orbiculately conoidal, polished ; aperture sub- quadrate, inner lip straight, forming an angle with the outer lip; umbilicus open, perspective, the margin crenulated. In this genus, which is founded on three undescribed species of shells, the umbilicus is open, and not covered by a callous deposit, as in Umbonium, and the margin is crenulated ; the texture of the shell is solid and porcellanous, and not thin and nacreous, as in Margarita. Isanpa coronata, A. Adams. JT. testa orbiculato-conica, um- bilicata, levi, nitida ; spira obtusa, anfractibus quinque, planis, superne angulatis, et concinne crenulatis ; sutura canaliculata ; lineis albidis, transversis, et maculis fuscis, in sertebus trans- versis dispositis, et, ad suturas, fascia alba, lata, ornata; aper- 190 tura subquadrata ; umbilico aperto, perspectivo, margine valde crenulato ; labio recto, subreflexo ; labro postice angulato. Hab. South Australia. Mus. Cuming. A beautiful, small, turbinate species, with the whorls elegantly coronated and with their upper part white. IsAnpA Lepipa, A. Adams. JI. testa turbinato-conica, albido- cinerea, polita, umbilicata ; spira elatiuscula, anfractibus ro- tundis, suturis crenulatis; anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam subangulato ; umbilico perspectivo, peromphalo, crenato ; aper- tura quadrato-orbiculari ; labio rectiusculo. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. This is a small species of a somewhat conical form, with the sutures of the whorls crenated, and of an ashy white colour. IsANDA suLcirerA, A. Adams. JI. testa orbiculato-conoidea, umbilicata, nitida; spira elatiuscula ; anfractibus quinque subplanulatis, postice angulatis, et sulco impressis, supremis ad suturas crenulatis et angulatis, ultimo transversim sulcato, ad peripheriam carina filiformi cincto; albida, lineis longitu- dinalibus, angulatis et undulatis, confertis, ornata; umbilico aperto, perspectivo, intus sulcato, margine crenato; apertura | subquadrata ; labio subrecto, crenulato. Hab. Philippines. In this species there is a conspicuous and deep groove round the upper part of the whorls near the suture. IsANDA PULCHELLA, A. Adams. J. testa orbiculata, depresse umbilicata, nitida; spira depressa, anfractibus quinque, con- vewiusculis, superne vie angulatis, levibus, inferne transversis, sulcatis, ad suturas corrugatis ; albida, lineolis fuscis, confer- tis, longitudinalibus, undulatis, maculisque fuscis, radiatim dis- positis pulcherrime picta; umbilico patulo, perspectivo, mar- gine crenulato; apertura transversa, subquadrata ; labio sub- calloso. Hab. Puerto Galero, Island of Mindaro, on the sands (H. C.). Mus. Cuming. The shell in this species is depressed and shaped as in Umbonium, but the umbilicus is entirely open, and the margin crenulated. 13. OBSERVATIONS ON SOME RARE INDIAN ANIMALS, By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. (Mammalia, Pl. XXXV.—XXXVIII.) Mr. Hodgson having sent to the India House a specimen, with its skull, of his Tibetan Badger, Taxidea leucurus (Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, xvi. 763, 1847), I have compared the skull with those of the various Badgers in the Museum collection. I find that all the Old World Badgers (Me/es) have a moderate-sized triangular flesh-tooth, 1 ean: a nh ra é uf eae: 8 tie ‘Chae as bie. ; ¥ Dai . haat reer Aen HW OOG souane) St} aie (Ure Ty see 7 4 “00 = 191 and a very large four-sided oblong tubercular grinder in the upper jaw, which is rather longer than broad ; and the skull is rounded be- hind. The nose of the Tibetan Badger, or Tumpha (Meles leucu- rus), is rather more tapering and more compressed than that of the European Badger (Meles tavus), which it most resembles. The Japanese Badger (Meles ankuma) differs from both in having a much shorter skull, and a short, rather broad nose. The American Badgers (Tavidea, Waterhouse) have a very large triangular flesh-tooth, and an equally triangular tubercular grinder in the upper jaw, the latter not exceeding the flesh-tooth in size ; the skull is also much broader, more depressed, and truncated behind. Of this genus I only know a single species, T. labradoria. The Taai- dea leucurus of Hodgson is exceedingly like Arctonyz collaris, but the fur of the back is longer and more flaccid, and the chin and throat are black, as well as the belly and legs, which is not the case in that species. Mr. Hodgson, on my informing him that the skull was very dif- ferent from the Taxidea of North America, proposed that it should be formed into a genus under the name of Pseudomeles. The collection of the East India Company also contains skins of the following species, recently presented by Mr. Hodgson, which de- serve notice, as several of them are now transmitted by him for the first time. 1. Hexictis NEPAULENSIS. Dark grey ; the forehead and nape black ; the nuchal streak long, broad, pure white. Differs from H. Chinensis in the blackness of the nape, and the distinctness and depth of the colours. 2. Musre.a stricoporsa, Hodgson MSS. Dark chestnut-brown, with a very narrow streak of a few longer white hairs down the centre of the back ; the chin, throat and chest, and a narrow streak down the centre of the belly, pale yellow, be- coming whiter in the older specimens; tail slender, about half the length of the body. 3. ParapoxuRUs QuapRIScRIPTUS, Hodgson MSS. I cannot see any difference between these specimens and the P. Musanga. 4. PoipHacus GRUNNIENS. The Yak. (Mammalia, Pl. XXXV.) The skin of a young calf represented in the accompanying plate is black, with a tuft of long pale yellow hair across the crown of the head; the under side of the body, and the tail, are covered with rather long pale yellow hair; the dorsal streak, which is broader over the withers and rump, and interrupted on the middle of the back, is white. 192 5. Buporcas TaxicoLtor. (Pl. XXXVI.) A slendid adult male. 6. Porcuxta saLtvoniA. (Pl. XXXVII.) 7. FeLis MACROSELLOIDES. (Pl. XXXVIII.) 14. On THE Eces or Orocyrs AND PRosTHEMADERA. By H. F. Wacrter, Esa. (Aves, Pl. LVI.) Mr. H. F. Walter exhibited specimens of the eggs of Otogyps and Prosthemadera nove seelandi@ from his own ccllection. The egg of Otogyps (Plate LVI. fig. 1) was obtained by Herr Ludwig Parreyss of Vienna from North Africa, and will therefore be that of O. nubicus (H. Smith ; Bp. Consp. p. 10), if that species is really distinct from the southern O. auricularis. The long diameter of this egg is 3:9, the short diameter 2°8 inches. The egg of the Parson-bird or Tui, Prosthemadera nove seelandie (Gm.) (Plate LVI. fig. 2), was taken in New Zealand in 1852 by Dr. White. Its colouring is somewhat different from that of the other Honey-eaters with which we are acquainted, not presenting the usual rich red ground-colour which is the general characteristic of the eggs of that family of birds. The long diameter of this egg is 1-0, the short diameter 0°75 inch. f | -uoshpoy 'WINVATYS WIOMOd UML SIOM £ ,dun JIRYUEH N 2 Ww dup aequey 4 uoslpoyy CCCLOTHIS OMOVIL SITad Tt ITM F “WICGNVIVEZ WAON VHUHACVAGHLSOUd 2 SNITHONVY SdADOLO T dy PUP ITY AL um “FT 1 2 ee rer = ot > rh = a = jae — INDEX. The names of New Species, and of Species newly characterized, are printed in Roman Characters: those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel information is given, in J/alies: those of Species respecting which Anatomical Ob- servations are made, in CAPITALS. Achatinella acuta, Newe., n. sp., 142 — Adansonii, Newe., n. sp., 137 — aflinis, Newe., n. sp., 142 — albolabris, Newe., n. sp., 149 —- ampla, Newe., n. sp., 137 —— aplustre, Newe., n. sp., 147 — assimilis, Newe., n. sp., 148 —— Baldwinii, Newe., n. sp., 155 Buddii, Newe., n. sp., 155 — cestus, Newe., n. sp., 132 concinna, Newe., n. sp., 157 cornea, Newe., n. sp., 141 crassa, Newe., n. sp., 128, 155 — crassilabrum, Newce., n. sp., 141 — Cumingii, Newe., n. sp., 129, 150 — curta, Newe., n. sp., 144 — cylindrica, Newe., a. sp., 134 — decipiens, Newe., n. sp., 183 dubia, Newe., n. sp., 152 duplicata, Newe., n. sp., 156 elegans, Newe., n. sp., 149 —— Emmersonii, Newe., n. sp., 156 —— flavescens, Newe., nu. sp., 151 fulgens, Newe., n. sp., 131 — fumosa, Newe., n. sp., 140 fusca, Newe., n. sp., 145 — Germana, Newe., n. sp.. 151 — gigantea, Newe., n. sp., 136 glabra, Newc., n. sp., 139 — Gouldii, Newe., n. sp-, 129 grana, Newc., n. sp., 146 —— grisea, Newce., n. sp., 153 — Helena, Newe., n. sp., 151 — hybrida, Newe., n. sp., 147 intermedia, Newe., n. sp., 135 Johnsonii, Newe., n. sp., 147 —— labiata, Newe., n. sp., 141 lineolata, Newe., n. sp-, 140 —— mesta, Newe., n. sp., 157 —— Mastersi, Newe., n. sp., 153 —— melanostoma, Newe., n. sp., 132 — melanotis, Newe., n. sp., 144 — mucronata, Newe., u. sp., 146 —— multilineata, Newc., n. sp., 138 — nitida, Newe., n. sp., 140 Achatinella nivosa, Newe., n. sp., 132 obesa, Newe., n. sp., 143 — obscura, Newe., n. sp., 157 ornata, Newe., nu. sp. 149 ovata, Newce., n. sp., 130 —— Pfeifferi, Newc., n. sp., 129, 150 —— physa, Newe., n. sp., 152 —— plicata, Newe., n. sp., 129 —— polita, Newe., n. sp., 142 porcellana, Newe., n. sp., 146 —— porphyrea, Newe., n. sp., 136 pupoidea, Newe., n. sp-, 144 recta, Newe., n. sp., 145 —— Redfieldi, Newe., n. sp., 131 reticulata, Newe., n. sp., 148 rubiginosa, Newe., n. sp., 154 — rufa, Newe., n. sp., 130 —— rugosa, Newe., n. sp., 138 rutila, Newe., n. sp., 138 —— sanguinea, Newe., n. sp., 135 —-— semicarinata, Newe., n. sp., 156 —— solitaria, Newe., n. sp., 150 sordida, Newe., n. sp., 139 — soror, Newe., n. sp., 143 —— splendida, Newe., n. sp., 131 —— subvirens, Newe., n. sp., 136 —— Swiftii, Newe., n. sp., 133 —— terebra, Newe., n. sp., 144 — tessellata, Newe., n. sp., 139 turgida, Newe., n. sp., 134 variabilis, Newe., n. sp., 154 venulata, Newe., n. sp., 146 violacea, Newe., n. sp., 135 vitrea, Newe., n. sp., 142 Aciculade, 44 Aclis, 39 Acteon, 39 Acteonide, 39 Acus, 39 Acuside, 39 Admete, 39 ALyosoma, Serville, 26 Aigosoma Cingalense, White, n. sp., 27 marginale, 27 ornaticolle, White, n. sp., 27 No. CCLIX*.—ProceEepincs or THE ZOOLOGICAL Sociery. 194 gosoma scabricorne, Serville, 26 sinicum, White, n. sp., 27 sulcipenne, White, n. sp., 28 tibiale, White, n. sp., 28 Agaronia, 35 Alcadia, 42 Alcadia rubella, Pfr., n. sp., 60 Alvania, 39 Amalthia, 44 Amathina, 44 Ambyostoma Californiense, Gray, n. sp., ll Caroline, Gray, 11 punctulatum, Gray, 11 Amphiperas ovum, 40 Amphiperaside, 40 Ampullaria, 42 Ampullariade, 42 Aneillaria, 35 Ancillaria candida, 35 Ancylastrum, 79, 80 Ancylus, 76 Ancylus acutus, Bronn, 89 aduncus, Gould, 80 albus, Hentz, 87 Baconii, Bourg., n. sp., 89 Bahiensis, Moricand, 84 — Barilensis, Moricand, 81 Beani, Bourg., 81 Caffer, Krauss, 81 calcarius, De Kay, 81 capuloides, Jan., 83 Charpentiecrianus, Bourg., 81 compressus, Nyst, 81 concentricus, D’Orb., 81 corneus, Poiret, 87 costatus, Fér., 86 — costulatus, Kiister, 81 — crassus, Hald., 81 —— culicoides, D’Orb., 81 — Cumingianus, Bourg., n. sp., 91 — cyclostoma, Bourg., 82 - decussatus, Reuss, 88 deperditus, Desm., 82 — depressus, Desh., 88 —- Deshayesianus, Bourg., 82 diaphanus, Hald., 82 —— Drovetianus, Bourg., n. sp., 92 elegans, Sowerby, 88 excentricus, Morelet, 85 Fabrei, Dup., 86 Jilosus, Conrad, 82 JSluviatilis, 83 Frayssianus, Dup., 87 JSuscus, C. B. Adams, 82 Gayanus, D’Orb., 84 — gibbosus, Bourg., 82 — Gussonii, Costa, 89 Haldemanii, Bourg., 83 Havanensis, Pfr., 83 — Hermanni, Fér., 89 INDEX. Ancylus irroratus, Guilding, 83 — Janii, Bourg., 83 —- lacustris, Linn., 88 luteolus, Parreyss, 86 marginatus, Richw., 83 Matheronii, Boissy, 89 meridionalis, Beck, 86 — Moguinianus, Bourg., n. sp., 89 — Moreletii, Bourg., 83 —— Moricandi, D’Orb., 84 navicula, Spix, 84 — Nuttallii, Hald., 89 obliquus, Broderip, 84 —— oblongus, Charpentier, 83 oblongus, Parreyss, 89 obscurus, Hald., 84 —— obtusus, Morelet, 84 — Orbignyanus, Bourg., 84 parallelus, Hald., 84 Petitianus, Bourg., 85 —— pileolus, Fér., 85 radiatilis, Morelet, 85 radiatus, Guilding, 85 radiolatus, Kiister, 89 Raymondii, Bourg., 85 recurvus, Parreyss, 83 riparius, Desm., 85 rivularis, Say, 85 rotundatus, Fér., 89 rubicola, Puton, 87 — Sauleyanus, Bourg., n. sp., 92 — simplex, Buc’hoz, 86 sinuosus, Brard, 87 — spina-rose, Schmidt, 82 stagnalis, Fér., 89 striatus, Webb, 88 strictus, Morelet, 88 strigatus, Parreyss, 88 — tardus, Say, 88 — thermalis, Boubée, 87 vitraceus, Morelet, 88 Anguillide, 76 Anostoma carinatum, Pfr., n. sp., 57 Apollon, 37 Aporrhaide, 41 Aporrhais, 41 Aporrhais pes-pelicani, 41 Apteronotus, 75 Apteronotus albifrons, Lacep., 75 Architectoma, 39 Architectomide, 39 Aricia, 41 Ascaris bifaria, Baird, n. sp., 19 levissima, Baird, un. sp., 19 osculata, 18 — similis, Baird, n. sp., 18 Asolene, 42 Assiminia, 43 Assiminia Grayana, 43 Aulacorhamphus ceruleogularis, Gould, n. sp., 45 INDEX. Auriculade, 34 Bezoardica, 39 Bifrontia, 39 Bithinia, 42 Bothriocephalus antarcticus, Baird, n.sp., 25 Briarea scolopendra, Quoy & Gaim., 94 Briarea, Herm., 94 Briareus, Goodsir, 94 Bubo Poensis, Fraser, n. sp., 13 Buceinide, 34 Buccinina, Gray, 34 Buccinum, 34 Buccinum ethiops, Reeve, 182 plumbeum, Chemn., 182 sepimentum, Rang, 182 Bucco radiatus, Sclater, n. sp., 122 rubecula, Spix, 124 — Sstriatipectus, Sclater, n. sp., 123 Buceros Poensis, Fraser, n. sp., 14 Budorcas taxicolor, Hodgs., 191 Bulimus filaris, Pfr., n. sp., 50 flexilabris, Pfr., n. sp., 50 — Keppelli, Pfr., n. sp., 50 — pervius, Pfr., n. sp., 50 victor, P/r., n. sp., 128 Bullia, 34, 39 Cacide, 44 Caecum, 44 Calothorax micrurus, Gould, n. sp., 109 Calyptrea, 44 Calyptrea sinensis, 44 Calyptreide, 44 Cancellaria, 39 Cancellariade, 39 Capulide, 44 Capulus, 44 Capulus hungaricus, 44 Capsa, Brug., 171 Carapus, 75 Carapus brachyurus, Bloch, 75 Cassidide, 38 Cassidulide, 35 Cassidulus morio, 35 Cassis, 39 Cataulus marginatus, Pfr., n. sp., 52 Cerambyx marginalis, Fabr., 27 seabricornis, Scop., 26 Cerithium, 32, 43 Cerithium macrostoma, Hinds, 176 Cerithiopsis, 39 Chamostrea, De Roissy, 167 Chemnitzia, D’Ord., 178 Chemnitzia acicularis, 4. ddams, n. sp, 181 — Boholensis, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 180 candida, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181 clathrata, Jeffreys, 180 — concinna, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181 cornea, 4. Addams, n. sp., 181 — costulata, Mighels, 180 195 Chemnitzia curvicostata, Wood, 180 densecostata, Phil., 180 — elegantissima, Mont., 179 JSenestrata, Forbes, 179 formosa, Jeffreys, 179 fulvocineta, Alder, 179 fusca, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181 gracilis, Phil., 179 grandis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 180 indistincta, Mont., 179 interrupta, Totten, 179 —— lirata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 181 obliquata, Phil., 180 pallida, Phil., 180 pusilla, Phil., 179 —_ rufa, Phil., 179 rufescens, Forbes, 179 scalaris, Phil., 179 —— trilineata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 180 turritella, Pfr., 180 varicosa, 4. ddams, n. sp., 181 Chione gibbosula, Desh., n. sp., 7 regularis, Desh., n. sp., 7 — sphericula, Desh., n. sp., 8 ustulata, Desh., n. sp., 8 Chondropoma venezuelense, P/r., n. sp., 52 Chorus, 34 Chrysodomus, 34 Circe, Schumacher, 171 Circe lenticularis, Desh., n. sp., 7 — Metcalfei, Desh., n. sp., 7 personata, Desh., n. sp., 6 pulchra, Desh., n. sp., 6 transversaria, Desh., n. sp., 6 Clavatula, 37 Clavatulina, 37 Clavella, 34 Cleidotherus, Stutchbury, 167 Clementia, Gray, 171 Clementia Moretonensis, Desh., n.sp., 18 —— Strangei, Desh., n. sp., 17 Cochlidium, 35 Colina, 4. Adams, n. g., 176 Colina macrostoma, Hinds, 176 pupiformis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 176 Colus, 34 Cominella crocea, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 97 Concholepas, 34 Conide, 40 Conus, 40 Conus anceps, 4. Adams, n. sp., 119 angulatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 118 — assimilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 118 — celatus, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 117 — commodus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117 — comptus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 119 cyanostomus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 116 —— dealbatus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 117 desidiosus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 119 —— fasciatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 119 196 Conus Hevassii, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 118 innexus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 118 — luridus, 4. ddams, n, sp., 118 -~— neglectus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117 Nove Hollandiz, 4. ddams, n. sp., 119 — optabilis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 116 preecellens, 4. Adams, n. sp., 119 — pulchellus, Sowerby, 118 pulcher, 4. Adams, n. sp., 117 —— spectabilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117 stigmaticus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 119 succinctus, 4. ddams, un. sp., 118 sulciferus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 116 sticticus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117 vinctus, 4. ddams, nv. sp., 118 Corasia micans, Albers, 110 Corbis celatus, 4. Adams, nu. sp., 69 scitulus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 70 Coriocella, 35 Coriocella perspicua, 35 Corotoca, Schiddte, n. g., 102 Corotoca Melantho, Sch., n. sp., 102 — Phylo, Sch., n. sp., 102 Corynactis heterocera, Thomps., n. sp., 107 Crepidula lacustris, Fleming, 87 oblonga, Flem., 87 Crucibulum, 44 Crypta, 44 Ctenogaster, Gray, 38 Cuma, 34 Cuneus truncatus, Desh., n. sp., 1 Cyclina sinensis, 25 Cyclophoride, 42 Cyclophorus, 42 Cyclophorus labiosus, Pfr., n. sp., 51 Pirrieanus, Pfr., n. sp., 51 Cyclostoma griseum, Pfr., n. sp., 51 labiosum, Pfr., n. sp., 51 Recluzianum, Pfr., n. sp., 51 —— Pirrieanum, Pfr., n. sp., 51 tubuliferum, Pfr., n. sp., 51 — Venezuelense, Pfr., n. sp., 51 Cyclostrema granulata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 183. Cyclotus, 42 Cyclotus Recluzianus, Pfr., n. sp., 51 —— tubulifera, Pfr., n. sp., 51 Cymbiola Turneri, 36 Cymbium, 36 Cynodonta, 36 Cyprea, 41 Cyprea helvola, 41 Cypreade, 41 Cyprinide, 76 Cyprovula, 41 Cyrtonops, White, n. g., 29 Cyrtonops punctipennis, White, n.sp., 29 Cyrtulus, 34 Cytherea elegans, Sow., 6 INDEX. Cytherea scripta, Lamk., 6 Dactyloglossa, Gray, 40 Defrancianina, Gray, 37 DELPHINUS GLOBICEPS, Cuv., 63, 67 Delphinus Orca, 103 Delphinula costata, Phil., 186 Dendrocolaptes Eytoni, Sclater, n. sp., 69 Desmoulia, 34 Dione crocea, Desh., n. sp., 2 rufescens, Desh., n. sp., 2 phasianella, Desh., n. sp., 2 Distoma microcephalum, Baird, n. sp., 22 Doliide, 37 Dolium, 37 Dodo, 54 Dorsanum, 39 Drillia, 37 Eburna australis, Sowerby, 182 Erato, 41 Esocide, 76 Ethalia, 4. ddams, n. g., 189 Ethalia Guamensis, Quoy & Gaim., 189 striolata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 189 Eulima, 39 Eulima elegantissima, Macgill., 179 Fasciolaria, 36 Fasciolariade, 35 Faunus, 43 Felis macrosceloides, Hodgs., 191 Fossar, Gray, 186 Fossar Adansonii, Phil., 186 —— bicarinatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 187 clathratus, Phil., 186 — costatus, Reeve, 186 Cumingii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 187 — minutus, Michaud, 186 reticulatus, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 186 trochlearis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 187 variegatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 187 Fossarus, Phil., 186 Fulgur, 35 Fusina, Gray, 34 Fusus, 41 Gafrarium celatum, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 69 scitulum, 4. ddams, n. sp., 70 Galerus, 44 Gastridia, Sowerby, 182 Geomelania, 44 Glauconome, Gray, 169 Glauconome psammotella, Desh., n. sp., b rostralis, Desh., n. sp., 1 Globulus, Schum., 187 Gordius fasciatus, Baird, n. sp., 21 —— platyura, Baird, n. sp., 20 pustulosus, Baird, n. sp., 20 —— spherura, Baird, n. sp., 21 violaceus, Baird, n. sp., 20 verrucosus, Baird, n. sp., 20 Gymnoglossa, Gray, 39 Gymnotus electricus, 75 rostratus, Schn., 75 INDEX. Hamiglossa, Gray, 34 Harpa, 35 Harpa solidula, 4. Adams, n. sp., 173 striatula, 4. Adams, n. sp., 173 Harpina, Gray, 35 Helianthea Aurora, Gould, n. sp., 61 Tris, Gould, n. sp., 61 Heliangelus viola, Gould, n. sp., 61 Helicina, Lamk., 187 Helicina articulata, Pfr., n. sp., 53 —— Barbadensis, Pfr., n. sp., 50 —- conoidea, Pfr., n. sp., 53 —— foveata, Pfr., n. sp., 53 — modesta, Pfr., n. sp., 52 riparia, P/r., n. sp., 53. rubella, P/r., n. sp., 60 Helictis nepaulensis, Gray, 191 Heliomaster mesoleucus, 100 Helix ambigua, Limn., 186 - Armida, Pfr., n. sp., 58 —— Bridwilli, Pfr., n. sp., 49 — Ceres, Pfr., n. sp., 49 ceroides, Pfr., n. sp., 58 Circe, Pfr., n. sp., 49 — Charpentieri, Pfr., n. sp., 127 —— concavospira, Pfr., n. sp., 124 conomphala, Pfr., n. sp., 59 — continua, Pfr., n. sp., 128 — Dennisoni, Pfr., n. sp., 57 — diflicilis, Pfr., n. sp., 127 —— elegantissima, Maton, 179 — foveata, Pfr., n. sp., 126 — fucata, Pfr., n. sp., 59 —— ganoma, P/r., n. sp., 124 —— guttata, Pfr., n. sp., 58 -— Huaheinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 59 —— hyphasma, Pfr., n. sp., 124 — lacera, Pfr., n. sp., 126 Lais, Pfr., n. sp., 49 — MacAndrewiana, Pfr., n. sp., 57 — maxima, Pfr., n. sp., 48 micans, Pfr., 109 — microspira, Pfr., n. sp., 127 —— Oweniana, Pfr., n. sp., 49 — partita, Pfr., n. sp., 125 — politissima, P/r., n. sp., 125 prestans, Pfr., n. sp., 126 —— procera, Pfr., n. sp., 127 purpurascens, Pfr., n. sp., 126 — rapida, Pfr., n. sp., 58 — Shanghaiensis, Pfr., n. sp., 59 — subopaca, P/r., n. sp., 125 — Thwaitesi, Pfr., n. sp., 125 —— trifilosa, Pfr., n. sp., 125 —— veronica, Pfr., n. sp., 58 Hermes nussatella, 117 spectabilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 117 — violaceus, 117 . Hindsia, 4. ddams, n. g., 182 Hindsia acuminata, Reeve, 182 bitubercularis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 183 197 Hindsia carduus, Reeve, 182 egregia, Reeve, 183 nassoides, Reeve, 182 nivea, Pfr., 182 —— nodicostata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 183 suturalis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 183 varicifera, 4. Adams, n. sp., 183 Hipponyx, 44 Hipponyx granulata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 176 Holcostoma, 4. Adams, n. g., 174 Holcostoma setigerum, .4. Adams, n. sp., 174 Hyalina, 37 Hylocharis, 100 Lanthina, 32 Isanda, H. & 4. Adams, n. g., 189 Isanda coronata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 189 —— lepida, 4. Adams, n. sp., 190 sulcifera, 4. ddams, n. sp., 190 pulchella, 4. ddams, n. sp., 190 Janella, Gray, n. g., 111 Janella antipodarum, Gray, n. sp., 111 Jeffreysia, 42 Johnstonella Catharina, Gosse, 94 Labride, 76 Lagena, 36 Lamellaria, 35 Lamellariade, 35 Lanistes, 42 Latiaxis Fortuni, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 99 nodosus, 4. ddams, un. sp., 98 Latirus, 34 Letodomus, 39 Levenia, 39 Lepas rostrata, Argenville, 86 simplex, Arg., 86 Limax bitentaculatus, Quoy & Gaim., 111 Litiopa, 43 Littorina, 34, 43 Littorina littorea, 43 Littorinide, 43 Lucinopsis, Forbes, 26 Luponia, 41 Lypornis ruficapilla, Tschudi, 124 Macgillivrayia straminea, 4. ddams,n.sp., Mactra zquilateralis, Desh., n. sp., 17 —— complanata, Desh., n. sp., 14 —— cornea, Desh., n. sp., 16 -—— Cuvieri, Desh., n. sp., 17 eximia, Desh., n. sp., 16 — mera, Desh., n. sp., 16 — meretriciformis, Desh., n. sp., 16 — obesa, Desh., n. sp., 16 —— pura, Desh., n. sp., 15 quadrangularis, Desh., n. sp., 15 — Reevei, Desh., n. sp., 15 — sulcataria, Desh., n. sp., 15 —— symmetrica, Desh., n. sp., 17 —— veneriformis, Desh., n. sp., 15 198 Magillus, 34 Malacoptila aspersa, Sclater, n. sp., 123 fulvogularis, Selater, n. sp., 123 substriata, Sclater, n. sp., 123 Malea, 37 Mammiila, 38 Mangelia, 37 Marissa, 42 Marsenina, 34, 38 Melanatria, 43 Melania, 43 Melania elegantissima, Forbes, 179 — mirifica, 4. Adams, un. sp., 99 pallida, Phil., 180 orientalis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 99 rufa, Phil., 179 sealaris, Phil., 179 speciosa, 4. ddams, n. sp., 99 Melaniade, 43 Melanopsis, 32, 43 Melanopsis buccinoides, 43 Menura Alberti, 45 Meretrix grata, Desh., n. sp., 7 Mermis rigidus, Baird, n. sp., 19 spiralis, Baird, n. sp., 19 Metula Cumingii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 173 Mingeria, 34 Mitra, 36 Mitra adusta, 36 episcopalis, 36 Mitrina, Gray, 36 Modulus, 43 Morio, 39 Morsus Norvegicus, Olaus Magnus, 113 Morum tuberculatum, Sow., 174 — xanthostoma, 4. ddams, n. sp., 174 Murex, 32, 34 ; Murex armatus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 71 Australiensis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 72 — castus, 4. Addams, n. sp., 71 coccineus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 72 -— Coreanicus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 72 — despectus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 72 diadema, 4. ddams, n. sp., 70 — fimbriatus, 4. ddams, nu. sp., 71 — nitens, 4. ddams, n. sp., 72 pauxillus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 71 — pumilus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 70 — Salleanus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 70 scalaris, 4. ddams, n. sp., 71 — subspinosus, 4, Adams, n. sp., 72 trivialis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 71 Muricide, 34 Muricina, Gray, 34 Mustela strigodorsa, Hodgs., 191 Nanina, Gray, 109 Nanina Albaiensis, Gray, 110 Naria, 41 Nassa, 34 Nassina, Gray, 34 Natica, 32 INDEX. Natica Fossar, Adanson, 186 pulchella, 68 Naticide, 38 Neptunella, 38 Neptunellina, Gray, 38 Nerita costata, Broce., 186 Neverita, 38 Nonnula, Sclater, n. g., 124 Nonnula rudecula, Spix, 124 Northia, 34 Obeliscus, 39 Odontoglossa, Gray, 35 Odostomia, 39 Odostomia clathrata, Jeffreys, 180 Senestrata, Jefft., 179 formosa, Jeft., 179 indistincta, Jeff., 180 lactea, Setf., 179 — rufa, Jeff., 179 scalaris, Jeff., 179 Oligyra, 42 Oligyrade, 42 Olivella, 35 Olivina, Gray, 35 Oniscia grandis, 4. ddams, un. sp., 185 Onustus, 42 Oreotrochilus, 100 Otogyps nubicus, H. Smith, 192 Pagodus, 43 Paludomus, 42 Paradoxurus quadriscriptus, Hodgs., 191 Parthenia crenata, Lowe, 179 elegantissima, Lowe, 179 turritella, Pfr., 180 Patella cornea, Poiret, 86 Jluviatilis, Lister, 86 lacustris, Linn., 88 —— oblonga, Lightfoot, 89 picolissima, Ginan., 88 Pentastoma annulatum, Baird, n. sp., 21, 68 —— megacephalum, Baird, un. sp., 21 Pedicularia, 41 Pedicularia sicula, 41 Pediculariade, 41 Percide, 76 Persicula, 37 Persona, 37 Personina, Gray, 37 Pfeifferia, Gray, n. g., 110 Pfeifferia micans, Gray, 110 Phaéthornis, 100 Phoride, 42 Phorus, 42 Phos fasciatus, 4. d4dams, n. sp., 175 filosus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 175 — ligatus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 175 —— plicatus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 175 Physa Salleana, Dunk., n. sp., 53 Phytophaga, Lamk., 32 Pinaxia, 4. ddams, un. g., 185 INDEX. Pinaxia coronata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 185 Pisania, 34 Pitonellus, Montf., 187 Planaxide, 43 Planaxina, Gray, 34 Planaxis, 32, 43 Planorbis refulgens, Dunker, n. sp. 54 Salleanus, Dunk., n. sp., 54 Plecotrema, H. §& 4. Adams, n. g., 120 Plecotrema clausa, H. & 4. Adams, n. sp., 121 — concinna, H. & A. Adams, nu. sp., 122 — decussata, H. § A. Adams, nu. sp., 121 — exarata, H. & 4. Adams, n. sp., 122 — imperforata, H. & A. Adams, n. sp., 120 — inequalis, C. B. Adams, 122 — labreila, Desh., 122 —— lirata, H. & A. Adams, n. sp., 121 — monilifera, H. § A. Addams, n. sp., 120 — punctato-striata, H. & 4. Addams, n. sp., 121 — punctigera, H. & A. Adams, n. sp., 120 typica, H. & 4. Adams, n. sp., 120 Pleurotoma, 37 Pleurotomide, 37 Pleurotomina, Gray, 37 Plotia mirifica, 4. ddams, n. sp., 99 orientalis, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 99 Poéphagus grunniens, 191 Polinices, 38 Pomatias, 42 Pomella, 42 Pomus, 42 Porcellana, 37 Porcellana glabella, 37 Porcellanina, Gray, 37 Porcula salvania, 191 Porcus monstrosus, Olaus Magnus, 113 Pregistoma Cumingiana, Pfr., n. sp., 52 Prionus scabricornis, Fab., 6 Proboscidifera, Gray, 33 Prosthemadera nove seelandie, Gmel., 192 Pseudodactylus, Herm., 182 Pseudoliva, 34 Pseudoliva, Swains., 184 Pseudoliva ethiops, Reeve, 184 australis, Sow., 184 — Kellettii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 185 monoceros, Gray, 184 —— plumbea, Chemn., 184 —— sepimenta, Rang., 184 striatula, 4. ddams, n. sp., 184 — zebrina, 4. ddams, n. sp., 184 Pseudomeles, Hodgs., 191 Pterocera, 41 199 Ptilonopus chrysogaster, G. R. Gray, n. sp., 48 —— purpureocinctus, G. R. Gray, n. sp., 48 Pupina Cumingiana, P/r., n. sp., 52 Purpura, 34 Purpura costata, Sowerby, 186 Purpurina, Gray, 34 Pusionella, 34 Pusionella grandis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 73 lirata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 73 Pusionellina, Gray, 34 Pyramidella, Lamk., 176 Pyramidella awris-cati, Chemn., 177 glans, Reeve, 177 — gracilis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 178 maculosa, Lamk., 177 — magnifica, Adams & Reeve, 177 — mitralis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 177 —— nitida, 4. Adams, n. sp., 178 — plicata, Lamk., 177 —— propinqua, 4. ddams, n. sp., 177 punctata, Wagner, 177 — subulata, 4. ddams, un. sp., 177 variegata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 178 Pyramidellide, 39 Pyramidellina, Gray, 39 Pyramis crenatus, Brown, 179 elegantissima, Brown, 179 indistinctus, Brown, 180 Pyrgula clathrata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 185 Quoyia, 43 Rachiglossa, Gray, 36 Ranella, 37 Ranella jucunda, 4. Adams, n. sp., 70 Ranellina, Gray, 37 Rapana, 34 Rapana clathrata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 97 coralliophila, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98 — Fortuni, 4. Adams, n. sp., 99 fragilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98 — pulchella, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98 nodosa, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98 — scala, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98 suturalis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98 Rhinoceros Oswellii, Gray, n. sp., 46 Rhinochilus, 34 Rhinoclavis, 43 Rhizochilus clathratus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 97 — coralliophilus, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98 —— fragilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98 — pulchellus, 4. Adams, n. sp., 98 — scala, A. Adams, n. sp., 98 — suturalis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 98 Ringicula, 34 Rissoa, 43 Rissoa lucullana, Scacchi, 186 membranacea, 43 Rissoella, 42 Rissoellide, 42 200 INDEX. Rissoina, Gray, 42 Rosmarus, Gesner, 112, 114 Rostrifera, Gray, 33, 39 Rotelia, Lamk., 187 Rotella aucta, Sow., 188 conica, Adams & Reeve, 188 costata, Valenc., 188 elegans, Beck, 188 — gigantea, Lesson, 188 — Guamensis, Quoy & Gaim., 189 — Javanica, Lamk., 188 lineolata, Lamk., 187 monilifera, Lamk., 188 rosea, Lamk., 188 sagittata, Hinds, 188 suturalis, Lamk., 188 Saturnia calleta, Westw., n. sp., 161 Chapata, Westw., n. sp., 162 Janeira, Westw., n. sp., 164 Jorulla, Westw., n. sp., 159 — Lavendera, Westw., n. sp., 160 — Melvilla, Westw., n. sp., 166 Orizaba, Westw., n. sp., 158 Pluto, Westw., n, sp., 164 — Sapatoza, Westw., n. sp., 163 —— Thibeta, Westw., n. sp., 166 Zacateca, Westw., u. sp., 159 Scalaria, 32 Scalaria Turtoni, 39 Scalariade, 39 Scapha, 36 Scaphula, 35 Scytotypide, 38 Scytotypus, 38 Semele amabilis, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 97 ameena, 4. Addams, n. sp., 95 — Californica, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96 — casta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96 — compta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 97 — decora, 4. Adams, n. sp., 97 Gruneri, 4. Adams, un. sp., 95 — Jovis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 94 — jucunda, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96 Jukesi, 4. Adams, n. sp., 95 — leta, 4. Adams, un. sp., 96 — luteola, A. Adams, n. sp., 95 —— Martini, 4. Adams, n. sp., 97 modesta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 95 pulchella, 4. ddams, n. sp., 97 sinensis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 95 — sponsa, 4. Adams, n. sp., 95 venusta, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96 — vestalis, 4. Adams, n. sp., 96 virginea, 4. ddams, n. sp., 96 Seraphina, Gray, 41 Seraphys, 41 Separatista, 41 Serpuloides, 43 Sigaretus costatus, Serres, 186 Siliquaria, 43 Siluride, 76 Sistrum, 34 Skenea, 43 Sorex purpurascens, Templeton, n.sp., 100 Spathura cissiura, Gould, n. sp., 109 Peruana, 109 Spirachtha, Schiédte, n. g., 102 Spirachtha Eurymedusa, Sch., n. sp., 102 Spiraxis paradoxa, Pfr., n. sp., 128 Stomatia, 38 Stomatia bicarinata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 74 Stomatella Arabica, 4. ddams, n. sp., 74 Baconi, 4. Adams, n. sp., 73 — calliostoma, 4. Adams, n. sp., 74 Cumingii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 74 Strephona, 35 Strombide, 41 Strombina, Gray, 41 Strombus, 41 Struthiolaria, 33, 41 Struthiolaria monoceros, Gray, 182 Stylina, 39 Stylina fulvescens, 4. Adams, n. sp., 73 Subula, 39 Succinea margarita, P/r, n. sp., 60 Tenia Bremseri, Baird, n. sp., 23 calva, Baird, n. sp., 24 — denticula, 24 expansa, 24 — falciformis, Baird, n. sp., 24 — Goezii, Baird, n. sp., 24 Zederi, Baird, n. sp., 24 Tznioglossa, Gray, 37, 40 Tapes alba, Desh., n. sp., 8 biradiata, Desh., n. sp., 9 cinerea, Desh., n. sp., 11 fabagella, Desh., n. sp., 10 grata, Desh., n. sp., 9 —— inflata, Desh., n. sp., 8 — Japonica, Desh., n. sp., 10 —— obscurata, Desh., n. sp., 8 punicea, Desh., n. sp., 10 quadriradiata, Desh., n. sp., 9 — similis, Desh., n. sp., 8 turgidula, Desh., n. sp., 8 variegata, Sow., 10 violascens, Desh., n. sp., 10 Taxidea leucurus, Hodgs., 190 Teinostoma, 4. Adams, n. g., 183 Teinostoma politum, 4. Adams, n. sp., 184 Telescopium, 43 Terebellum, 43 Terebra, 32 Terebra formosa, Bean, 180 Termes, 101 Testudo elephantopus, Harlan, 12 Indica, 12 planiceps, Gray, n. sp., 12 Tetraogallus Tibetanus, Gould, nu. sp., 47 Tetrarhynchus rugosus, Baird, n. sp., 22 — strangulatus, Baird, n. sp., 23 INDEX. 201 Thalassidroma Hornbyi, G. R. Gray, n. sp., 62 Tiara speciosa, 4. Adams, n. sp., 99 Tomella, 37 Tomopteris, Menke, 94 Tomopterus onisciformis, Eschsch., 94 Torinia, 39 Toxoglossa, Gray, 37, 40 Trichecus rosmarus, 103 Trichotropis, 41 Trichotropis bicarinatus, 38 borealis, Lovén, 38, 41 Trigonia nobilis, 4. ddams, n. sp., 73 Triphoris, 43 Triton, 37 Tritonide, 37 Tritonina, Gray, 37 Trivia, 41 Trochilus cyanicollis, Gould, n. sp., 61 floriceps, Gould, n. sp., 62 Trochita, 44 Trochus vestiarius, Linn., 187 Trophon, 34 Truncatella, 44 Truncatellide, 44 Turbinellide, 36 Turbinellus, 36 Turbo acutus, Donov., 179 costatus, Scacchi, 186 — elegantissimus, Mout., 179 — lacteus, Linn., 179 similis, Mont., 179 Turritella costulata, Mighels, 180 elegantissima, Flem., 179 — fulvocincta, Thomp., 179 — indistincta, Flem., 179 interrupta, Totten, 179 truncata, Flem., 180 Tylodina, 39 Tylodinina, 39 Typhis fimbriatus, 4. 4dams, nu. sp., 70 Umbonium, Link, 187 Umbonium chalconotum, 4. : ; i ; ns « ae © U siete ts ih hig RUTICILLA \ IGORSL, 6 Moore. MEN Hanhart, Imp‘ J Wolf, hth M&N.H anhart,Imp' RUTICILLA NIGROGULARIS.6./. Moore 25 2. A MonoGrapH oF THE Genus RuTIcILLA, witH DeEscrRiP- TIONS OF SOME NEw SPECIES. By Freperic Moors, Assist. Mus. East Inp1aA Company. (Aves, Pl. LVII.—LXI.) Genus Ruticiixa (Ray), Brehm. Syn. Ficedula, Boie. Phenicura, Swains. Chaimarrornis, Hodgs.* 1. Ruricrtua PHa@NIcURA, Linn. Syn. Motacilla phenicurus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 335. Sylvia pheenicurus, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 511; Gen. Hist. vii. p. 21. Ruticilla sylvestris, Brehm, Voeg. Deutschl. p. 363. t. 21. f. 4. Phenicura ruticilla, Swains. Class. of B. ii. p. 240. Gould, Birds of Eur. t. 95. Ficedula phenicura, Boie, Isis (1822), p. 553. Phenicura muraria, Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 489. Ruticilla phenicurus, Bonap. Geogr. Comp. List of B. p. 15, et C. G. Av. p. 296. G. R. Gray, Gen. of B.i. p. 180. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p. 133; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 168. ? Pheenicura albifrons, Brandt. The Redstart, Bewick. Hab. Europe; W. Asia; N. India. In Mus. East India Company. 2. RuTICILLA PHENICUROIDES, nobis. (Pl. LVII.) Forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat and breast black, extending much lower down on the latter than in R. pheenicura; crown, neck, back and upper wing-coverts ash, with a rufous tint, the ash palest on the crown; wings brown, with the edges of the exterior webs paler ; from breast to vent, under wing-coverts, upper and lower tail-coverts and tail (except the two medial feathers which are brown) tufous. Male. Length, 5 inches ; wing, 3, the first primary being a } inch longer, and the second a i inch shorter than in R. phenicura; tail, 23; bill to gape, ;7,, more elongated, not so broad at base, and it is also a trifle longer; and tarse, 4. Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company. This species is closely allied to R. phenicura, but is readily di- stinguished from it in the absence of the white on the front of the crown. | 3. Ruricriya TiTHYys, Scopoli. Syn. Sylvia tithys, Scopoli, Ann. i, p. 157. Lath. Ind. Orn, ii. p- 912; Gen. Hist. vii. p. 23. Ruticilla tithys, Brehm, Voeg. Deutsch]. p. 365. Gould, Birds of Eur. t.96. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180, et Cat. Brit. B. in B. M. p. 62. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. ? Motacilla erythacus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 335. * Altered to Chaemarrhornis by Agassiz, in his ‘Nomenclator Zoologicus’. 26 ? Motacilla gibraltariensis, Gmel. 8. N. L.1. p. 987. ? Motacilla atrata, Gmel. 8S. N. L. i. p. 988. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p- 514 (nec Lath. Gen. Hist.). The Black Redstart, Kyton. Hab. Europe; W. Asia; N. Africa. 4, RUTICILLA NIPALENSIS, Hodgson. Syn. Pheenicura nipalensis, v. atrata, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 83. Sylvia atrata, Lath. Gen. Hist. vii. p. 26 (nec Gmel. et Lath. Ind. Orn.). Phenicura atrata, Jard. et Selby, Il. Ind. Orn. t. 86. f.3. Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832) p. 92. Jerd. Madras Journ. x. p. 267. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 190. Ruticilla atrata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Hodgs. Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Ruticilla indica, Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A.S. Beng. p. 168 (1850). Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Black Indian Redstart, Jard. et Selby. Thirt-hira (i. e. Shaker), Hind., Jerdon. Thirthir Kumpa, Plains, Royle. Phirira or Lalgirdi, Beng., Dr. F. (Buch.) Hamilton, MS. ii. p. 94. Hab. India generally. In Mus. Kast India Company. ““This species is very common in most parts of India during the cold weather, but more so in the table-land, I think, than in the Car- natic. It is solitary, frequenting wooded places, gardens, hedges, old walls and out-buildings, being often seen about the roofs of houses. It feeds on the ground, on wasps, ants, and various other insects. Has a most peculiar quivering motion of its tail, especially after feeding.””—Jerdon. 5. Rutic1tta Hopesont, nobis. (Pl. LVIII.) Syn. Phenicura ruticilla, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 82 (nec Swains.). ae Reevesii, Hodgs. Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 67 (nec J. E. Gray). Phenicura Reevesit, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 963 (nec J. E. Gray). Ruticilla erythrogastra, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 168 (nec Gildenst.). Tharcapni, Nepal, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal. In Mus. East India Company. Male: forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat and breast black ; fore part of crown clear white (much narrower than in R. phenicura); hind part of crown, neck, back and upper wing-coverts fine ash, lightest on the crown; wings above dusky brown, the exterior margin of the basal half of the secondaries white, forming a patch ; from the breast to vent, under wing-coverts, rump, upper and lower tail-coverts and tail (except the interior and exterior margins only of the two middle feathers which are dusky brown) rufous. The female may be readily 27 distinguished by a general pufty appearance, and by the relative length of wing, &e. Length, 6 inches ; wing, 33; tail, 25; bill to gape, £; and tarse, 2. 6. RuriciLLa RUFOGULARIS, nobis. (Pl. LIX.) Male: crown and back of neck mixed grey and ash; lores, ear- coverts and sides of neck black ; wings and medial tail-feathers dark brown; apical margin of the exterior web of the outer tail-feather dusky ; smaller wing-coverts (except the feathers immediately on the shoulder), scapulars, basal portion of the speculars, and apical margins of the greater wing-coverts white; exterior margin of the secondaries pale rufescent ; throat and breast, back and upper tail- coverts and tail rufous; abdomen, under wing- and tail-coverts pale rufescent. Female: cinereous brown above, rufescent beneath ; wings dark brown, margined with pale rufescent ; lower part of back, upper tail-coverts and tail rufous, the two medial feathers dark brown, ex- terior margin of the outer dusky. Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company. 7. RUTICILLA ERYTHROGASTRA, Gildenstadt. Syn. Motacilla erythrogastra, Gildenst. Nov. Comm. Petrop. xix. p. 469. t. 16,17. Gmel. 8S. N. L. i. p. 975. Sylvia erythrogastra, Lath. Ind. Orn.-i. p. 503; Gen. Hist. vii. aiDhe fi Motacilla ceraunia, Pallas, Zoogr.i. p. 478. Ruticilla grandis, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1849) p. 112. Ruticilla erythrogastra, Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 50. The Chestnut-bellied Warbler, Lath. Hab. Cashmere; Kumaon; Nepal (No. 969. Hodgs. Catal.). In Mus. East India Company. “This species frequents the gravelly hollows of the Caucasian tor- rents during the whole of the summer, and migrates southward, in search of food, on the approach of winter ; it runs along the banks of rivers ; is restless, but not fearful ; often moving its tail while sitting on the low shrubs; it makes its nest among the branches of the sea buckthorn, of the berries of which it is very fond.’’—Giildenstadt. 8. Ruticitia Vieorst, nobis. (Pl. LX.) Female : above, head, neck and back cinereous ; wings dusky, with paler margins ; beneath rufescent; upper tail-coverts and tail rufous, the two medial feathers dusky, as is also the exterior web of the outer and tip of each feather, but paler; bill and legs black. Length, 7 inches; wing, 41; first quill 14 inch shorter than the second, the third 8 longer than the second, fourth and fifth equal and longest, the third and sixth equal and but a trifle shorter than the fourth and fifth, the seventh a+ inch longer than the second, the eighth 4 shorter than the second; tail, 3; bill to gape, £; and tarse, 1. Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company. 28 This may eventually prove to be the female of a species allied to R. erythrogastra, but having no white wing-patch. 9. RuTicILLa AUROREA, Pallas. Syn. Motacilla aurorea, Pall. Zoogr.i. p.477. Kittl. Kupf. Veg. t. 26. f.1. Gmel. S. N. L.i. p. 976. Lath. Hist. vii. p. 92. Phenicura Reevesii, J. E. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1832) p.1. M‘Clel- land, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 161. Ruticilla avrorea, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180 (excel. syn.). Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Lusciola aurorea, Schlegel, Faun. Japon. t. 21 p. Daurian Warbler, Lath. Reeves’s Redstart, Gray. Hab, Assam; China; Japan. In Mus. East India Company. Male: forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat, fore part of breast, back, upper wing-coverts, apical and basal portion of the secondaries and tertiaries, and the two medial tail-feathers black ; exterior margin of the outer tail-feather and apical margin of the rest dusky black ; me- dial portion of both webs of the secondaries and tertiaries white ; crown of head and back of neck slaty ash, rather whitish above the ear-coverts ; breast, abdomen, under wing-coverts, upper and lower tail-coverts and tail (except as above) rufous. Female: above brown, the wing-patch rufescent white ; beneath rufescent ; upper and lower tail-coverts and tail (except the medial feathers of the latter which are dusky brown) rufous; bill and legs black. Length, 5 inches ; wing, 3; tail, 23; bill to gape, $; and tarse, 4. 10. Rutrcrtua LevcopTeRa, Blyth. Syn. Phenicura leucoptera, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xii. p. 962. Ruticilla leucoptera, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p. 134; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 168. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Hab. Malacca; Java. In Mus. As. Soc. Bengal. “Size of R. phenicura, and much resembling in plumage R. nipa- lensis, but smaller and the wings much shorter than in the latter species ; it is also generally similar to R. phenicura, but has no white on the forehead, which, with the crown, neck, and fore part of the back, are ash-grey ; the middle of the back is black, as are also the lores, ear-coverts, throat and breast ; and the rest of the under parts, with the rump and tail, except the medial feathers of the latter, are bright ferruginous, the exterior web of the outermost tail-feather being marked with dusky ; wings dusky, having a large white patch occu- pying the base of the secondaries and tertiaries, extending over both webs of each feather; bill and feet black. According to season, the dorsal plumage is margined with brown edgings, the under parts more slightly with greyish, and the wing-coverts with brown. Fe- male plain brown above, paler beneath, with rufous tail, and the same great white wing-patch as in the male. ‘Length about 6 inches; of wing, 23; tail, 23; bill to gape, 3; tarse, 3.” 29 11. RuricinLa C#RULEOCEPHALA, Vigors. Syn. Phenicura ceruleocephala, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1830, p. 35. Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 25.f.2. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xi. p.190. Ruticilla ceruleocephala, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Hodgs. Catal. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p.134; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.168. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company. 12. Ruticrtia scuisticers, Hodgson. Syn. Phenicura schisticeps, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise.(1844) p.83. Ruticilla schisticeps, Hodgs. Catal. B. of Nep. p.69, et App. p.153. Hab. Nepal (No. 813. Hodgs. Catal.). ‘Side of the head and neck, back, wings and tail black; top of the head pale slaty blue; throat and large patch on each wing white ; lower part of breast and abdomen rufous chestnut. “Length, 6 inches; wing, 3 inches 4 lines ; bill from gape, 7 lines; tarse, 103 lines.” The only known example of this species is in the British Museum. 13. RuTictLta NiGROGULARIS, nobis. (Pl. LXI.) Crown of the head slaty blue, lightest on the forehead ; lores, ear- coverts, throat, back of neck, back, upper wing-coverts, two middle tail-feathers entirely, and the rest (except the basal portion) black ; wings blackish brown, the scapulars, outer edges of the secondaries and under wing-coverts white ; breast, flanks, belly, rump, upper and lower tail-coverts and base of tail (except the two middle feathers) bright chestnut ; the vent and under tail-coverts have a few white feathers intermixed ; bill and legs black. Length, 6 inches; wing, 33; tail, 25; bill to gape, #; tarse, 2. Hab. Nepal (No. 813*. Hodgs. Catal.). In Mus. East India Company. This species is closely allied to R. schésticeps, but differs in having the throat black instead of white. 14. RuticriLa FRONTALIS, Vigors. Syn. Phenicura frontalis, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1831, p.172. Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 26. f.1. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 190. Ruticilla frontalis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Hodgs. Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 134; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 168. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Ruticilla melanura, Less. Rev. Zool. (1840) p. 265. Phenicura tricolor, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 83. Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company. 15. Ruticitya ruLiernosa, Vigors. Syn. Phenicura fuliginosa, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1830, p. 35. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 190. Ruticilla fuliginosa, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 180. Hodgs. Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, Jour. A. 8S. Beng. xvi. p. 134; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 169. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. 30 Pheenicura plumbea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 185. Ruticilla simplex, Less. Rey. Zool. (1840) p. 265. Phenicura rubricauda, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) p. 82 (the male). Phenicura lineoventris, Hodgs. MS. (the female). Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company. « Found along rivers, near or among mountains, haunts rocks just appearing above the torrent. Feeds on coleopterous insects. Con- tinually spreading its tail out like a fan, and in a vibrating manner.” —Griffith. 16. RuTiciLLaA LEUCOCEPHALA, Vigors. Syn. Phenicura leucocephala, Vigors, P. Z. 8. 1830, p. 35. Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 26. f. 1. Sylvia erythrogastra, var. A, Lath. Hist. vii. p. 28. Ruticilla leucocephala, Less. Rev. Zool. (1840) p. 265. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p. 180. Hodgs. Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 134; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 169. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 296. Chaimarrornis leucocephalus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844) . 82. : The White-capped Redstart. Gir-Chaondeea, Hind., Hardwicke. Kalee pholia, Mohun Ghats, Royle. Hab. N. India. In Mus. East India Company. «This species is extremely common in the valley of the Dhoon, and also in the hills, along the banks of streams and rivers, flitting from rock to rock and stone to stone, and eternally shaking and spreading its tail.” —Hutton. 17. RuTicrtLLa ERYTHRONOTA, Eversman. Syn. Sylvia erythronota, Eversm. Addend. Pallas, Zoogr. Fasc. ii. Ruticilla erythronota, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, i. p.180. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 297. Hab. Caucasus (non vidi). 3. CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS THE NaturRAL History OF THE AuricuLip#&, A Famity or PutmMonitrerRous MOLLUvSsCa ; witH DerscrIPTIONS OF MANY New SPECIES FROM THE Cumineian Couitection. By H. anp A. ADAMS. Dr. Pfeiffer, in the ‘ Zeitschrift fiir Malacozoologie,’ has very naturally divided the Auriculide into two subfamilies, viz. duricu- line, including those genera which live on the land, and of which the peritreme of the shells is thickened or expanded; and the Me- lampine, or those which are amphibious or living in brackish water, and in which the peritreme of the shell is straight and acute. To the first subfamily belong El/obium (or Auricula), Pythia (or Sea- rabus), Cassidula, Alevia, Carychium, and Plecotrema, a new genus 3) proposed by the authors of this communication ; to the other sub- family the following genera will appertain, viz. Melampus, Tralia, Ophicardelus, Laimodonta, Marinula, Leuconia, Pedipes, and Otina. The last-mentioned genus, according to the observations of Dr. Gray*, only seems to differ from Pedipes in the shell beg ear-shaped and not supplied with tooth-like plaits. In the present as in former com- munications, the authors have endeavoured to arrange the synonymy and indicate the generic position of the numerous species of Auricu- lide. Genus CassipuLA, Férussac. Shell oval, subconic, solid; spire short, obtuse ; aperture narrow, longitudinal; inner lip plicate anteriorly, thickened and reflected; outer lip reflected, with an internal marginal callus, sinuated posteriorly. Sidula, Gray ; Detracia, Gray ; Rhodostoma, Swainson. 1. CasstpuLA correA, Chemnitz. Voluta coffea, Chemn. (not Linn.) ix. p. 45. t. 121. f. 1043, 1044. —Bulimus auris-felis, Brug. Dict. no. 77; Encyecl. Méth. Vers, p. 343.—Auricula felis, Lamk. Hist. viii. p. 326.—Cassidula Chem- nitzii, Beck, Ind. Moll. 2. CASSIDULA NUCLEUS, Gmelin. Helix nucleus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p. 3651. no. 255.—Auricula nu- cleus, Martyn, Univ. Conch. t.67; Lamk. Hist. viii. p. 335. no. 21.— Conovulus nucleus, Féruss. Prodr. p. 195. no. 26. 3. CassipuLA Krauss, Kiister. Auricula Kraussii, Kist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 24. t. 3. f. 6-8: 4, CASsIDULA MUSTELINA, Deshayes. Auricula mustelina, Desh. Encycl. Méth. Vers, ii. p. 92. no. 14. 5. CassipULA RUGATA, Menke. Auricula rugata, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holland. p. 7. no. 15. 6. CasstpuLA CumINGIANA, Recluz. Conovulus Cumingianus, Recluz, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvii. p. 295 (1846). 7. CASSIDULA ANGULIFERA, Petit. Auricula angulifera, Petit, Rev. Zool. vol. iv. p. 101; Menke, Moll. Nov. Holland. p. 8. no. 16. 8. CAssIDULA DOLIOLUM, Petit. Auricula doliolum, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. December 1842; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xii. p. 347. 9. CasstpULA SuULCULOSA, Mousson. Auricula sulculosa, Mouss. Land- und Siisswass. Moll. v. Java, p. 45. pl. 5. f. 9. * Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. January 1854, p. 74. 32 10. CasstpuLA SowERBYANA, Pfeiffer. Auricula (Cassidula) Sowerbyana, Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Malacozool. 1853, p. 125. 11. Cassiputa FABA, Menke. Auricula (Cassidula) faba, Menke, Zeitschr. f. Malacozool. 1853, p. 124. 12. Casstputa zonata, H. et A. Adams. C. testa parva, ovato-conoidea, fusca, zonis rufis inequalibus cincta, transver- sim punctato-striata, suturis marginatis; apertura angusta ; columella biplicata, postice tuberculo unico, plicam medianam magnam cirea regionem umbilicalem carinam formante ; labro extus incrassato, intus marginato, in medio unidentato. Hab. Sydney, under stones, low water. Mus. Cuming. 13. CasstpuLA prEcussATA, H. et A. Adams. C. testa ovata, crassa, fusca, spira obtusa, lineis impressis, transversis et longi- tudinalibus valde decussata ; lira elevata ad suturas ; apertura oblonga, angusta; columella triplicata, plica postica obsoleta, tuberculiformi ; labro marginato, postice resecto, extus albido. Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming. Subgenus Strona, H. and A. Adams. Shell ovato-cylindrical ; spire obtuse ; whorls transversely striated ; aperture linear; inner lip with two anterior plaits; outer lip thick- ened internally, posteriorly sinuated. 14. Cassiputa (Strona) Avena, Petit. Auricula avena, Petit, Revue Zool. vol. v. p. 106 (1842). 15. CassrpuLa (S1oNA) FRUMENTUM, Petit. Auricula frumentum, Petit, Revue Zool. vol. v. p. 105 (1842). 16. Casstpuxa (S1onA) TRITICEA, Philippi. Auricula triticea, Philippi (in litt.), Kuster, p. 49 (not identified). Genus Autexia, Leach. Shell oblong-ovate ; spire acuminate ; aperture elongate ; inner lip 3-5-plaited ; outer lip with the margin reflexed, thickened, or dentate internally. Phytia, Gray; Pythia, Beck (not Bolten); Ovatella, Bivona; Jaminea, Brown (part.). 1. ALEXIA DENTICULATA, Montagu. Voluta denticulata, Mont. Test. Brit. p. 234. t. 20. f. 5.—Voluta ringens, Turt. Conch. Dict.—Auricula myosotis, Jeffr. (not Drap.). —Acteon denticulata, Fleming, Brit. Anim. 2. ALEXIA PERSONATA, Michaud. Carychium personatum, Mich. Compl. 4 Drap. p. 73. no. 2. pl. 15. 33 f. 42, 43.—Auricula personata, Lamk. Hist. ed. Desh. tom. viii. p. 334.no.18; Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil. ii. p. 118. no. 3.—Auricula tenella, Menke, Syn. 3. ALEXIA REFLEXILABRIS, D’Orbigny. Auricula reflexilabris, D’Orbig. Voy. dans ’ Amér. Mérid. tab. 6. p- 140. 4. Atexia myosotts, Draparnaud. Auricula myosotis, Draparn. Moll. pl. 3. f. 16, 17; Blainv. Malac., p- 453, pl. 37 bis, f. 6.—Voluta denticulata, Dillw. Cat. t.i. p. 506. no. 18.—Auricula pellucens, Menke, Syn. 5. Avexsa acuta, D’Orbigny. Auricula acuta, D’Orb. Syn. Mag. de Zool. 1835, p. 23. no. 2. 6. Auexta Kutscuierana, Kiister. Auricula Kutschigiana, Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 55. t. 8. f. 11-14. 7. Auexta BiAsouettiana, Kiister. Auricula Biasolettiana, Kiist. Chemn. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 56. t. 8. f. 18-20. 8. Atex1a Bermupensis, H. et A. Adams. A. testa ovato- conica, spira producta, acuta, fusca, nitida, longitudinaliter substriata ; anfractibus sex, planiusculis, suturis marginatis ; apertura ovali, postice acuta ; columella biplicata, plica postica valida ; labro subreflexo, albido-marginato. Hab. Bermuda. Mus. Cuming. Genus Carycuium, Miller. Shell subcylindrical ; spire elevated ; whorls few, rounded; aper- ture small ; inner lip straight, with a single fold; outer lip thickened and rather reflexed. Auricella (part.), Jurine. 1. Carycurum minimvuM, O. F. Miller. Carychium minimum, O. F. Mill. Hist. Verm. ii. p. 125. no. 321. —Heliz carychium, Gmel. p. 3665.—Turbo carychium, Dillw. Cat. il. p. 880.—Auricula minima, Drap. Moll. de France, p. 57. t. 3. f. 18, 19.—Bulimus minimus, Brug. Encycl. Méth. Vers, i. no. 21. —Auricella carychium, Hartm. in Sturm’s Fauna, vi. Heft 6. tab. 1. —Odostomia carychium, Flem. Edin. Encycl.—Auricula minima, Lamk.—Carychium pygmeum, Mich.— Auricula pygmea, Desh.— Carychium nanum, Kist. (var.) p. 5. 2. CaRYCHIUM ExIGUUM, Say. Pupa ewigua, Say, Journ. Philad. ii. p. 375.—Carychium exiguum, Kiist. Chemn. (Auriculacea) t. 1. f. 13, 14. No. CCLXII.—Proceepineés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 34 3. CARYCHIUM SPELZUM, Rossmassler. Carychium speleum, Rossm. Iconograph. ixx. p. 36. no. 2. pl. 49. f. 661. 4. CARYCHIUM SPECTABILE, Rossmassler. Carychium spectabile, Rossm. ixx. p. 36. no. 1. pl. 49. f. 659. 5. Carycutum Inpicum, Benson. Carychium Indicum, Bens. Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist.; 2nd ser. iv. p. 194. Genus OrpHIcARDELUS, Beck. Shell ovate-oblong, umbilicated, smooth ; spire elevated, subconic ; aperture oval; inner lip anteriorly dilated and reflexed, with two plaits at the fore part, the posterior spiral, forming an elevated ridge round the umbilical region ; outer lip thin, simple. 1. OpHicarDELUs AusTRALIs, Bruguitre. Bulimus australis, Brug. Encyel. Méth. p. 347.—Auricula au- stralis, Desh. Lamk. Hist. Nat. deux. édit. tom. vill. p. 333. no. 15; Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de l’Astrol. ii. p. 169. pl. 13. f. 34-38.—duri- cula ovata, Gray, Spicil. Zool. p. 5. pl. 6. f. 21. 2. OpHicaRDELUS Quoy1, H. et A. Apams. O. testa ovato- conica, spira elata, conoidea, brunnea, fasciis angustis trans- versis cincta, levi, nitida, longitudinaliter striata ; anfractu ultimo carina spirali circa regionem umbilicalem circumeincto ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella biplicata ; labro intus via marginato et unilamellato. Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming. Subgenus Larmoponta, Nuttall. Shell oblong-ovate, imperforate, thin, transversely striated ; spire elevated, conic ; aperture oval ; inner lip with three plaits, the ante- rior small; outer lip with the margin acute, posteriorly sinuated, in- ternally with an elevated transverse ridge. Lirator, Beck. ? 3. OpHIcaRDELUS (LArmoponTA) TH£NIATA, Nuttall. Laimodonta teniata, Nutt. Sow. Manual. 4, OpuicarDELus (Larmoponta) SANDWICHENSIS, Eydoux et Souleyet. Auricula Sandwichensis, Eyd. et Soul. Voy. Bonite, pl. 29. f. 29, 30. 5. OpwicarpDELus (LArmoponTA) concrinna, C. B. Adams. Auricula concinna, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 208. no. 310. 6. OpHicarpELus (Laimoponta) suucara, H. et A. Adams. O. testa ovata, spira conica, elongata, apice erosa, brunnea, fasciis tribus pallidis transversis ornata, transversim sulcata, liris intermediis subgranulosis instructa; apertura angusta ; 35 columella biplicata, plica postica earinam spiralem cirea regio- nem umbilicalem formante ; labro acuto, simplice, intus levi. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 7. OpuicaRDELUS (Larmoponta) Layarnt, H. et A. Adams. O. testa ovato-conica, rufo-fusca, fascia alba, lata, transversa ornata; spira elata, apice acuta, anfractibus planis, transversin suleatis ; apertura ovata ; columella triplicata, plicis posterio- ribus validis ; labro intus unilamellato, margine acuto. Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Layard). Mus. Cuming. Genus Marinuta, King. Foot simple inferiorly, without a transverse groove. Shell ovate-oblong, imperforate, solid, smooth ; apex short, acute ; aperture obovate ; inner lip broad, excavated, with three plaits, the posterior the largest ; outer lip posteriorly sinuated, internally simple, the margin acute. 1. Marrinuta pepita, King. Marinula pepita, King. Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 344.—Auricula pepita, Reeve, Conch. Syst. t. 187. f. 1.— Pythia pepita, Beck, Ind. Moll.—Conovulus triplicatus, Anton, Verzeich. p- 48. no. 1779. 2. MARINULA PATULA, Lowe. Melampus patulus, Lowe, Mon. Melamp. Zool. Journ. vol.v. p.289. 3. MARINULA MARINELLA, King. Auricula marinella, King, Zool. Journ. vol. v.—Auricula nigra, Phil. in litt. Kiist. Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) t. 3. f. 4, 5. p. 23. 4, Marinuua CAaLuaoEnsis, Petit. Auricula Callaoensis, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. 5. Marinus Reciuziana, Petit. Auricula Recluziana, Petit, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 201. 6. MArRINnULA CYMB2FORMIS, Recluz. Auricula cymbeformis, Recluz. Rev. Zool. 7. Marrtnvuta puncrTaAtTA, Bivona. Ovatella punctata, Bivon. Nuov. Gen. e Spec. p. 4. t. 2. f. 12.— Auricula villosa, Fér.—Auricula Firminii, Payraud, Cat. Moll. Corse, pl. 5. f. 10.—Melampus Firminii, Lowe. 3. Marinuxa aaQua.is, Lowe. Melampus equalis, Lowe, Zool. Journ. (Mon. Melamp.) vol. v. p- 288. t. 12. f. 1-4.—Melampus gracilis, Lowe (var.). 9. MarinuLa xanTHostoma, H. and A. Adams. WM. testa ovato-oblonga, solida, leviuscula, nitida, fulva; spira acuta, anfractibus 5, convexiusculis ; apertura oblongo-ovata, lutea ; 36 columella triplicata, plica postica pervalida; labro acuto, in medio vie incrassato, postice sinuato. Hab. Moreton Bay. Mus. Cuming. Genus Pepires, Adanson. Foot furnished inferiorly with a transverse groove. Shell subglobose, imperforate, transversely striated ; spire short, obtuse ; aperture narrow; inner lip flattened and excavated, with three plaits, the posterior the largest ; outer lip posteriorly sinuated, with two teeth internally ; margin acute. 1. Pepirrs Arra, Gmelin. Helix Afra, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 3651. no. 194.—Pedipes, Adan- son, Voy. au Senegal, p. 11. pl. 1. f. 4. —Pedipes Adansonii, Blainv. Dict. t. xl. p. 288. 2. Prepires ANGULATA, C. B. Adams. Pedipes angulata, C. B. Adams, Shells of Panama, p. 207. no. 308. 3. Pepiprrs ovauis, C. B. Adams. 4, PEDIPES QUADRIDENS, Pfeiffer. 5. PEDIPES GLOBULUS, Féruss. Genus Levconra, Gray. Shell ovate-oblong, imperforate, smooth; spire conical ; aperture elongate-oval ; inner lip with two plaits anteriorly ; outer lip smooth internally, the margin simple. 1, Levconta aLBa, Montagu. Voluta alba, Mont. Test. Brit. 235; Turt. Dict.—Auricula alba, Gray, Aun. Phil. xv.; Jeffr. Linn. Trans. xvi. 370; Forbes, Malac. Monensis, 12.—Valvaria alba, Flem. Brit. Anim. ; Walker, Min. Shells, f. 61.—Voluta bidentata, Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl. 100. t. 30. f. 2.—Auricula bidentata, Féruss. Tab. Moll. 103. —Auricula erosa, Jeffr. (var.) 2. Lrvuconta Say, Kiister. Auricula Sayi, Kiist. Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 42, £6. f, 14.4 3. LrucontA MICROSTOMA, Kiister. Auricula microstoma, Kiist. Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab. (Auricu- lacea) p. 52. t. 1. f. 18, 19. 4. Leuvconra Micuent, Mittré. Auricula Micheli, Mittré, Rev. Zool. vol. iv. p. 66. 5. Levuconta Bivona, Philippi. Auricula Bivona, Phil. in litt. Kiister, Chemn. Neuer Conch. Cab. (Auriculacea) p. 20. t. 2. f. 14, 15. Proc. Z.S. Mollusca PL XXVIL Sowerby. Ford & West Imp: |. Tureica monilifera._ 4:Typhis grandis._ 7 Zizrpkinus spectabilis 2 Clanculus nodulosus._ 5. Eudora coronata.— 8Delphmula Martini S-Larma Strangei._ 6, Desmoulea rméens._.9Rostellaria melanocheilus 37 6. Lruvconia AURICELLA, Férussac. Auricula auricella, Féruss. Prodr. p. 103. no. 5; Kiister, Auricu- lacea, p. 47. t. 7. f. 12, 13. Genus PLecotrema, H. et A. Adams. Shell ovato-conic, solid, umbilicated ; spire elevated, acute ; aper- ture contracted, oblong ; inner lip with three plaits, the middle one bifid; outer lip with a marginal varix, internally bidentate. (Proc. Z. S. 1853. p. 120.) 1. PLecorremMA sBeuua, H. et A. Adams. P. testa ovato- conica, late umbilicata ; spira acuminata, anfractibus gradatis, ad suturas angulatis, liris transversis, granulatis, equalibus concinne insculptis ; apertura parva, peristomate libero ; labio triplicato, plica mediana duplicata; labro intus bidentato, extus incrassato, limbato. Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 4. FurtHer ContTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS THE NATURAL History OF THE TROCHID#Z: WITH THE DeEscRIPTION oF A NEW GENUS AND OF SEVERAL New SPECIES, FROM THE Cumine1An CottectTion. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S. etc. (Mollusca, Pl. XXVII.) Genus Turcica, A. Adams. (Nov. gen.) Shell conoidal, thin, subdiaphanous, imperforate ; whorls with transverse series of granules, the last rounded at the periphery ; colu- mella solid, spirally twisted at the upper part, ending below or ante- riorly in an obtuse prominent point ; outer lip thin, simple, acute. This genus is founded on a beautiful trochoid shell from Australia, having somewhat the aspect and singular texture of a Ziziphinus ; the great peculiarity, however, of the spirally-contorted columella distinguishes it from all the species of that genus. 1. TurcicaA MonitireRA, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 1.) T. testa conoidea, subdiaphana, tenui, imperforata, fulva, aureo-nitente; anfractibus convexiusculis, cingulis monili- Sormibus, transversis, interstitiis oblique striatis, insculptis ; suturis canaliculatis ; anfractu ultimo cingula granulorum, in serie duplici dispositorum, ornato ; basi convexa, cingulis granu- losis granulis nonnullis fuscis instructa ; apertura suborbi- culari ; columella superne spirali, antice in dentem desinente ; labro margine acuto, intus lirato. Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia. Mus. Cuming. 2. Zizipuinus spectasiiis, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 7.) Z. testa conoidea, solida, imperforata, nitida, carneo-fulvescente ; anfractibus planulatis, cingulis transversis, moniliformibus, granulis albidis, interstitiis subpurpureis, alternantibus ornatis ; 38 anfractu ultimo rotundato, infima facie concentrice et valde lirato, regione umbilicali alba; columella solida, arecuata ; apertura subquadrata ; labro margine acuto, intus sulcato. Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming. 3. Zizreuinus spectiosus, A.Adams. Z. testa pyramidali-conica, imperforata, carnea, rufo variegata et punctata; anfractibus planulato-concavis, liris transversis, subgranulatis, majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus, granulis nonnullis rufo-fuscis, insculptis ; anfractu ultimo obtuse angulato, basi concentrice exarato, regione umbilicali impressa, callo rufo cincta; aper- tura subquadrata ; columella solida, subarcuata, antice vix truncata ; labro intus lirato, margine in medio subangulato. Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming. 4. ZizrpHinus comptus, A. Adams. Z. testa elevato-conica, im- perforata, alba, rubro sparsim punctata, apice atro-purpurea ; anfractibus planiusculis, suturis canaliculatis, cingulis trans- versis, granulosis, lineis elevatis alterndntibus ornatis, granu- lis nitidissimis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato; apertura qua- drato-orbiculari ; columella arcuata, in medio vix tuberculata ; labro acuto, simplice, intus lirato. Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming. 5. ZizipHinus sciruuus, A. Adams. Z. testa turbinato-conica, late et profunde umbilicata, carnea, rufo variegata ; anfracti- bus convewis, ad suturas marginatis, liris transversis, asperu- latis, rubro articulatis ornatis; anfractu ultimo rotundato, ad peripheriam vix carinato, basi convexo, radiatim striato et con- centrice lirato; apertura orbiculari, columella arcuata, in me- dio excavata. Hab. New Zealand (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming. 6. ZizipHinus EvGiyptvus, A. Adams. Z. testa conoidea, solida, tmperforata, carnea, rubro pallide variegata, apice atro-pur- purea; anfractibus convexiusculis, cingulis transversis, monili- Sormibus, majoribus cum minoribus alternantibus ornatis; an- Sractu ultimo rotundato, basi convexiusculo, cingulis granulosis, concentricis insculpta, regione umbilicali alba; apertura sub- quadrangulari ; columella solida, convexa, rectiuscula, antice subtruncata. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land. Mus. Cuming. 7. Monttea Menxet, A. Adams. WM. testa orbiculato-conoidea, umbilicata, sordide alba; anfractibus convexiusculis, supremis transversim liratis, interstitus longitudinaliter rugoso-reticu- latis, infimis cingulis granulosis, confertis, granulis nonnullis majoribus ornatis ; umbilici margine callo carneo, spirali, stri- ato cincto ; columella in medio sinuata, callo refleco instructa, antice bituberculata ; labro intus levi. Hab. Masbate, Philippines. Mus. Cuming. 39 8. Montiea Puinipri, A. Adams. WM. testa orbiculato-conoi- dea, umbilicata, sordide carnea, fusco radiatim picta ; anfractibus convexiusculis, cingulis transversis, equalibus, crenulatis, inter- stitiis longitudinaliter striatis ornatis ; margine umbilici callo spirali, fusco, radiatim striato cincto; columella in medio sinuata, ecallosa, antice obsolete bituberculata. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. The species most nearly resembling this is the Trochus Belcheri of Philippi, which I imagine is the Trochus calyculus of Wood. 9. CLancuLus NopuLosus, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 2.) C. testa turbinato-conoidea, imperforata, albida, rubro varie- gata; anfractibus transversim sulcatis, et cingulis granosis ornatis, superne serie tuberculorum coronatis ; sutura canali- culata ; anfractu ultimo ambitu sulcato, ad peripheriam tuber- culato, basi planiusculo, cingulis granosis ornato; columella superne soluta, tortuosa, antice tuberculata; margine umbilici crenulato ; labro intus transversim sulcato, margine dentato- lirato. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land. Mus. Cuming. This species has most of the characters of a Clanculus, but the whorls are nodulous and not granular. 10. OmpHatiusca.atus, A. Adams. 0. testa orbiculato-conoi- dea, apice obtusa, umbilicata, livido-carnea; anfractibus planius- culis, cingulis granorum confertis, equalibus insculptis, inter- stitiis striatis, ultimo ad peripheriam subangulato ; umbilico aperto, intus callo spirali instructo, callo antice dilatato et tuberculato ; apertura orbiculari ; columella arcuata, simplice ; labro intus levi. Hab. Mogador. Mus. Cuming. The character of this shell is so peculiar, on account of the inter- nal spiral callus of the umbilicus, and the absence of characters which constitute allied forms, that I propose to consider it a subgenus of Omphalius, under the name of Anadema. 11. Ompuativs sticricus, A. Adams. O, testa depresso-conica, late et profunde umbilicata, rufescente, fusco maculata ; anfrac- tibus planis, cingulis nigro alboque articulatis, anfractu ultimo ad peripheriam angulato, basi convexa, concentrice sulcata ; apertura orbiculari ; umbilico aperto, perspectivo. Hab. New Caledonia. Mus. Cuming. This is a very pretty little species, of a trochoid form, but some- what difficult to refer to any known group; the form is like Chloro- stoma, the markings like those of Gibéula, and the umbilicus as in Omphalius. 12. GipBuLA PULCHERRIMA, A. Adams. G. testa umbilicata, turbinato-conoidea, alba, flammis coccineis radiatim picta ; an- JSractibus convexis, cingulis granulosis, transversis ornatis, ad suturas plicato-nodosis, sutura canaliculata; anfractu ultimo rotundato, ad peripheriam canaliculato, basi convexa, maculis 40 quadratis, in serie spirali dispositis ornata, et cingulis grano- sulis insculpta; apertura suborbiculari; columella in medio excavata, in dentem terminata; labro intus lirato, margine crenulato ; umbilico aperto, perspectivo. Hab. China Seas. In many respects this beautiful species of Gibbula resembles Om- phalius rubro-flammulatus, Koch. 13. Marearitra pitecta, A.Adams. WM. testa orbiculato-conica, late umbilicata, nitente, albida, fammulis rufis radiatim picta; anfractibus convewis, cingulis elevatis, acutis, supremis crenu- latis, interstitiis concinne longitudinaliter striatis ornatis ; basi convexa, albida, sublevi, radiatim striata ; umbilico per- spectivo, margine crenulato. Hab. Straits of Magellan. Mus. Cuming. 14. Marearira aspecta, A. Adams. WM. festa turbinato-conica, late umbilicata, grisea, aureo-nitente, fusco maculata; anfrac- tibus rotundis, ad suturas excavatis, cingulis elevatis, crenu- latis, subdistantibus, transversis, interstitiis longitudinaliter striatis ornatis ; basi convexa, cingulis concentricis insculpta ; umbilico magno, aperto, cingula elevata cincto, intus liris con- centricis et lineis radiantibus decussato. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. 15. MarGarira BIANGULOSA, A. Adams. WM. testa orbiculato- conica, late umbilicata, levi, brunnea, lineolis undulatis, longi- tudinalibus eoncinne picta; anfractibus planulatis, superne angulatis, ultimo biangulato ; suturis marginatis ; basi convexa, .cingulis concentricis insculpta; umbilico perspectivo, margine erenulato, intus lineis transversis et radiantibus eleganter decussato. Hab. Siam. Mus. Cuming. P.S. Since my former communication on the Trochide, I have had an opportunity of seeing the monograph of Trochus by Dr. Phi- lippi, and am enabled to add a few corrections and additional syno- nyms. ZIZIPHINUS JAVANICUS, Lamarck. Trochus Javanicus, Lamk. Hist. Nat. no. 50; Phil. Trochus, pl. 18. f. 5.—Ziziphinus zonamestus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228, 1853. CHLOROSTOMA NIGERRIMUM, Gmelin. Trochus nigerrimus, Gmel.—Trochus niger, Chemn.—Chlorostoma corrugatum, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228, 1853 (var.). GrsBuLa Preissrana, Philippi. Trochus Preissianus, Phil. Zeit. fir Malac. 1848, p.123; Mon. T7ro- chus, pl. 28. f. 3.—Gibbula porcellana, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no, 228. p. 186, 1853. 41 GisspuLa LEHMANNI, Menke. Turbo Lehmanni, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl. p. 18. no. 48.—Trochus Lehmanni, Phil. Mon. Trochus, pl. 28. f. 15.—Gibbula pulchra, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228. p. 187, 1853. MoniLeEA CorRvGATA, Koch. Trochus corrugatus, Koch; Phil. Abbild. p. 67. Troch. t. 2. f. 7; Phil. Mon. Trochus, pl. 25. f. 9—Monilea lentiginosa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228. p. 188. MoniLEA CRENULATA, Menke. Monodonta crenulata, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl. p. 14. no. 52.— Trochus Solandri, Phil. Mon. Trochus, pl. 28. f. 8.—Monilea plum- bea, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 228. p. 188. DILOMA NIGERRIMA, Gmelin. Turbo nigerrimus, Gmel. Chemn. v. pl. 185. f. 1848.—Littorina nigerrima, Menke.—Turbo Quoy?t, Kien.—Turbo Araucanus, D’ Orb. 5. DescripTION oF A New GENUS AND OF SEVERAL New SpE- CIES OF GAsTEROPODOUS Mouuusca, FROM THE CUMINGIAN CotLection. By ArtHur Apams, F.L.S. etc. (Mollusca, Pl. XXVII.) Larina, A. Adams. (Noy. gen.) Operculum annular, horny, ovate; elements concentric; nucleus intramarginal near the middle of the inner edge. Shell imperforate, semiglobose, thin; spire obtuse; whorls few, tumid, covered with an olivaceous epidermis, the last large and ven- tricose ; aperture wide, ovate ; outer lip simple, regular, acute. This genus seems most to resemble Amphibola, but the operculum in that genus is subspiral, and not annular. From the circumstance of “Moreton Bay” being given as the locality, it would appear to be marine, thus affording us another example of a marine air-breathing Gasteropod. 1, Lartna Srrancer, A. Adams. (PI, XXVII. fig. 3.) L. testa suborbiculari, imperforata, vix rimata, tenut, ampullacea ; spira obtusa; anfractibus 3}, convewxis, transversim sulcatis, epidermide olivacea, sepius in lineis transversis elevata obtectis, anfractu ultimo ventricoso; apertura ovata, ampla; labro acuto, simplice. Hab. Moreton Bay (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming. In young specimens the epidermis is disposed in transverse spiral ridges, and the surface of the shell is conspicuously striated longitu- dinally ; in adult specimens the epidermis becomes abraded, and the surface exhibits some elevated transverse ridges. 42 2. Typuis GRANDIs, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 4.) T. testa ovato-oblonga, sublevigata, quadrifariam varicosa, varicibus angulosis, crenulatis, postice truncatis, alba, rufo-variegata ; anfractibus superne excavatis, in interstitis tubulosis ; apertura ovata, canali clauso ; labro eapanso, margine reflexo, crenulato. Hab. California. Mus. Cuming. A very large, white, solid species, with the whorls tinged with red- brown, and excavated near the sutures. 3. Camiti1a Grayi, A. Adams. C. testa orbiculari, convexo-conot- dea, levissima, carnea, maculis subquadratis rufescentibus ad suturas ornata ; peripheria albida, maculis transversalibus, rufo-fuscis, in seriebus duabus dispositis ; infima facie albida. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. 4, DetpainutA Martinu, A. Adams. (PI. XXVII. fig. 8.) D. testa subdiscoidea, late umbilicata, crassa, rubro-purpurea, transversim aspero-suleata, costis transversis, spinis squami- formibus, curvatis, laciniatis armatis, instructa ; spira retusa ; anfractibus superne angulatis, tuberculato-asperis, anfractu ultimo soluto, disjuncto; apertura orbiculari, peristomate di- latato, margine laciniato. Hab. Padang (Capt. Martin). Mus. Cuming. This is a large and handsome species, combining the form of D. tyrria with the laciniated ribs and sculpture of D. atrata of Chemnitz. 5. DesmMouLEa riNGENS, A. Adams. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 6.) D. testa ovato-acuta, ventricosa, rufo-fuscescente, longitudi- naliter plicata, transversim sulcata, cancellata, scabriuscula, suturis canaliculatis; anfractibus superne angulatis, ultimo sulco profundo ad basin instructo; apertura coarctata, ringente ; columella quadriplicata, plicis duabus anterioribus elatioribus ; labro inflexo, intus valde corrugato-plicato. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This singular shell has the characters of a Desmoulea, with the cancellated whorls and aspect of a Nassa; the ringent, plicate aper- ture is very conspicuous. 6. Guaprus (RosTELLARIA) MELANOCHEILUS, A. Adams. (PI. XXVII. fig. 9.) G. testa fusiformi-turrita, pallide castanea ; anfractibus convexiusculis, levibus, supremis longitudinaliter costatis, ultimo gibboso, antice transversim sulcato ; labio antice incrassato, refleco; labro margine dentato, fusco-nigrescente ; rostro prelongo, recto. Hab. Eastern Seas. Mus. Cuming. The characters of this species are constant both in young and adult specimens, and are such as clearly separate it from G. fusus, with which it has hitherto been confounded. Feoruary 14, 1854. Dr. Gray, Vice-President, in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. Description or a New Genus anv Species or SEAL (HELIOPHOCA ATLANTICA), FROM MADETRA. By J. E. Gray, Px.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. Some months ago Mr. MacAndrew most kindly procured for me the skin of a Seal from the island of Madeira. A careful examination of it convinced me that it was a new species, most allied to Phoca barbata of the North Sea, but yet quite distinct from it. Mr. Mac- Andrew, after considerable trouble, at length obtained for me another skin of an older animal, with its skull, which proves that it is not only a new species, but presents such a combination of characters as entitle it to be considered the type of a new genus. It is the only species of Seal which I believe has yet been found so near the tropics on the African coast. Both the specimens in the Museum came from the same cave in the Deserta Grande Island ; the larger skin is full-grown, the other younger. Knight, in his ‘Once on a Time,’ speaks of the seals as common near Funchal; he observes, “A multitude of seals rush out from that hollow with a sudden cry, and plunge into the waves; that point shall be Camara das Lobos, the cave of seals.”’ (i. p. 60.) Mr. MacAndrew observes, that there is an island near the Canaries called Isle Lobos, on account of the number of seals formerly found there. It is very difficult of access, and Mr. MacAndrew could not hear of any existing there now, or of any remains of them. The following are the characters of the genus :— HELIOPHOCA. Muzzle rather elongate, broad, hairy, with a slight groove between the nostrils ; whiskers small, quite smooth, flat, tapering. Fore-feet short ; fingers gradually shorter to the inner one; claws 5, flat, truncate. Hind-feet hairy between the toes ; elaws very small ; hair short, adpressed, with very little or no under fur. Skull depressed ; nose rather depressed, rather elongate, longer than the length of the zygomatic arch ; palate angularly notched behind. Cutting teeth 4 large, notched within, the middle upper much smaller, placed be- hind the intermediate ones. Canines, large, conical, sharp-edged. Grinders >=, large, crowded, placed obliquely with regard to the central palatine line; crown large, conical, with several small conic rhombic tubercles. Lower jaw angulated in front below with diverg- ing branches, the lower edge of the branches rounded, simple. The feet, palate, and teeth resemble those of the genus Callo- dd cephalus (C. communis), but the grinders are larger and less deeply lobed; and it has the smooth whiskers of the restricted genus Phoca (P. barbata). It differs from the latter genus in the depressed form of the skull, the large tubercular grinders, and the angular termination to the palate. As the other subtropical Seal, Phoca tropicalis (Gray, Cat. Seals B.M. 28), from Jamaica, described from an imperfect skin without a skull, has similar small smooth whiskers, it may very probably, when its skull has been examined, be found to belong to this genus, which will then prove to be a subtropical form of the family. Heliophoca Atlantica*. Fur short, adpressed, olive-gray, very obscurely grisled at the tips of the hairs: Chin and under parts of the body rather paler. Length 5 feet 5 inches. Hab. Madeira. R. MacAndrew, F.R.S., &e. While on the subject of Seals, I may draw the attention of natu- ralists on the coast of the Pacific to the account of the Sea Horses, said to be found in abundance on the seaward part of the island of St. Lorenza near Callao, mentioned in M. Bonelli’s Travels in Bo- livia, i. 90 & 128. I have never heard of the genus 7'richeus living out of the Arctic Ocean, and should have believed that the author had mistaken the Sea Bear (Otaria Leonina) for the Sea Horse, if he did not describe “the two great white tusks projecting from the mouth on either side,”’ and further observe, that “the tusks are of great value and form an im- portant article of commerce”’ (see i. 90), which cannot apply to the tusks of the Sea Bear. It is to be observed that the Peruvian continuation of the Antarctic current runs up the shores of Chili and Peru (see Journ. Roy. Geog. Soc. 1853) and chills that coast. This may explain why seals are found so near the tropics in those seas. I fear that M. Bonelli is not to be relied on for his natural-history observations, for he states that the cedar, mahogany and banyan trees (i.79), and the date-palm (i. 146) grow on the coast of Peru. * T have just received a well-preserved skin and the skeleton of this Seal from Algeria, under the name of Phoca leporina. It certainly cannot be the Phoca leporina of Lepechin, in Act. Acad. Petrop. 1777, 264. t. 8,9 = the Phoca Le- pechinii, Lesson, from the White Sea and the rivers flowing into it, which M. Nilsson considers to be the same as P. barbata; but I think this is doubtful, as Lepechin described the fur as dirty-white, sometimes with a yellow tinge without any spots, and the hair as erect, with abundance of under wool. The African Seal has very short, broad, closely adpressed hair, while Lepechin expressly states that the hair of P. leporina is not adpressed, but erect, and that his species is at once known from Phoca barbata by the large size of the grinders, which are very close together, and the last one very peculiarly placed across the line of the other teeth (Oct. 1854). 45 2. Norrs on THE Hasits or InpIAN Birps. Part II. By LiruTenant BurGEss. Family Strigipz. Genus Urrva, Hodgs. Urrua BENGALENSIS. I have found this large Owl common on the banks of the large rivers, as also amongst the low jungly hills and patches of brush- wood in the Central Deccan. It appears to prefer the small bushy ravines covered with high grass, which lead down from the high banks into the beds of the larger streams and rivers. When seated on the top of a bush in the dim twilight, it forms quite a formidable object, the gloom making it appear larger than it really is. It does not appear to be strictly nocturnal, as I met with one sitting on the sandy shore of the river Bheema some time after the sun had risen. I never found the eggs of this bird; but I have been in- formed, on good authority, that they make their nest at the foot of bushes in the tall grass, and lay four white eggs. I kept three nest- lings of this species for some time. When brought to me out of the nest, they were covered with down of a chestnut colour, spotted and streaked with dark brown. This Owl breeds during the months of March and April. Genus Noctua. Nocrva Inpica, Frank. This is a very common Owl in Western India, so much so that every grove, and almost every large tree, appears to have some of this clamorous family inhabiting its holes and crevices. It is a most noisy bird, screeching and screaming ere the shades of evening draw on, and becoming quite a nuisance to any one pitched under the tree frequented by them. It appears to be very little incommoded by a strong light, moving out of its hiding-place before the sun is down, flitting backwards and forwards amongst the branches and from tree to tree. In the month of June I saw a pair of these little Owls sitting on the bare branch of a tree, with the brilliant morning sun shining full on them ; in fact, they appeared to be sunning themselves. On another occasion I shot a pair, sitting on a ledge of rock, in the full blaze of the setting sun. If disturbed during the day, they fly about with the greatest activity, uttering their squabbling note, and look down on the intruder from above with eyes that appear in no way incommoded by the light. In the stomachs of the last pair above mentioned, I found the wing-cases and legs of beetles. This little owl breeds during the months of February and March, laying three or four eggs of a pure white colour, nearly 1,3, in. long and 1,); in. broad. They lay their eggs in holes of trees. 46 Order II. INsEssorEs. Tribe DENTIROSTRES. Family Laniapa. Subfamily Lantana. Genus Lantus. ' Lantus HarpwickIl. This handsome little Shrike migrates, I believe, from the Deccan for the purpose of breeding, probably resorting to the thickets and ravines of the Western Ghauts, and returning to the Deccan about September. I could not find its nest when on the hills in the month of October; but I shot a young bird, which may probably be the young of this species. I give a description of its plumage. Beak rich deep brown; chin and throat dirty brownish-white; under plumage and under tail-coverts white ; flanks dull grey ; white streak passing from the beak over the eye and ear-coverts ; ear-coverts and patch behind the eye dull black; top of the head and nape of the neck brownish-grey, the feathers having very pale whitish ferruginous tips ; feathers on the lower part of the neck and back are on their basal half grey, and the remaining portion greyish-brown with light tips. On the lower part of the back the feathers are very filmy and thick-set, of a grey colour, with a dark band near their ends, and tipped with white. Primaries hair-brown ; bastard wing brown ; greater coverts lighter brown with pale tips ; secondaries hair-brown ; tertials paler brown, with light edges. Tail consists of twelve feathers ; the twe outer are white, with pale brown near the ends on the outer webs. The next feather has also a dark spot near the tip on the inner web; the third feather is nearly black, with a white spot on the inner web about half an inch from the end ; the remaining feathers are of a black-brown, being nearly black on the inner webs; lesser coverts pale brown with light tips; feathers on the thighs of a pale grey-brown with white tips; legs and feet lead-colour ; claws pale brown; the legs and claws have a white powdered look in several places, especially near the junction of the scales. This may perhaps have been the young bird of the large rufous-backed Shrike, Lanius erythronotus. Lanius Excusiror. LarcGe Grey SHRIKE. This is very common in the Deccan. It is generally seen seated on the top of small babool trees, or other thorny bushes, in open country, and may be distinguished at some distance by its silvery-white breast. When disturbed, it flies low to some neighbouring bush, on the top of which it alights, uttering its harsh and grating cry. The Grey Shrike begins to breed as early as January, as a boy brought me a pair of nearly fledged young ones on the 2nd of February. They almost, if not invariably build in a thorn bush, and generally well into the centre. I subjoin a note penned at the time of finding one of their nests :—‘ 15th May. Saw a pair of Grey Shrikes building 47 in a place I never saw this species building in before, viz. on the outside branches of the babool tree. The nest was composed of a thorny twig or two of babool and thick bents of grass.’’ Another nest was made in a thorny bush, about 5 feet from the ground, and close to the stem of the bush; it was composed of twigs of the thorn bush, pieces of cotton and a piece of rag, with grass interwoven into it. This nest contained three eggs. It is now in the Museum of the Zoological Society. The eggs are a little less than an inch in length, by a little less than 8, in. wide, of a white ground, spotted and mot- tled, especially at the large end, with grey and red-brown. I believe that this Butcher Bird, like the last-mentioned, migrates from the Deccan during the monsoon, returning about September. It would form a very interesting subject for investigation, as to what families of birds leave the Deccan during the monsoon, whither they betake themselves, and for what purposes. I have frequently made inquiries, but could not learn anything satisfactory on this subject. Subfamily Dicrurinz. Genus Dicrurvus. DicRURUS MACRORERCUS. DronGco SHRIKE. This bird is not much indebted to variety or richness of colouring in its plumage, for bringing it into notice; but its pleasant cheerful note and active habits must have been remarked by all observers of nature in India. Ere the peep of day it commences its pleasant twitter, and from sunrise to sunset it may be seen, now sitting on a bare spray watching for some passing insect, now perched on the back of a browsing cow or sheep, and then off in an instant in pursuit of a fly. I have seen one chase and capture a large white butterfly, which it appeared to have some difficulty in swallowing when caught, as it did not attempt to pull it to pieces, but was endeavouring to bolt it entire. They appear to have great antipathy to crows, chasing them with great vigour and boldness whenever one enters within their domain. I subjoin a note, made at the time, of the curious flight of these birds when hawking after flies. ‘Saw one of them (Drongo) perched on the outside branch of a tree hanging over a field of wheat ; suddenly the Shrike descended close to the ears of corn on which the flies had settled in the heat of the sun, and commenced a most curious jerking flight up and down, as if it had been tossed up and down on the waves of the sea. After performing this dancing flight for some little time, it returned to its seat, and after remaining there a short time, descended and repeated its jerking flight.” The Marahta name is Kolsa, the word for charcoal, alluding I suppose to its jet-black colour. The Drongo begins to build in the month of May, and Dr. Jerdon mentions having found its nest as late as August. I found its nest in a bush in a thick hedgerow; it was composed of roots, and contained three eggs of a rather reddish creamy-white ground, spotted with red spots; the egg is ;9; in. long by rather more than ;4, broad. The food of the Drongo consists of insects, moths, and butterflies. 48 Genus Po@nicornis, Swaius. PHENICORNIS PEREGRINUS, Vig. I have not met with the nest and eggs of the small red bird, but I believe the description given below is that of a young bird soon after it had left the nest. “18th September 1849. Whole of the upper plumage olive-green, mottled about the head with pale yellow, a large spot of which is behind the eye; tips of the lesser wing-coverts pale. Primaries and secondaries dark, with pale edges; breast and belly pale whitish-yellow, with yellow streaks; legs and feet pale lead- colour ; claws soft, as also the edges of the beak.” Genus Iora. IORA TIPHIA. I have never met with the nest or eggs of this handsome little bird ; but Dr. Jerdon, in his Catalogue of Indian Birds, says, “I once, on the west coast, in the month of September, met with a nest of this species in the fork of a low tree; it was more neatly and carefully made than any other of the few nests I have seen in this country. It contained young ones.” The Iora has a most wonderful power of voice. At one moment it is heard uttering a low plaintive cry, at the next a shrill whistle; no one could have believed the notes to have issued from the same throat. On the 29th of August, 1849, I shot a female. The eggs in the ovaries were very large. The gizzard contained the remains of a curious green insect, partly covered with black hair. The tongue of this bird is furnished with two long muscles, as in the woodpecker. Genus HamatTornis. H2MATORNIS CAFER. Common BULBUL. This sprightly and truly Indian bird breeds during the months of August and September. The first time that I noticed them building in August was on the 11th, and I found a nest with one fresh-laid egg on the 25th of September. They build in thick bushes in gardens. I found two nests in my garden at Ahmednuggur, one built in a guava tree, and the other in a mass of creepers. The nest is com- posed of fine twigs, bound together here and there with cobwebs, and lined with fibres. The nest I send is lined with the fibre of the cocoa-nut picked off a cocoa-fibre mat. I observed the old birds picking at the mat when it was put out of doors. I do not know the number of eggs which their nest generally contains. The egg is